Top

Sustainable Water Resources Management

Published in:

01-04-2023 | Original Article

A critical review of conventional and emerging wastewater treatment technologies

Authors: Ravindra Sangamnere, Tavishi Misra, Hemant Bherwani, Atya Kapley, Rakesh Kumar

Published in: Sustainable Water Resources Management | Issue 2/2023

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Water stress is a major concern in today’s world as many cities worldwide face fast depleting potable water supply. The prevailing water emergency warrants a conscious effort to reuse mitigated wastewater such that the use of residual natural reserves is limited to drinking purposes only. To accomplish adequate wastewater remediation, the greatest challenge, apart from policy and implementation fronts, lies in maximizing the overall efficiency of wastewater treatment (WWT) systems. In light of this, the current review makes a unique effort to help navigate the challenge by summarizing the present scenario of WWT technologies, focusing on the progress so far and the prospects in the next 30 years or so. The study comprehensively reviews various wastewater technologies and aims to help countries, like India, deal with the obstacles encountered while selecting and engineering suitable systems. It compares them based on their advantages and disadvantages, including budget allocation and timeframe for installing and commission of the treatment plants. Depending upon the wastewater characteristics and the expected end-use of treated wastewater, a comprehensive survey of prevalent aerobic, anaerobic, and biological treatment techniques has been done. Emerging WWT technologies, such as advanced oxidation processes, membrane filtration techniques, microbial electrolysis cell technologies, and in situ methods, which are currently in the development and deployment stages, have also been discussed. The study outlines the scope, limitations, and advancements of existing and prospective wastewater remediation approaches and suggests their decentralized implementation at the community scale as stop-gap solutions to poor wastewater management.

Graphical abstract

previous article Analysis of the concentration of pesticides in a watershed for public water supply in Brazil

next article A GIS based study on channel dynamic and the impact on morphology of Subansiri River in the Lakhimpur district of Assam, India

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Abeliovich A (1985) Biological treatment of chemical industry effluent by stabilization ponds. Water Res 19(12):1497–1503CrossRef

Ahansazan B, Afrashteh H, Ahansazan N, Ahansazan Z (2014) Activated sludge process overview. Int J Environ Sci Dev 5(1):81–85

Ahn YT, Kang ST, Chae SR, Lee CY, Bae BU, Shin HS (2007) Simultaneous high-strength organic and nitrogen removal with combined anaerobic upflow bed filter and aerobic membrane bioreactor. Desalination 202(2007):114–121CrossRef

Alleman JE, Prakasam TBS (1983) Reflections on seven decades of activated sludge history. J Water Pollut Control Fed 55(5):436–443. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25041901

Bachmann A, Beard VL, McCarty PL (1985) Performance characteristics of the anaerobic baffled reactor. Water Res 19(1):99–106

Bajpai P (2017) Emerging technologies for wastewater treatment. Pulp Pap Ind. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-811099-7.00007-1CrossRef

Baker BH, Aldridge CA, Omer A (2016).Water: availability and use. Mississippi State University Extension. http://extension.msstate.edu/publications/water-availability-and-use

Balcioglu IA, Alaton IA, Otker M, Bahar R, Bakar N, Ikiz M (2003) Application of advanced oxidation processes to different industrial wastewaters. J Environ Sci Health Part A Toxic Hazard Subst Environ Eng 38(8):1587–1596CrossRef

Barber WP, Stuckey DC (1999) The use of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for wastewater treatment: a review. Wat Res 33:1559–1578CrossRef

Barnard JL (1975) Biological nutrient removal without the addition of chemicals. Water Res 9(5–6):485–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(75)90072-XCrossRef

Bethi B, Sonawane SH, Bhanvase BA, Gumfekar SP (2016) Nanomaterials-based advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: a review. Chem Eng Process 109:178–189CrossRef

Beychok MR (1971) Performance of surface-aerated basins. Chem Eng Prog Symp Ser 67(107):322–339

Bhargava A (2016) Activated sludge treatment process—concept and system design. Int J Eng Dev Res 4(2):2321–9939

Bherwani H, Musugu K, Nair M, Gupta A, Kumar R (2022) Valuation of environmental damages of Kasardi River: a case for benefits of timely action. Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad. 88:80–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43538-022-00068-3CrossRef

Bieby VT, Siti RSA, Hassan B, Mushrifah I, Nurina A, Muhammad MA (2011) Review on heavy metals (As, Pb, and Hg) uptake by plants through phytoremediation. Int J Chem Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/939161CrossRef

Biggs C, Lant P, Hounslow M (2003) Modelling the effect of shear history on activated sludge flocculation. Water Sci Technol 47(11):251–257CrossRef

Bijan L, Mohseni M (2004) Using ozone to reduce recalcitrant compounds and to enhance the biodegradability of pulp and paper effluents. Water Sci Technol 50(3):173–182CrossRef

BIOROCK plants. https://biorock.com/

Bruce EL, Slawomir WH, Denny SP (1987) A fundamental model for trickling filter process design. J Water Pollut Control Fed 59(12):1029–1042

Butler E, Hung YT, Al Ahmad MS, Yeh RYL, Liu RLH, Fu YP (2017) Oxidation pond for municipal wastewater treatment. Appl Water Sci 7(1):31–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0285-zCrossRef

Campos JL, Otero L, Franco A, Mosquera-Corral A, Roca E (2009) Ozonation strategies to reduce sludge production of a seafood industry WWTP. Bioresour Technol 100(2009):1069–1073CrossRef

Carter CR, Tyrrel SF, Howsam P (1999) Impact and sustainability of community water supply and sanitation programs in developing countries. J Chart Inst Water Environ Manag 13:292–296CrossRef

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (2021) "National Inventory of Sewage Treatment Plants" https://cpcb.nic.in/openpdffile.php?id=UmVwb3J0RmlsZXMvMTIyOF8xNjE1MTk2MzIyX21lZGlhcGhvdG85NTY0LnBkZg Accessed Jan 2022

Chahal C, Van Den Akker B, Young F, Franco C, Blackbeard J, Monis P (2016) Pathogen and particle associations in wastewater: significance and implications for treatment and disinfection processes. Adv Appl Microbiol 97:63–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aambs.2016.08.001CrossRef

Chan YJ, Chong MF, Law CL, Hassell DG (2009) A review on the anaerobic-aerobic treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater. Chem Eng J 155:1–18CrossRef

Chemtech International (2020) Activated sludge systems-advantages and disadvantages

Chernicharo CAL, Nascimento MCP (2001) Feasibility of pilot-scale UASB/trickling filter system for domestic sewage treatment. Water Sci Technol 44(4):221–228. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0227CrossRef

Cooper PF (2007) Historical aspects of wastewater treatment. Decentralised sanitation and reuse: concepts, systems and implementation. IWA Publishing, London

Damania R, Desbureaux S, Rodella A, Russ J, Zaveri E (2019) Quality unknown: the invisible water crisis. World Bank, Washington, DC. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/32245

Daud MK, Rizvi H, Akram MF, Ali S, Rizwan M, Nafees M, Jin ZS (2018) Review of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor technology: effect of different parameters and developments for domestic wastewater treatment. J Chem 2018:1–13

Del Pozo R, Diez V (2003) Organic matter removal in combined anaerobic-aerobic fixed-film bioreactors. Water Res 37(2003):3561–3568CrossRef

Dey J, Sakhre S, Vijay R, Bherwani H, Kumar R (2021) Geospatial assessment of urban sprawl and landslide susceptibility around the Nainital lake, Uttarakhand, India. Environ Dev Sustain 23(3):3543–3561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00731-zCrossRef

Dhokpande SR, Kulkarni SJ, Kaware JP (2014) A review on research on the application of trickling filter in the removal of various pollutants from effluent. Int J Eng Sci Res Technol 3(7):359–365

Dhote J, Ingole S, Chavhan A (2012) Review on wastewater treatment technologies. Int J Eng Res Technol 1:1–10

Dimitrakos GM, Nieva JM, Vayenas DV, Lyberatos GL (1996) Removal of iron from potable water using trickling filter. Wat Res 31(5):991–996

Ditzig JLH, Logan BE (2007) Production of hydrogen from domestic wastewater using a bio electrochemically assisted microbial reactor (BEAMR). Int J Hydro Energy 32:2296–2304CrossRef

Dohare D, Kawale M (2014) Biological treatment of wastewater using activated sludge process and sequential batch reactor process: a review. Int J Eng Sci Res Technol 251:2277–9655

Dorabaltea, BIWATER. https://www.dorabaltea.com/en/soluzioni/biowater/

Downing AL, Hopwood AP (1964) Some observations on the kinetics of nitrifying activated-sludge plants. Schweiz Z Hydrol 26(2):271–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02504050CrossRef

Dutta A, Charlotte D, David SI (2018) Performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and other anaerobic reactor configuration for wastewater treatment: a comprehensive review and critical updates. J Water Supply Res Technol 67:858–884CrossRef

Elizabeth PS (2005) Phytoremediation. Annu Rev Plant Biol 2005(56):15–39

Enegess D, Togna A, Sutton P (2003) Membrane separation applications to biosystems for waste water treatment. Filtr Sep 40:14–17CrossRef

Erakhrumen A, Agbontalor A (2007) Review phytoremediation: an environmentally sound technology for pollution prevention, control and remediation in developing countries. Educ Res Rev 2(7):151–156

Escapa A, San-Martín MI, Mateos R, Morán A (2015) Scaling-up of membrane-less microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) for domestic wastewater treatment: bottlenecks and limitations. Biores Technol 180:72–78CrossRef

Escapa A, Mateos R, Martínez EJ, Blanes J (2016) Microbial electrolysis cells: an emerging technology for wastewater treatment and energy recovery. From laboratory to pilot plant and beyond. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 55:942–956CrossRef

Fernandes H, Mariele KJ, Heike H, Regina VA, Rejane HR (2013) Full-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for domestic wastewater: performance and diversity of microbial communities. Bioresour Technol 132(2013):262–268CrossRef

Ghaniyari BS, Borja R, Monemian SA, Goodarzi V (2009) Anaerobic treatment of synthetic medium-strength wastewater using a multistage biofilm reactor. Bioresour Technol 100(2009):1740–1745CrossRef

Ghawi AH, Kris J (2009) Use of the rotating biological contactor for appropriate technology wastewater treatment. Slovak J Civ Eng 2009(3):1–8

Ghodeif K (2013) Baseline Assessment Study for Wastewater Treatment Plant for Al Gozayyera village, West Kantara City, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. SWIM-Sustain Water MED - Egypt. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34897.63844

Glaze WH (1987) Drinking water treatment with ozone. Environ Sci Technol 21:224–230

Gratziou MK, Tsalkatidou M, Kotsovinos NE (2006) Economic evaluation of small capacity sewage processing Units. Glob NEST J 8(1):52–60

Grobicki A, Stuckey DC (1991) Performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor under steady-state and shock-loading conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 37(4):344–355. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370408CrossRef

Gros M, Petrovic M, Ginebrada A, Barcelo D (2010) Removal of pharmaceutical during wastewater treatment and environmental assessment using hazard indexes. Environ Int 36(2010):15–26CrossRef

Guessous M, Richa A, Mountadar S, Karmil FZ, El Hajric J, Mountadarb M, Sinitia M (2021) Experimental study of wastewater treatment containing sulfuric acid solutions using freezing and thawing method. Desalination Water Treat. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.26606CrossRef

Guo WQ, Yang SS, Xiang WS, Wang XJ, Ren NQ (2013) Minimization of excess sludge production by in-situ activated sludge treatment processes—a comprehensive review. Biotechnol Adv 31(8):1386–1396CrossRef

Hassan SR, Haider MZ, Dahlan I (2013) Development of the anaerobic reactor for industrial wastewater treatment: An overview, present stage, and future aspects. Dahlan et al, J Adv Sci Res, 4(1): 07-12. https://www.environmentalpollution.in/sewage-treatment/aerated-lagoons/aerated-lagoons-types-and-advantages-sewage-treatment/5788

Jafarinejad S (2016) Petroleum waste treatment and pollution control, 1st edn. Elsevier Inc., Butterworth-Heinemann

James EA, Prakasam TBS (1983) Reflection on seven decades of activated sludge history. J Water Pollut Control Fed 55(5):436–443

Jamil TS, Ghaly MY, El-Seesy IE, Souaya ER, Nasr RA (2011) A comparative study among different photochemical oxidation processes to enhance the biodegradability of paper mill wastewater. J Hazard Mater 185:353–358CrossRef

John RH, Daigger GT (1987) A comparison of trickling filter media. J Water Pollut Control Fed 59(7):679–685

Judd S (2010) The MBR Book: principles and applications of membrane bioreactors for water and wastewater treatment. Elsevier, New York

Jusoh M, Johari A, Ngadi N, Zakaria ZY (2013) Process optimization of effective partition constant in progressive freeze concentration of wastewater. Adv Chem Eng Sci. https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2013.34036CrossRef

Kalyuzhnyi SV, Vyacheslav V, Fedorovich PL (2005) Dispersed plug flow model for upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors with focus on granular sludge dynamics. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 33:221–237CrossRef

Karadag D, Koroglu EO, Ozkaya B, Cakmakci M (2014) A review on anaerobic biofilm reactor for the treatment of dairy industry wastewater. Process Biochem 50:262–271CrossRef

Kassam ZA, Yerushalmi L, Guiot SR (2003) A market study on the anaerobic waste-water treatment systems. Water Air Soil Pollut 143(1–4):179–192CrossRef

Kayombo S, Mbwette TSA, Katima JHY, Ladegaard N, Jorgensen SE (2010) Waste stabilization ponds and constructed wetland design manual. Danish University of pharmaceutical science, a section of environmental chemistry, Copenhagen, Denmark

Kazemi K, Hashemian J, Alavi AN, Yaghoubkhani S (2012) COD removal performance of fluidized bed bioreactor (FBBR) with support material of precipitation carbonate calcium (PCC). J Civ Eng Sci 2012–1:31–35

Khaled S, Azni I, Omar R, Hamdan MY (2014) A review in biofilm process for wastewater treatment. Life Sci J 11(11):1–13

Khalil N, Sinha R, Raghav AK, Mittal AK (2008) UASB technology for sewage treatment in India: experience, economic evaluation, and it's potential in other developing countries. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Water Technology Conference, IWCT 12, Alexandria, pp 1411–1427

Khan NA, Hussain A, Changani F, Hussain K (2017) Review on SBR (Sequencing batch reactor) treatment technologies of industrial wastewater. J Emerg Trends Model Manuf 3(4):87–91

Latif MA, Ghufran R, Wahid ZA, Ahmad A (2011) Integrated application of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for the treatment of wastewaters. Water Res 45(16):4683–4699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.049CrossRef

Lee CC (2000) Handbook of environmental engineering calculations, 1st edn. McGraw Hill, New York (ISBN 0-07-038183-6)

Lettinga G, Velsen AFMV, Hobma SWW, Zeeuw DE, Klapwijk A (1980) Use of the upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor concept for biological wastewater treatment, especially for anaerobic treatment. Biotechnol Bioeng 22:699–734CrossRef

Levin GV, Shapiro J (1965) Metabolic uptake of phosphorus by wastewater organisms. J Water Pollut Control Fed 37:800–821

Lier JB, Van der Zee FP, Frijters CTMJ, Ersahin ME (2015) Celebrating 40 years anaerobic sludge bed reactors for industrial wastewater treatment. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-015-9375-5CrossRef

Lim SJ, Kim TH (2014) Applicability and trends of anaerobic granular sludge treatment processes. Biomass Bioenergy 60:189–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.11.011CrossRef

Lin K-C, Yang Z (1990) Technical review on the UASB process. Int J Environ Stud 39:203–222CrossRef

Liu Yu, Liu Q-S (2006) Causes and control of filamentous growth in aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor. Biotechnol Adv 24(2006):115–212CrossRef

Lofrano G, Brown J (2010) Wastewater management through the ages: a history of mankind. Sci Total Environ 408(22):5254–5264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.062CrossRef

Lucas S, Zeeman G, Jules B, Van L, Hamelers HVM, Lettinga G (1998) A review: the anaerobic treatment of sewage in UASB and EGSB reactors. Bioresour Technol 65(1998):175–190

Ludzack FJ, Ettinger MB (1962) Controlling operation to minimize activated sludge effluent nitrogen. J Water Pollut Control Fed 34:920–931

Mahajan CS, Narkhade SD, Khatik VA, Jadhav RN, Attarde SB (2010) Wastewater treatment at winery industry. Asian J Environ Sci 4(2):258–265

Mahvi AH (2008) Sequencing batch reactor: a promising technology in wastewater treatment, Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 5(2):79–90

Mahvi AM, Mesdaghinia AR, Karakani F (2004) Feasibility of continuous flow sequencing batch reactor in domestic wastewater treatment. Am J Appl Sci 1(4):348–353CrossRef

Massa P, Dafinov A, Medina F, Fenoglio R (2008) Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenolic solutions over Fe₂O₃/CeO₂ and WO₃/CeO₂ catalyst systems. Catal Commun 9:1533–1538CrossRef

McCarty PL (1981) One hundred years of anaerobic treatment digestion 1981. In: Hughes L et al (eds) Anaerobic digestion, vol 1. Elsevier Biomedical Press, New York, pp 3–21

McCarty PL (2001) The development of anaerobic treatment and its future. Water Sci Technol 44(8):149–156CrossRef

Metcalf and Eddy (2003) Wastewater engineering: treatment and reuse, 4th edn. McGraw Hill, New York

Mmontshi LS, Keneiloe S, Richard M, Daniel MM (2019) Municipal wastewater treatment technologies: a review. (SMPM-2019)

Moigno AF (1881) Mouras automatic scavenger. Cosmos, p 622

Moigno AF (1882) Mouras automatic scavenger. Cosmos, p 97

Morse GK, Brett SW, Guy JA, Lester JN (1998) Review: phosphorus removal and recovery technologies. Sci Total Environ 212(1):69–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00332-XCrossRef

Muhammad AHR, Malik MM, Mukhta S (2017) Urbanization and its effects on water resources: an exploratory analysis. Asian J Water Environ Pollut 15(1):67–74. https://doi.org/10.3233/AJW-180007CrossRef

Musa MA, Idrus S (2021) Physical and biological treatment technologies of slaughterhouse wastewater: a review. Sustainability 13:4656. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094656CrossRef

Naz I, Saroj DP, Mumtaz S, Ali N, Ahmed S (2014) Assessment of biological trickling filter systems with various packing materials for improved wastewater treatment. Environ Technol 2015 Jan-Feb; 36(1–4):424–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2014.951400. Epub 2014 Sep 3. PMID: 25182275.CrossRef

Nopens I, Biggs CA, De Clercq B, Govoreanu R, Wilen BM, Lant P, Vanrolleghem PA (2002) Modelling the activated sludge flocculation process combining laser light diffraction particle sizing and population balance modeling (PBM). Water Sci Technol 45(6):41–49CrossRef

Odegaard H (2000) Advanced compact wastewater treatment based on coagulation and moving bed biofilm processes. Water Sci Technol 42(12):33–48CrossRef

Ødegaard H, Rusten B, Westrum T (1994) A new moving bed biofilm reactor—applications and results. Water Sci Technol 29(10–11):157–165. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0757CrossRef

Paillard H, Brunet R, Dore M (1988) Conditions optimales d’application du système oxydant ozoneperoxyde d’hydrogène. Water Res 22(1):91–103CrossRef

Pal P (2017) Biological treatment technology. Ind Water Treat Process Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-810391-3.00003-5CrossRef

Pal S, Sarkar U, Dasgupta D (2010) Dynamic simulation of secondary treatment processes using trickling filter in a sewage treatment work in Howrah, West Bengal, India. Desalination 253(2010):135–140CrossRef

Pearce GK (2008) UF/MF pre-treatment to RO in seawater and wastewater reuse applications: a comparison of energy costs. Desalination 222:66–73CrossRef

Peter Clark J (2011) Getting a fix on freeze concentration. Food Technol Mag 65(12):78–79

Potter MC (1911) Electrical effects accompanying the decomposition of organic compounds. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1911.0073CrossRef

Quiroga FJT (2011) Waste stabilization ponds for wastewater treatment, anaerobic pond

Rane MV, Siddhart J (2008) Indian Patents, Industrial Research and Consultancy centre). Patent Number: 204956

Ravi K Aerated lagoons: types and advantages, sewage treatment. Environmental pollution article. https://www.environmentalpollution.in/sewage-treatment/aerated-lagoons/aerated-lagoons-types-and-advantages-sewage-treatment/5788

Rodgers M, Zhan XM, Dolan B (2007) Mixing characteristics and whey wastewater treatment of a novel moving anaerobic biofilm reactor. J Environ Sci Health Part A Toxic Hazard Subst Environ Eng A39(8):2183–2193

SAMCO article (2021) Are biological trickling filters right for your municipal wastewater treatment facility? https://samcotech.com/are-biological-trickling-filters-right-for-your-municipal-wastewater-treatment-facility/

Sarner E (1985) Oxidation ponds as the polishing process of the wastewater treatment plant in Lund. Vatten 41:186–192

Seow TW, Lim CK, Hanif M (2016) Review on wastewater treatment technologies. Int J Appl Environ Sci 11:111–126

Singh M, Srivastava RK (2010) Sequencing batch reactor technology for biological wastewater treatment: a review. Asia Pac J Chem Eng 2011(6):3–13

Singh R, Paul B, Jain RK (2006) Biofilms: implications in bioremediation. Trends Microbiol 14:389–397CrossRef

Singhal A, Gomes J, Praveen VV, Ramachandran KB (1998) Axial dispersion model for upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. American Chemical Society and American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Biotechnol Prog 14:645–648CrossRef

Smith VH, Schindler DW (2009) Eutrophication science: where do we go from here? Trends Ecol Evol 24(4):201–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.11.009CrossRef

Stanbridge HH (1976) History of sewage treatment in Britain (in 12 volumes). Institute of Water Pollution Control, Maidstone

Stuckey DC (2010) Anaerobic Baffled reactor (ABR) for wastewater treatment. Environ Anaerob Technol. https://doi.org/10.1142/9781848165434_0008CrossRef

Suresh S, Tripathi RK, Gernal Rana MN (2011) Review on the treatment of industrial wastewater using the sequential batch reactor. Int J Sci Technol Manag ISSN: 2229-6646, IJSTM 2

Tait SJ, Freidman AA (1980) Anaerobic rotating biological contactor for carbonaceous wastewaters. J WPCF 52:2257–2269

Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel HD (2003) Wastewater engineering: an overview. In: Metcalf & Eddy Inc (ed) Wastewater engineering, treatment and reuse, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York

Tedesco M, Hamelers HV, Biesheuvel PM (2017) Nernst–Planck transport theory for (reverse) electrodialysis: II. Effect of water transport through ion-exchange membranes. J Membr Sci 531:172–182CrossRef

Tetteh EK, Rathilal S, Chetty M, Armah EK, Sackey DA (2019) Treatment of water and wastewater for reuse and energy generation-emerging technologies. Water Wastewater Treat. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84474CrossRef

Tharavathy NC, Krishnamoorthy M, Hosetti BB (2013) Oxidation pond: a tool for wastewater treatment. Research and reviews. J Ecol Environ Sci 2(2):1–4

The People's Daily, Friday, November 30, 2001, Beijing. World Bank supports China's wastewater treatment

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (1999) Wastewater technology fact sheet sequencing batch reactors. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D. C., 832 F-99-073

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (2011) Principles of design and operations of wastewater treatment pond systems for plant operators, engineers, and managers. EPA 600-R-11-088. Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati

Toole GO, Kaplan HB, Kolter R (2000) Biofilms formation as a microbial development. Annu Rev Microbiol 54:49–79CrossRef

UK Essays. (2018). the history of oxidation ponds. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/engineering/the-history-about-oxidation-ponds.php?vref=1

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA-2002), Wastewater Technology Factsheet, Anaerobic Lagoons

Urban waters Bengaluru (2017) http://bengaluru.urbanwaters.in/how-to-treat-wastewater-at-home-174/

USEPA-2002, Wastewater technologies fact sheet: anaerobic Lagoons, office of water EPA 832-F-02-009, September 2002

Van Lier JB (2008) High-rate anaerobic wastewater treatment: diversifying from end-of-the-pipe treatment to resource-oriented conversion techniques. Water Sci Technol 57:1137–1148CrossRef

Vergara-López S, Domínguez MC, Conejo MC, Pascual Á, Rodríguez-Baño J (2013) Wastewater drainage system as an occult reservoir in a protracted clonal outbreak due to metallo-β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella oxytoca. Clin Microbiol Infect 19(11):E490–E498. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12288CrossRef

Verhoeven JTA, Beltman B, Bobbink R, Whigham DF (2006) Wetlands and natural resource management. Springer, New YorkCrossRef

Visbeck M (2018) Ocean science research is key for a sustainable future. Nat Commun 9(1):690CrossRef

Tare V (2011) Sewage Treatment in Class I Towns Recommendations and Guidelines. 003_GBP_IIT_EQP_S&R_02_Ver 1_Dec 2010

Waleed M (2007) Cost analysis of trickling-filtration and activated-sludge plants for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Research Gate

Wang LK (2005) Waste treatment in the process industries. CRC Press, Boca RatonCrossRef

Wang J, Huang Y, Zhao X (2004) Performance and characteristics of an anaerobic baffled reactor. Biores Technol 93(2):205–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2003.06.004CrossRef

Warsinger DM (2018) A review of polymeric membranes and processes for potable water reuse. Prog Polym Sci 81:209–237CrossRef

Webster C (1962) The sewers of Mohenjo-Daro. J Water Pollut Con F 34:116–123

Wen L, Recknagel F (2002) In situ removal of dissolved phosphorus in irrigation drainage water by planted floats: preliminary results from growth chamber experiment. Agric Ecosyst Environ 90(1):9–15CrossRef

Wintgens T, Yusong L, Kazner C (2013) Water resource and industry. Water Resour Ind. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2013.08.001CrossRef

Yasar A, Tabinda AB (2009) Anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater by UASB reactor integrated with chemical oxidation process: an overview. Pol J Environ Stud 19(5):1051–1061

Yeh AC, Lu C, Lin M (1997) Performance of an anaerobic rotating biological contactor: effects of flow rate and influent organic strength. Water Res 31(6):1251–1260CrossRef

Title: A critical review of conventional and emerging wastewater treatment technologies
Authors: Ravindra Sangamnere
Tavishi Misra
Hemant Bherwani
Atya Kapley
Rakesh Kumar
Publication date: 01-04-2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Published in: Sustainable Water Resources Management / Issue 2/2023
Print ISSN: 2363-5037
Electronic ISSN: 2363-5045
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-00829-y

Springer Professional

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 2/2023

Appraisal of groundwater quality variation in the rural–urban division: a case study of Barrackpore sub-division, West Bengal

Assessment of future water demand in a semiarid region of Turkey: a case study of Tahtali–Seferihisar Basin

Complex and worrying questions to Meghalaya’s water crisis

Application of novel organic acid-modified biosorbent in the sequestration of aqueous zinc ion

Performance evaluation of hydrological model in simulating streamflow and water balance analysis: spatiotemporal calibration and validation in the upper Awash sub-basin in Ethiopia

Traditional value and its function in managing modern irrigation system in West Sumatra Indonesia