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Social Indicators Research
Published in: Social Indicators Research 1-2/2019

24-03-2018

A Network-Based Measure of the Socio-Economic Roots of the Migration Flows

Authors: Roy Cerqueti, Gian Paolo Clemente, Rosanna Grassi

Published in: Social Indicators Research | Issue 1-2/2019

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Abstract

This paper provides a unified view for defining a measure of the reasons behind migration flows whose nature is of social and economic type. To this aim, worldwide migration flows are here presented in the context of complex network and a related socio-economic indicator is conceptualized. The ingredients of the indicator also include the economic strengths of the countries and how they behave in terms of community structure, where “community” has to be intended in the sense of how countries interact in terms of immigration and emigration. Empirical analyses on a wide set of real data validate the theoretical framework, hence giving a paramount quantitative view of the roots of the worldwide migration flows.
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Footnotes
1
The standard classification of UN comprises 193 member states and 2 countries that are non-member observes states (Holy See and State of Palestine). Therefore, this classification considers the 195 independent countries in the world.
 
2
A “dependent territory” is a territory that is not fully independent or sovereign. Dependent territories belong to a sovereign state, and are dependent on that state to some degree. There are varying degrees and forms of such a dependence. Several islands and territories depending on Australia, Denmark, France, Netherland, United Kingdom, United States of America, New Zealand are here considered separately.
 
3
Hong Kong and Macau are examples of special sovereignty.
 
4
Examples are self-governing state in free association, as Niue and Cook Island that are in free association with New Zealand.
 
5
The alternative clustering coefficient proposed in Clemente and Grassi (2018) cannot be used for our purpose being equal to one for complete graphs.
 
6
We did not use the classical grouping based on quartiles in order to emphasize differences on the right tail of the distribution.
 
7
According to the U.S Census Bureau, an increase of 12.6 million has been observed since the turn of the century. Immigrants now comprise 13.5% of the U.S. population, roughly one out of eight residents, the highest share in 106 years.
 
8
Immigration has indeed contributed to the demographics and the history of this South American nation. This country has been characterized by different flows of immigration over time from Europe, South America, North and Central America, North Africa and Asia and Sub-Saharian Africa. Today, continuing economic growth and reconsolidated political stability have positioned Chile as an emerging country of destination.
 
9
For instance, since 2010 Brazil is home to 4251 refugees from 76 different nationalities.
 
10
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Treaty is a multilateral agreement signed by the member states that made up the Economic Community of West African States. Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo have accordingly agreed to a Revised Treaty of 24th July, 1993
 
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Metadata
Title
A Network-Based Measure of the Socio-Economic Roots of the Migration Flows
Authors
Roy Cerqueti
Gian Paolo Clemente
Rosanna Grassi
Publication date
24-03-2018
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Social Indicators Research / Issue 1-2/2019
Print ISSN: 0303-8300
Electronic ISSN: 1573-0921
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1883-6

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