Skip to main content
Top
Published in: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 5-8/2019

04-07-2019 | ORIGINAL ARTICLE

A rapid method for grain growth of Ti6Al4V alloy and its machinability

Authors: Zejia Zhao, Suet To, Wai Sze Yip, Zhuoxuan Zhuang

Published in: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology | Issue 5-8/2019

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

A rapid method for grain growth of Ti6Al4V alloys induced by electropulsing treatment (EPT) was proposed in this study. The results show that the initial β grains could reach about 0.5 mm after EPT of 20 s, and the dramatic grain growth rate is attributed to the high atom diffusion and large driving force caused by the thermal and athermal effects of EPT. Grains stop coarsening as the average grain size reaches about 2.0 mm, even though the electropulsing duration is as long as 15 min. Driving force reduction and solute drag effect supposedly result in the grain growth stagnation. The corrosion and wear resistance of the large crystal alloy with martensites are improved compared with the as-received alloy. Besides, machinability of Ti6Al4V alloys with equiaxial α/β phase and large crystal with martensites was investigated via ultraprecision diamond turning. Though the cutting force of the alloy with large crystals varies with the martensitic orientations, the average cutting force and surface roughness were smaller than that of the as-received alloy.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Hall E (1951) The deformation and ageing of mild steel: III discussion of results. Proceedings of the Physical Society Section B 64:747–753CrossRef Hall E (1951) The deformation and ageing of mild steel: III discussion of results. Proceedings of the Physical Society Section B 64:747–753CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Petch NJ (1953) The cleavage strengh of polycrystals. J Iron Steel I 174:25–28 Petch NJ (1953) The cleavage strengh of polycrystals. J Iron Steel I 174:25–28
3.
go back to reference Zhang Y, Xu Y, Liu H, Li C, Cao G, Liu Z, Wang G (2012) Microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of strip-cast 1.3% Si non-oriented electrical steels. J Magn Magn Mater 324:3328–3333CrossRef Zhang Y, Xu Y, Liu H, Li C, Cao G, Liu Z, Wang G (2012) Microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of strip-cast 1.3% Si non-oriented electrical steels. J Magn Magn Mater 324:3328–3333CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Mordike B, Ebert T (2001) Magnesium: properties—applications—potential. Mater Sci Eng A 302:37–45CrossRef Mordike B, Ebert T (2001) Magnesium: properties—applications—potential. Mater Sci Eng A 302:37–45CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Humphreys FJ, Hatherly M (2012) Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena. Elsevier Humphreys FJ, Hatherly M (2012) Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena. Elsevier
6.
go back to reference Gottstein G, Shvindlerman LS (2009) Grain boundary migration in metals: thermodynamics, kinetics, applications. CRC press Gottstein G, Shvindlerman LS (2009) Grain boundary migration in metals: thermodynamics, kinetics, applications. CRC press
7.
go back to reference Harun A, Holm EA, Clode MP, Miodownik MA (2006) On computer simulation methods to model Zener pinning. Acta Mater 54:3261–3273CrossRef Harun A, Holm EA, Clode MP, Miodownik MA (2006) On computer simulation methods to model Zener pinning. Acta Mater 54:3261–3273CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Payton E, Wang G, Mills M, Wang Y (2013) Effect of initial grain size on grain coarsening in the presence of an unstable population of pinning particles. Acta Mater 61:1316–1326CrossRef Payton E, Wang G, Mills M, Wang Y (2013) Effect of initial grain size on grain coarsening in the presence of an unstable population of pinning particles. Acta Mater 61:1316–1326CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Xue C, Zeng W, Xu B, Liang X, Zhang J, Li S (2012) B2 grain growth and particle pinning effect of Ti-22Al-25Nb orthorhombic intermetallic alloy during heating process. Intermetallics 29:41–47CrossRef Xue C, Zeng W, Xu B, Liang X, Zhang J, Li S (2012) B2 grain growth and particle pinning effect of Ti-22Al-25Nb orthorhombic intermetallic alloy during heating process. Intermetallics 29:41–47CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Robson J, Henry D, Davis B (2011) Particle effects on recrystallization in magnesium–manganese alloys: particle pinning. Mater Sci Eng A 528:4239–4247CrossRef Robson J, Henry D, Davis B (2011) Particle effects on recrystallization in magnesium–manganese alloys: particle pinning. Mater Sci Eng A 528:4239–4247CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Fedoseeva A, Dudova N, Kaibyshev R (2017) Creep behavior and microstructure of a 9Cr–3Co–3W martensitic steel. J Mater Sci 52:2974–2988CrossRef Fedoseeva A, Dudova N, Kaibyshev R (2017) Creep behavior and microstructure of a 9Cr–3Co–3W martensitic steel. J Mater Sci 52:2974–2988CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Bugnet M, Kula A, Niewczas M, Botton G (2014) Segregation and clustering of solutes at grain boundaries in mg–rare earth solid solutions. Acta Mater 79:66–73CrossRef Bugnet M, Kula A, Niewczas M, Botton G (2014) Segregation and clustering of solutes at grain boundaries in mg–rare earth solid solutions. Acta Mater 79:66–73CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Tan X, Kok Y, Toh WQ, Tan YJ, Descoins M, Mangelinck D, Tor SB, Leong KF, Chua CK (2016) Revealing martensitic transformation and α/β interface evolution in electron beam melting three-dimensional-printed Ti-6Al-4V. Sci Rep 6:26039CrossRef Tan X, Kok Y, Toh WQ, Tan YJ, Descoins M, Mangelinck D, Tor SB, Leong KF, Chua CK (2016) Revealing martensitic transformation and α/β interface evolution in electron beam melting three-dimensional-printed Ti-6Al-4V. Sci Rep 6:26039CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Wang J, Yang P, Mao W (2017) Retention and evolution of texture in an electrical steel under vacuum annealing. J Mater Sci 52:5462–5473CrossRef Wang J, Yang P, Mao W (2017) Retention and evolution of texture in an electrical steel under vacuum annealing. J Mater Sci 52:5462–5473CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Mullins W (1958) The effect of thermal grooving on grain boundary motion. Acta Metall 6:414–427CrossRef Mullins W (1958) The effect of thermal grooving on grain boundary motion. Acta Metall 6:414–427CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Thompson CV (1990) Grain growth in thin films. Annu Rev Mater Sci 20:245–268CrossRef Thompson CV (1990) Grain growth in thin films. Annu Rev Mater Sci 20:245–268CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Holm EA, Foiles SM (2010) How grain growth stops: a mechanism for grain-growth stagnation in pure materials. Science 328:1138–1141CrossRef Holm EA, Foiles SM (2010) How grain growth stops: a mechanism for grain-growth stagnation in pure materials. Science 328:1138–1141CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Jiang Y, Tang G, Shek C, Zhu Y, Xu Z (2009) On the thermodynamics and kinetics of electropulsing induced dissolution of β-Mg17Al12 phase in an aged mg–9Al–1Zn alloy. Acta Mater 57:4797–4808CrossRef Jiang Y, Tang G, Shek C, Zhu Y, Xu Z (2009) On the thermodynamics and kinetics of electropulsing induced dissolution of β-Mg17Al12 phase in an aged mg–9Al–1Zn alloy. Acta Mater 57:4797–4808CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Zhu Y, To S, Lee W, Liu X, Jiang Y, Tang G (2009) Effects of dynamic electropulsing on microstructure and elongation of a Zn–Al alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 501:125–132CrossRef Zhu Y, To S, Lee W, Liu X, Jiang Y, Tang G (2009) Effects of dynamic electropulsing on microstructure and elongation of a Zn–Al alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 501:125–132CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Xiao H, Zhang K, Shi C, Lu Z, Jiang J (2019) Influence of electropulsing treatment combined with pre-deformation on ageing behavior and mechanical properties of 5A90 Al-Li alloy. J Alloys Compd 784:1234–1247CrossRef Xiao H, Zhang K, Shi C, Lu Z, Jiang J (2019) Influence of electropulsing treatment combined with pre-deformation on ageing behavior and mechanical properties of 5A90 Al-Li alloy. J Alloys Compd 784:1234–1247CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Wu HB, S. To (2016) Effects of electropulsing treatment on material properties and ultra-precision machining of titanium alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 82:2029–2036CrossRef Wu HB, S. To (2016) Effects of electropulsing treatment on material properties and ultra-precision machining of titanium alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 82:2029–2036CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Ao D, Chu X, Yang Y, Lin S, Gao J (2018) Effect of electropulsing treatment on microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheet under argon gas protection. Vacuum 148:230–238CrossRef Ao D, Chu X, Yang Y, Lin S, Gao J (2018) Effect of electropulsing treatment on microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheet under argon gas protection. Vacuum 148:230–238CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Wang H, Song G, Tang G (2016) Evolution of surface mechanical properties and microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy induced by electropulsing-assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process. J Alloys Compd 681:146–156CrossRef Wang H, Song G, Tang G (2016) Evolution of surface mechanical properties and microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy induced by electropulsing-assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process. J Alloys Compd 681:146–156CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Lou Y, Wu H (2017) Improving machinability of titanium alloy by electro-pulsing treatment in ultra-precision machining. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 93:2299–2304CrossRef Lou Y, Wu H (2017) Improving machinability of titanium alloy by electro-pulsing treatment in ultra-precision machining. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 93:2299–2304CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Rodgers TM, Madison JD, Tikare V (2017) Simulation of metal additive manufacturing microstructures using kinetic Monte Carlo. Comput Mater Sci 135:78–89CrossRef Rodgers TM, Madison JD, Tikare V (2017) Simulation of metal additive manufacturing microstructures using kinetic Monte Carlo. Comput Mater Sci 135:78–89CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Ivasishin O, Semiatin S, Markovsky P, Shevchenko S, Ulshin S (2002) Grain growth and texture evolution in Ti–6Al–4V during beta annealing under continuous heating conditions. Mater Sci Eng A 337:88–96CrossRef Ivasishin O, Semiatin S, Markovsky P, Shevchenko S, Ulshin S (2002) Grain growth and texture evolution in Ti–6Al–4V during beta annealing under continuous heating conditions. Mater Sci Eng A 337:88–96CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Okazaki K, Kagawa M, Conrad H (1980) An evaluation of the contributions of skin, pinch and heating effects to the electroplastic effect in titatnium. Mater Sci Eng 45:109–116CrossRef Okazaki K, Kagawa M, Conrad H (1980) An evaluation of the contributions of skin, pinch and heating effects to the electroplastic effect in titatnium. Mater Sci Eng 45:109–116CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Bergman TL, Incropera FP, DeWitt DP, Lavine AS (2011) Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer. John Wiley & Sons Bergman TL, Incropera FP, DeWitt DP, Lavine AS (2011) Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer. John Wiley & Sons
29.
go back to reference Howell JR, Menguc MP, Siegel R (2010) Thermal radiation heat transfer. CRC press Howell JR, Menguc MP, Siegel R (2010) Thermal radiation heat transfer. CRC press
30.
go back to reference Conrad H (2000) Effects of electric current on solid state phase transformations in metals. Mater Sci Eng A 287:227–237CrossRef Conrad H (2000) Effects of electric current on solid state phase transformations in metals. Mater Sci Eng A 287:227–237CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Gesztelyi R, Zsuga J, Kemeny-Beke A, Varga B, Juhasz B, Tosaki A (2012) The Hill equation and the origin of quantitative pharmacology. Arch Hist Exact Sci 66:427–438CrossRef Gesztelyi R, Zsuga J, Kemeny-Beke A, Varga B, Juhasz B, Tosaki A (2012) The Hill equation and the origin of quantitative pharmacology. Arch Hist Exact Sci 66:427–438CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Huang Y, Humphreys F (1999) Measurements of grain boundary mobility during recrystallization of a single-phase aluminium alloy. Acta Mater 47:2259–2268CrossRef Huang Y, Humphreys F (1999) Measurements of grain boundary mobility during recrystallization of a single-phase aluminium alloy. Acta Mater 47:2259–2268CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Orhan N, Aksoy M, Eroglu M (1999) A new model for diffusion bonding and its application to duplex alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 271:458–468CrossRef Orhan N, Aksoy M, Eroglu M (1999) A new model for diffusion bonding and its application to duplex alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 271:458–468CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Dai D, Gu D (2016) Influence of thermodynamics within molten pool on migration and distribution state of reinforcement during selective laser melting of AlN/AlSi10Mg composites. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 100:14–24CrossRef Dai D, Gu D (2016) Influence of thermodynamics within molten pool on migration and distribution state of reinforcement during selective laser melting of AlN/AlSi10Mg composites. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 100:14–24CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Fonda P, Wang Z, Yamazaki K, Akutsu Y (2008) A fundamental study on Ti–6Al–4V’s thermal and electrical properties and their relation to EDM productivity. J Mater Process Technol 202:583–589CrossRef Fonda P, Wang Z, Yamazaki K, Akutsu Y (2008) A fundamental study on Ti–6Al–4V’s thermal and electrical properties and their relation to EDM productivity. J Mater Process Technol 202:583–589CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Jiang Z, Yang H, Zhan M, Xu X, Li G (2010) Coupling effects of material properties and the bending angle on the springback angle of a titanium alloy tube during numerically controlled bending. Mater Des 31:2001–2010CrossRef Jiang Z, Yang H, Zhan M, Xu X, Li G (2010) Coupling effects of material properties and the bending angle on the springback angle of a titanium alloy tube during numerically controlled bending. Mater Des 31:2001–2010CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Kusama T, Omori T, Saito T, Kise S, Tanaka T, Araki Y, Kainuma R (2017) Ultra-large single crystals by abnormal grain growth. Nat Commun 8:354CrossRef Kusama T, Omori T, Saito T, Kise S, Tanaka T, Araki Y, Kainuma R (2017) Ultra-large single crystals by abnormal grain growth. Nat Commun 8:354CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Gil F, Planell J (2000) Behaviour of normal grain growth kinetics in single phase titanium and titanium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 283:17–24CrossRef Gil F, Planell J (2000) Behaviour of normal grain growth kinetics in single phase titanium and titanium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 283:17–24CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Sargent P, Ashby M (1982) Deformation maps for titanium and zirconium. Scr Metall 16:1415–1422CrossRef Sargent P, Ashby M (1982) Deformation maps for titanium and zirconium. Scr Metall 16:1415–1422CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Kabir ASH, Cao X, Gholipour J, Wanjara P, Cuddy J, Birur A, Medraj M (2012) Effect of postweld heat treatment on microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties of laser-welded Ti-6Al-4V. Metall Mater Trans A 43:4171–4184CrossRef Kabir ASH, Cao X, Gholipour J, Wanjara P, Cuddy J, Birur A, Medraj M (2012) Effect of postweld heat treatment on microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties of laser-welded Ti-6Al-4V. Metall Mater Trans A 43:4171–4184CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Zhao Z, S. To, Sun Z, Ji R, Yu KM (2019) Microstructural effects of Ti6Al4V alloys modified by electropulsing treatment on ultraprecision diamond turning. J Manuf Process 39:58–68CrossRef Zhao Z, S. To, Sun Z, Ji R, Yu KM (2019) Microstructural effects of Ti6Al4V alloys modified by electropulsing treatment on ultraprecision diamond turning. J Manuf Process 39:58–68CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Zhao Z, S. To (2018) An investigation of resolved shear stress on activation of slip systems during ultraprecision rotary cutting of local anisotropic Ti-6Al-4V alloy: models and experiments. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 134:69–78CrossRef Zhao Z, S. To (2018) An investigation of resolved shear stress on activation of slip systems during ultraprecision rotary cutting of local anisotropic Ti-6Al-4V alloy: models and experiments. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 134:69–78CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Zhao Y, Peng L, Lai X (2018) Influence of the electric pulse on springback during stretch U-bending of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy sheets. J Mater Process Technol 261:12–23CrossRef Zhao Y, Peng L, Lai X (2018) Influence of the electric pulse on springback during stretch U-bending of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy sheets. J Mater Process Technol 261:12–23CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Zareena A, Veldhuis S (2012) Tool wear mechanisms and tool life enhancement in ultra-precision machining of titanium. J Mater Process Technol 212:560–570CrossRef Zareena A, Veldhuis S (2012) Tool wear mechanisms and tool life enhancement in ultra-precision machining of titanium. J Mater Process Technol 212:560–570CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Durairaj S, Guo J, Aramcharoen A, Castagne S (2018) An experimental study into the effect of micro-textures on the performance of cutting tool. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 98:1011–1030CrossRef Durairaj S, Guo J, Aramcharoen A, Castagne S (2018) An experimental study into the effect of micro-textures on the performance of cutting tool. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 98:1011–1030CrossRef
Metadata
Title
A rapid method for grain growth of Ti6Al4V alloy and its machinability
Authors
Zejia Zhao
Suet To
Wai Sze Yip
Zhuoxuan Zhuang
Publication date
04-07-2019
Publisher
Springer London
Published in
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology / Issue 5-8/2019
Print ISSN: 0268-3768
Electronic ISSN: 1433-3015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03723-0

Other articles of this Issue 5-8/2019

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 5-8/2019 Go to the issue

Premium Partners