Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 10/2016

10-08-2016

A Critical Assessment of Cyclic Softening and Hardening Behavior in a Near-α Titanium Alloy During Thermomechanical Fatigue

Authors: Kartik Prasad, Rajdeep Sarkar, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao, M. Sundararaman

Published in: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A | Issue 10/2016

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Thermomechanical fatigue behavior of Ti-alloy Timetal 834 has been studied at two temperature intervals viz. 573 K to 723 K (300 °C to 450 °C) and 723 K to 873 K (450 °C to 600 °C) under mechanical strain-controlled cycling. Among the temperatures studied, the alloy exhibited initial cyclic softening followed by cyclic hardening at 723 K (450 °C) in the temperature interval of 573 K to 723 K (300 °C to 450 °C). However, continuous cyclic hardening was observed at 723 K (450 °C) in 723 K to 873 K (450 °C to 600 °C). At 573 K (300 °C) and 873 K (600 °C), cyclic softening was observed in the cyclic stress response curves in both the temperature intervals. The dislocation substructure was observed to be planar in both the modes of TMF loading. Based on TEM microstructures and few unconventional fatigue tests, the observed cyclic hardening is attributed to dynamic strain aging. The reduced fatigue life at 723 K to 873 K (450 °C to 600 °C) under OP-TMF loading was attributed to the combined effect of cyclic hardening (leading to early strain localization and crack initiation), oxidation, and development of tensile mean stresses.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference C. Soares, Gas Turbines: A Handbook of Air, Land and Sea applications. Butterworth-Heinemann, New York, NY, 2008, pp. 679-716CrossRef C. Soares, Gas Turbines: A Handbook of Air, Land and Sea applications. Butterworth-Heinemann, New York, NY, 2008, pp. 679-716CrossRef
2.
go back to reference M. P. Boyce: Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook. 4th edition. Butterworth-Heinemann, New York, NY, 2012, pp. 803–883.CrossRef M. P. Boyce: Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook. 4th edition. Butterworth-Heinemann, New York, NY, 2012, pp. 803–883.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference R. C. Reed: The Superalloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006CrossRef R. C. Reed: The Superalloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006CrossRef
4.
5.
go back to reference [5] R. Viswanathan: Damage Mechanisms and Life Assessment of High Temperature Components, ASM International, 2nd Edition, Ohio, US, 1993 [5] R. Viswanathan: Damage Mechanisms and Life Assessment of High Temperature Components, ASM International, 2nd Edition, Ohio, US, 1993
6.
go back to reference [6] R. J. Lancaster, M. T. Whittaker, and S. J. Williams: Mater. High Temperature.2013, vol. 30, pp. 2-12CrossRef [6] R. J. Lancaster, M. T. Whittaker, and S. J. Williams: Mater. High Temperature.2013, vol. 30, pp. 2-12CrossRef
7.
go back to reference [7] K. Prasad, and V. Kumar: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,2011, vol. 528A, pp. 6263-6270CrossRef [7] K. Prasad, and V. Kumar: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,2011, vol. 528A, pp. 6263-6270CrossRef
8.
go back to reference K. Prasad, Phani. S. Karamched, A. Bhattacharjee, V. Kumar, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao, and M. Sundararaman: Mater. Design, 2015, vol. 65, pp. 297-311CrossRef K. Prasad, Phani. S. Karamched, A. Bhattacharjee, V. Kumar, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao, and M. Sundararaman: Mater. Design, 2015, vol. 65, pp. 297-311CrossRef
9.
go back to reference [9] K. Prasad, V. Kumar, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao, and M. Sundararaman: Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 2016, vol. 47, pp. 3713-3730CrossRef [9] K. Prasad, V. Kumar, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao, and M. Sundararaman: Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 2016, vol. 47, pp. 3713-3730CrossRef
10.
go back to reference D. F. Neal. Development and evaluation of high temperature titanium alloy IMI 834, in P. Lacombe, R. Tricot, G. Beranger (Eds.), Proceedings of 6th world conference on titanium, Cannes, France, 1988, p. 253-258 D. F. Neal. Development and evaluation of high temperature titanium alloy IMI 834, in P. Lacombe, R. Tricot, G. Beranger (Eds.), Proceedings of 6th world conference on titanium, Cannes, France, 1988, p. 253-258
11.
go back to reference D. F. Neal, and S. P. Fox. The influence of Silicon and Silicides on the properties of Near Alpha Titanium Alloys, In: F. H. Froes and I. Caplan (Eds.), Titanium 92 Science and Technology, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, 1993, p. 287-294. D. F. Neal, and S. P. Fox. The influence of Silicon and Silicides on the properties of Near Alpha Titanium Alloys, In: F. H. Froes and I. Caplan (Eds.), Titanium 92 Science and Technology, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, 1993, p. 287-294.
12.
go back to reference G. Lütjering, and J. C. Williams: Titanium, 2nd Edition, Springer, New York, 2007. G. Lütjering, and J. C. Williams: Titanium, 2nd Edition, Springer, New York, 2007.
13.
14.
go back to reference [14] S. Hardt, H. J. Maier, and H. J. Christ:Int. J. Fatigue.1999, vol. 21, pp. 779-789CrossRef [14] S. Hardt, H. J. Maier, and H. J. Christ:Int. J. Fatigue.1999, vol. 21, pp. 779-789CrossRef
15.
go back to reference [15] K. Prasad, and V. K. Varma: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,2008, vol. 486A, pp. 158-166.CrossRef [15] K. Prasad, and V. K. Varma: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,2008, vol. 486A, pp. 158-166.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference [16] K. Prasad, and S. V. Kamat: Mater. Sci. Eng. A,2008, vol. 490A, pp. 477-480CrossRef [16] K. Prasad, and S. V. Kamat: Mater. Sci. Eng. A,2008, vol. 490A, pp. 477-480CrossRef
17.
go back to reference [17] K. Prasad, R. Sarkar, P. Ghosal, and V. K. Varma: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,2008, vol. 494A, pp. 227-31CrossRef [17] K. Prasad, R. Sarkar, P. Ghosal, and V. K. Varma: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,2008, vol. 494A, pp. 227-31CrossRef
18.
19.
go back to reference [19] N. Singh and V. Singh: Mater. Sci. Eng. A,2008, vol. 485A, pp. 130-139CrossRef [19] N. Singh and V. Singh: Mater. Sci. Eng. A,2008, vol. 485A, pp. 130-139CrossRef
20.
go back to reference [20] P. Pototzky, H. J. Maier, and H. J. Christ:Metall. Mater. Trans. A.,1998, vol. 29A, pp. 2995-3004CrossRef [20] P. Pototzky, H. J. Maier, and H. J. Christ:Metall. Mater. Trans. A.,1998, vol. 29A, pp. 2995-3004CrossRef
21.
go back to reference P. Pototzky, H. J. Maier, and H.J. Christ. Behavior of the high temperature titanium alloy IMI 834 under thermomechanical and isothermal fatigue conditions. In: Third symposium on thermo-mechanical fatigue behavior of materials, H. Sehitoglu and H. J. Maier (Eds.), ASTM STP 1371, West Conshohocken (PA): 1999, pp. 18–35 P. Pototzky, H. J. Maier, and H.J. Christ. Behavior of the high temperature titanium alloy IMI 834 under thermomechanical and isothermal fatigue conditions. In: Third symposium on thermo-mechanical fatigue behavior of materials, H. Sehitoglu and H. J. Maier (Eds.), ASTM STP 1371, West Conshohocken (PA): 1999, pp. 18–35
22.
23.
go back to reference [23] H. J. Maier, and H. J. Christ:Int. J. Fatigue.1997, vol. 19, pp. S267-S274CrossRef [23] H. J. Maier, and H. J. Christ:Int. J. Fatigue.1997, vol. 19, pp. S267-S274CrossRef
24.
go back to reference ASTM Standard E 2368-10: Standard practice for strain controlled thermomechanical fatigue testing, In: Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 3.01, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2010 ASTM Standard E 2368-10: Standard practice for strain controlled thermomechanical fatigue testing, In: Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 3.01, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2010
25.
go back to reference C. Ramchandra, A. K. Singh, and G. V. K. Sharma: Metall. Trans. A,1993, vol. 24, pp. 1273-1280CrossRef C. Ramchandra, A. K. Singh, and G. V. K. Sharma: Metall. Trans. A,1993, vol. 24, pp. 1273-1280CrossRef
26.
go back to reference N. Singh, PhD Thesis, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 2004, India N. Singh, PhD Thesis, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 2004, India
27.
go back to reference [27] K. Prasad, R. Sarkar, V. Kumar, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao, and M. Sundararaman: Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2016, vol. 662, pp. 373-384CrossRef [27] K. Prasad, R. Sarkar, V. Kumar, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao, and M. Sundararaman: Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2016, vol. 662, pp. 373-384CrossRef
28.
go back to reference H. Renner, H. Kestler, and H. Mughrabi, Influence of heat treatment and microstructure on the low cycle fatigue properties of the hot forgerd near –α titanium alloy IMI 834, In: Fatigue ’96, Procrrdings of the sixth international congress. G. Lütjering and H Nowack (Eds.), Oxford: Pergamo, 1996, pp. 935-940 H. Renner, H. Kestler, and H. Mughrabi, Influence of heat treatment and microstructure on the low cycle fatigue properties of the hot forgerd near –α titanium alloy IMI 834, In: Fatigue ’96, Procrrdings of the sixth international congress. G. Lütjering and H Nowack (Eds.), Oxford: Pergamo, 1996, pp. 935-940
29.
go back to reference [29] M. E. Nixon, O Cazacu, and R A Lebensohn: Int. J. Plasticity, 2010, vol. 26, pp. 516-532CrossRef [29] M. E. Nixon, O Cazacu, and R A Lebensohn: Int. J. Plasticity, 2010, vol. 26, pp. 516-532CrossRef
30.
go back to reference [30] T. Neeraj, M F Savage, J. Tatalovich, L. Kovarik, R. W. Hayes, and M. J. Mills: Phil. Mag., 2005, vol. 85, pp. 279-295CrossRef [30] T. Neeraj, M F Savage, J. Tatalovich, L. Kovarik, R. W. Hayes, and M. J. Mills: Phil. Mag., 2005, vol. 85, pp. 279-295CrossRef
31.
go back to reference [31] A. S. Beranger, X. Feaugas, and M. Clavel: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,1993, vol. 172A, pp. 31-41CrossRef [31] A. S. Beranger, X. Feaugas, and M. Clavel: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,1993, vol. 172A, pp. 31-41CrossRef
32.
go back to reference [32] J. C. Williams, R. G. Baggerly, and N. E. Paton: Metall. Mater. Trans. A.,2002, vol. 33A, pp. 837-850CrossRef [32] J. C. Williams, R. G. Baggerly, and N. E. Paton: Metall. Mater. Trans. A.,2002, vol. 33A, pp. 837-850CrossRef
33.
go back to reference M. J. Blackburn: Trans. Met. Soc. AIME,1967, vol. 239, pp. 1200-1208. M. J. Blackburn: Trans. Met. Soc. AIME,1967, vol. 239, pp. 1200-1208.
34.
35.
go back to reference [35] C. E. Shamblen, and T. K. Redden: Metall. Trans.,1972, vol. 3, 1299-1305CrossRef [35] C. E. Shamblen, and T. K. Redden: Metall. Trans.,1972, vol. 3, 1299-1305CrossRef
36.
go back to reference [36] D. J. Truax, and C. J. McMahon Jr: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,1974, vol. 13A, pp. 125CrossRef [36] D. J. Truax, and C. J. McMahon Jr: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,1974, vol. 13A, pp. 125CrossRef
37.
go back to reference [37] T. K. G. Namboodhiri, C. J. McMahon Jr, and H. Herman: Metall. Trans.,1973, vol. 4, pp. 1323-1331CrossRef [37] T. K. G. Namboodhiri, C. J. McMahon Jr, and H. Herman: Metall. Trans.,1973, vol. 4, pp. 1323-1331CrossRef
38.
go back to reference [38] W. J. Donlon, J. E. Allison, J. V. Laseki. The influence of thermal exposure on properties and microstructure of elevated temperature titanium alloys, In: F. H. Froes, I. Caplan (Eds.), Titanium ’92 Science and Technology, TMS, Warrendale, 1993, pp. 295-302 [38] W. J. Donlon, J. E. Allison, J. V. Laseki. The influence of thermal exposure on properties and microstructure of elevated temperature titanium alloys, In: F. H. Froes, I. Caplan (Eds.), Titanium ’92 Science and Technology, TMS, Warrendale, 1993, pp. 295-302
39.
go back to reference M. T. Cope, M. J. Hill, The influence of aging temperature on the mechanical properties of IMI 834, In: Proceedings of the sixth world conf. on titanium, P Lacombe, R. Tricot, G. Beranger (Eds.)., France, 1988, pp. 153-158. M. T. Cope, M. J. Hill, The influence of aging temperature on the mechanical properties of IMI 834, In: Proceedings of the sixth world conf. on titanium, P Lacombe, R. Tricot, G. Beranger (Eds.)., France, 1988, pp. 153-158.
40.
go back to reference [40] A. P. Woodfield, P. J. Postans, M. H. Loretto, and R. E. Smallman: Acta Metall., 1988, vol. 36, pp. 507-15CrossRef [40] A. P. Woodfield, P. J. Postans, M. H. Loretto, and R. E. Smallman: Acta Metall., 1988, vol. 36, pp. 507-15CrossRef
41.
go back to reference A. Madsen, E. Andrieu, and H. Ghonem: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,1993, vol. 171A, pp. 191-197CrossRef A. Madsen, E. Andrieu, and H. Ghonem: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,1993, vol. 171A, pp. 191-197CrossRef
42.
go back to reference [42] X. D. Zhang, J. M. K. Wiezorek, W. A. Baeslack, D. J. Evans, and H. L. Fraser: Acta Mater.,1998, vol. 46, pp. 4485-4495.CrossRef [42] X. D. Zhang, J. M. K. Wiezorek, W. A. Baeslack, D. J. Evans, and H. L. Fraser: Acta Mater.,1998, vol. 46, pp. 4485-4495.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference [43] G. J. Baxter, W. M. Rainforth, and L. Grabowski: Acta Mater., 1996, vol.44, pp.3453-3463CrossRef [43] G. J. Baxter, W. M. Rainforth, and L. Grabowski: Acta Mater., 1996, vol.44, pp.3453-3463CrossRef
44.
go back to reference K. Gopinath, A. K. Gogia, S. V. Kamat, R. Balamuralikrishnan, and U. Ramamurty: Acta. Mater., 2009, vol. 57, pp. 3450-3459CrossRef K. Gopinath, A. K. Gogia, S. V. Kamat, R. Balamuralikrishnan, and U. Ramamurty: Acta. Mater., 2009, vol. 57, pp. 3450-3459CrossRef
46.
47.
go back to reference [47] A Van den Beukel, and U. F. Kocks: Acta Metall.,1982, vol. 30, pp. 1027-1034CrossRef [47] A Van den Beukel, and U. F. Kocks: Acta Metall.,1982, vol. 30, pp. 1027-1034CrossRef
48.
go back to reference [48] Y. Estrin, and L. P. Kubin: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,1991, vol. 137A, pp. 125-134CrossRef [48] Y. Estrin, and L. P. Kubin: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,1991, vol. 137A, pp. 125-134CrossRef
49.
50.
go back to reference [50] K. Prasad, S. Amrithapandian, B. K. Panigrahi, V. Kumar, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao, and M. Sundararaman: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,2015, vol. 638A, pp. 90-96CrossRef [50] K. Prasad, S. Amrithapandian, B. K. Panigrahi, V. Kumar, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao, and M. Sundararaman: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,2015, vol. 638A, pp. 90-96CrossRef
51.
go back to reference [51] M. A. Soare, and W. A. Curtin: Acta Mater.,2008, vol. 56,pp. 4046-4061CrossRef [51] M. A. Soare, and W. A. Curtin: Acta Mater.,2008, vol. 56,pp. 4046-4061CrossRef
52.
go back to reference [52] T. Tabata, H. Fujita, and Y. Nakajima: Acta Metall.,1980, vol. 28, pp. 795-805CrossRef [52] T. Tabata, H. Fujita, and Y. Nakajima: Acta Metall.,1980, vol. 28, pp. 795-805CrossRef
53.
54.
go back to reference [54] K. Tsuzaki, T. Hori, T. Maki, and I. Tamura: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,1983, vol. 61A, pp. 247-260CrossRef [54] K. Tsuzaki, T. Hori, T. Maki, and I. Tamura: Mater. Sci. Eng. A.,1983, vol. 61A, pp. 247-260CrossRef
55.
go back to reference [55] K. Tsuzaki, Y. Matsuzaki, T. Maki, and I. Tamura: Mater Sci Eng. A.,1991, vol. 142A, pp. 63-70CrossRef [55] K. Tsuzaki, Y. Matsuzaki, T. Maki, and I. Tamura: Mater Sci Eng. A.,1991, vol. 142A, pp. 63-70CrossRef
56.
go back to reference M.G. Castelli, R.V. Miner, and D.N. Robinson: Thermomechanical fatigue deformation behavior of a dynamic strain aging alloy, Hastelloy X, In: Thermomechanical fatigue behavior of materials, Sehitoglu H (Ed.,), ASTM STP 1186, Philadelphia (PA), 1993, pp. 107–25 M.G. Castelli, R.V. Miner, and D.N. Robinson: Thermomechanical fatigue deformation behavior of a dynamic strain aging alloy, Hastelloy X, In: Thermomechanical fatigue behavior of materials, Sehitoglu H (Ed.,), ASTM STP 1186, Philadelphia (PA), 1993, pp. 107–25
57.
go back to reference [57] Z. Y. Huang, J-L Chaboche, Q. Y. Wang, D. Wagner, and C. Bathias: Mater Sci Eng. A., 2014, vol. 589A, pp. 34-40CrossRef [57] Z. Y. Huang, J-L Chaboche, Q. Y. Wang, D. Wagner, and C. Bathias: Mater Sci Eng. A., 2014, vol. 589A, pp. 34-40CrossRef
58.
go back to reference [58] H. M. Rosenberg: Vacancies and other point defects in metals and alloys, Institute of metals, London, 1958, p. 206 [58] H. M. Rosenberg: Vacancies and other point defects in metals and alloys, Institute of metals, London, 1958, p. 206
59.
60.
go back to reference R. E. Reed-Hill, R. Abbaschian, and L. Abbaschian: Physical metallurgy principles. 3rd edition. Thomson Asia (P) Ltd., Singapore. 2003 R. E. Reed-Hill, R. Abbaschian, and L. Abbaschian: Physical metallurgy principles. 3rd edition. Thomson Asia (P) Ltd., Singapore. 2003
61.
go back to reference [61] T. H. Sanders, and E. A. Starke Jr.: Metall. Trans. A.,1976, vol. 7A, pp. 1407-1408CrossRef [61] T. H. Sanders, and E. A. Starke Jr.: Metall. Trans. A.,1976, vol. 7A, pp. 1407-1408CrossRef
62.
go back to reference [62] K. Bhanu Sankara Rao, H. Schiffers, H. Schuster, and G. R. Halford: Metall. Mater. Trans. A.,1996, vol. 27A, pp. 255-267CrossRef [62] K. Bhanu Sankara Rao, H. Schiffers, H. Schuster, and G. R. Halford: Metall. Mater. Trans. A.,1996, vol. 27A, pp. 255-267CrossRef
63.
go back to reference [63] S. D. Antolovich, and R. W. Armstrong: Prog. Mater. Sci.,2014, vol. 59, pp. 1-160.CrossRef [63] S. D. Antolovich, and R. W. Armstrong: Prog. Mater. Sci.,2014, vol. 59, pp. 1-160.CrossRef
64.
go back to reference [64] K. Prasad, S. Abhaya, G. Amarendra, Vikas Kumar, K. V. Rajulapati, and K. Bhanu Sankara Rao: Eng. Fract. Mech.,2013, vol. 102, pp. 194-206CrossRef [64] K. Prasad, S. Abhaya, G. Amarendra, Vikas Kumar, K. V. Rajulapati, and K. Bhanu Sankara Rao: Eng. Fract. Mech.,2013, vol. 102, pp. 194-206CrossRef
Metadata
Title
A Critical Assessment of Cyclic Softening and Hardening Behavior in a Near-α Titanium Alloy During Thermomechanical Fatigue
Authors
Kartik Prasad
Rajdeep Sarkar
K. Bhanu Sankara Rao
M. Sundararaman
Publication date
10-08-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A / Issue 10/2016
Print ISSN: 1073-5623
Electronic ISSN: 1543-1940
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3670-9

Other articles of this Issue 10/2016

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 10/2016 Go to the issue

Premium Partners