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Environmental Earth Sciences

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01-05-2013 | Special Issue

A coupled surface/subsurface flow model accounting for air entrapment and air pressure counterflow

Authors: Jens-Olaf Delfs, Wenqing Wang, Thomas Kalbacher, Ashok Kumar Singh, Olaf Kolditz

Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences | Issue 2/2013

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Abstract

This work introduces the soil air system into integrated hydrology by simulating the flow processes and interactions of surface runoff, soil moisture and air in the shallow subsurface. The numerical model is formulated as a coupled system of partial differential equations for hydrostatic (diffusive wave) shallow flow and two-phase flow in a porous medium. The simultaneous mass transfer between the soil, overland, and atmosphere compartments is achieved by upgrading a fully established leakance concept for overland-soil liquid exchange to an air exchange flux between soil and atmosphere. In a new algorithm, leakances operate as a valve for gas pressure in a liquid-covered porous medium facilitating the simulation of air out-break events through the land surface. General criteria are stated to guarantee stability in a sequential iterative coupling algorithm and, in addition, for leakances to control the mass exchange between compartments. A benchmark test, which is based on a classic experimental data set on infiltration excess (Horton) overland flow, identified a feedback mechanism between surface runoff and soil air pressures. Our study suggests that air compression in soils amplifies surface runoff during high precipitation at specific sites, particularly in near-stream areas.

previous article Investigating hydrological drivers of nitrate export dynamics in two agricultural catchments in Germany using high-frequency data series

next article Assessing the relevance of subsurface processes for the simulation of evapotranspiration and soil moisture dynamics with CLM3.5: comparison with field data and crop model simulations

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Title: A coupled surface/subsurface flow model accounting for air entrapment and air pressure counterflow
Authors: Jens-Olaf Delfs
Wenqing Wang
Thomas Kalbacher
Ashok Kumar Singh
Olaf Kolditz
Publication date: 01-05-2013
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences / Issue 2/2013
Print ISSN: 1866-6280
Electronic ISSN: 1866-6299
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2420-1

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Evaluating multiple performance criteria to calibrate the distributed hydrological model of the upper Neckar catchment