Skip to main content
Top

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

A Review of Technologies for Conversational Systems

Authors : Julia Masche, Nguyen-Thinh Le

Published in: Advanced Computational Methods for Knowledge Engineering

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

During the last 50 years, since the development of ELIZA by Weizenbaum, technologies for developing conversational systems have made a great stride. The number of conversational systems is increasing. Conversational systems emerge almost in every digital device in many application areas. In this paper, we present the review of the development of conversational systems regarding technologies and their special features including language tricks.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
go back to reference Abdul-Kader, S.A., Woods, J.: Survey on Chatbot design techniques in speech conversation systems. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 6(7), 72–80 (2015) Abdul-Kader, S.A., Woods, J.: Survey on Chatbot design techniques in speech conversation systems. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 6(7), 72–80 (2015)
go back to reference Agostaro, F., Augello, A., Pilato, G., Vassallo, G., Gaglio, S.: A conversational agent based on a conceptual interpretation of a data driven semantic space. In: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. LNCS, vol. 3673, pp. 381–392 (2005) Agostaro, F., Augello, A., Pilato, G., Vassallo, G., Gaglio, S.: A conversational agent based on a conceptual interpretation of a data driven semantic space. In: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. LNCS, vol. 3673, pp. 381–392 (2005)
go back to reference Alexander, S., Sarrafzadeh, A., Hill, S.: Easy with eve: a functional affective tutoring system. In: Rebolledo-Mendez, G., Martinez-Miron, E. (eds.) Workshop on Motivational and Affective Issues in ITS held at the 8th International Conference on ITS, pp. 38–45 (2006) Alexander, S., Sarrafzadeh, A., Hill, S.: Easy with eve: a functional affective tutoring system. In: Rebolledo-Mendez, G., Martinez-Miron, E. (eds.) Workshop on Motivational and Affective Issues in ITS held at the 8th International Conference on ITS, pp. 38–45 (2006)
go back to reference Alencar, M., Netto, J.M.: In Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference (2011) Alencar, M., Netto, J.M.: In Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference (2011)
go back to reference Amilon, M.: Chatbot with common-sense database. Bachelor’s thesis in Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden (2015) Amilon, M.: Chatbot with common-sense database. Bachelor’s thesis in Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden (2015)
go back to reference Augello, A., Saccone, G., Gaglio, S., Pilato, G.: Humorist bot: bringing computational humour in a Chat-Bot system. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (2008) Augello, A., Saccone, G., Gaglio, S., Pilato, G.: Humorist bot: bringing computational humour in a Chat-Bot system. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (2008)
go back to reference Ayedoun, E., Hayashi, Y., Seta, K.: A conversational agent to encourage willingness to communicate in the context of english as a foreign language. J. Procedia Comput. Sci. 60, 1433–1442 (2015). ScienceDirectCrossRef Ayedoun, E., Hayashi, Y., Seta, K.: A conversational agent to encourage willingness to communicate in the context of english as a foreign language. J. Procedia Comput. Sci. 60, 1433–1442 (2015). ScienceDirectCrossRef
go back to reference Batacharia, B., Levy, D., Catizone, R., Krotov, A., Wilks, Y.: CONVERSE: a conversational companion. In: Wilks, Y. (ed.) Machine Conversations. The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 511. Springer, Heidelberg (1997) Batacharia, B., Levy, D., Catizone, R., Krotov, A., Wilks, Y.: CONVERSE: a conversational companion. In: Wilks, Y. (ed.) Machine Conversations. The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 511. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)
go back to reference Bennacef, S., Devillers, L., Rosset, S., Lamel, L.: Dialog in the RAILTEL Telephone-Based System (1996) Bennacef, S., Devillers, L., Rosset, S., Lamel, L.: Dialog in the RAILTEL Telephone-Based System (1996)
go back to reference Berger, M.: Modelling of Natural Dialogues in the Context of Speech-based Information and Control Systems. Ph.D. dissertation submitted to Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. AKA. IOS Press (2014) Berger, M.: Modelling of Natural Dialogues in the Context of Speech-based Information and Control Systems. Ph.D. dissertation submitted to Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. AKA. IOS Press (2014)
go back to reference Bickmore, T., Cassell, J.: “How about this weather?” Social Dialogue with Embodied Conversational Agents. American Association for Artificial Intelligence (2000) Bickmore, T., Cassell, J.: “How about this weather?” Social Dialogue with Embodied Conversational Agents. American Association for Artificial Intelligence (2000)
go back to reference Biswas, G., Schwartz, D., Leelawong, K., Vye, N., TAG-V: Learning by teaching a new agent paradigm for educational software. Int. J. Appl. Artif. Intell. 19(3–4) (2005) Biswas, G., Schwartz, D., Leelawong, K., Vye, N., TAG-V: Learning by teaching a new agent paradigm for educational software. Int. J. Appl. Artif. Intell. 19(3–4) (2005)
go back to reference Bogatu, A., Rotarescu, T., Rebedea, T., Ruseti, S.: Conversational Agent that Models a Historical Personality (2015) Bogatu, A., Rotarescu, T., Rebedea, T., Ruseti, S.: Conversational Agent that Models a Historical Personality (2015)
go back to reference Bouchet, F., Harley, J.M., Azevedo, R.: Impact of different pedagogical agents’ adaptive self-regulated prompting strategies on learning with MetaTutor. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 815–819 (2013) Bouchet, F., Harley, J.M., Azevedo, R.: Impact of different pedagogical agents’ adaptive self-regulated prompting strategies on learning with MetaTutor. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 815–819 (2013)
go back to reference Bradeško, L., Mladenić, D.: A survey of chabot systems through a Loebner prize competition. Artificial Intelligence laboratory, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana Slovenia (2012) Bradeško, L., Mladenić, D.: A survey of chabot systems through a Loebner prize competition. Artificial Intelligence laboratory, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana Slovenia (2012)
go back to reference Branchs, R.F., Li, H.: IRIS: a chat-oriented dialogue system based on the vector space model. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 37–42. Association for Computational Linguistics (2012) Branchs, R.F., Li, H.: IRIS: a chat-oriented dialogue system based on the vector space model. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 37–42. Association for Computational Linguistics (2012)
go back to reference Comendador, B.E.V., Francisco, B.M.B., Medenilla, J.F., Nacion, S.M.T., Serac, T.B.E.: Pharmabot: a pediatric generic medicine consultant Chatbot. J. Autom. Control Eng. 3(2), 137–140 (2015)CrossRef Comendador, B.E.V., Francisco, B.M.B., Medenilla, J.F., Nacion, S.M.T., Serac, T.B.E.: Pharmabot: a pediatric generic medicine consultant Chatbot. J. Autom. Control Eng. 3(2), 137–140 (2015)CrossRef
go back to reference das Graças Bruno Marietto, M., de Aguiar, R.V., de Oliveira Barbosa, G., Botelho, W.T., Pimentel, E., dos Santos Franca, R., da Silva, V.L.: Artificial intelligence markup language: a brief tutorial (2013) das Graças Bruno Marietto, M., de Aguiar, R.V., de Oliveira Barbosa, G., Botelho, W.T., Pimentel, E., dos Santos Franca, R., da Silva, V.L.: Artificial intelligence markup language: a brief tutorial (2013)
go back to reference Dingli, A., Scerri, D.: Dialog systems and their inputs. In: HCI International 2013 - Posters’ Extended Abstracts. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 374, pp. 601–605 (2013) Dingli, A., Scerri, D.: Dialog systems and their inputs. In: HCI International 2013 - Posters’ Extended Abstracts. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 374, pp. 601–605 (2013)
go back to reference Doering, A., Veletsianos, G., Yerasimou, T.: Conversational agents and their longitudinal affordances on communication and interaction. J. Interact. Learn. Res. 19(2), 251–270 (2008). AACE Doering, A., Veletsianos, G., Yerasimou, T.: Conversational agents and their longitudinal affordances on communication and interaction. J. Interact. Learn. Res. 19(2), 251–270 (2008). AACE
go back to reference Eugene: Turing Test Sucess Marks Milestone in Computing History (2014). Accessed 08 Dec 2016 Eugene: Turing Test Sucess Marks Milestone in Computing History (2014). Accessed 08 Dec 2016
go back to reference Feng, D., Shaw, E., Kim, J., Hovy, E.: An intelligent discussion-bot for answering student queries in threaded discussions. Interaction Challenges for Intelligent Assistants, Papers from the 2007 AAAI Spring Symposium, Technical report SS-07-04 (2007) Feng, D., Shaw, E., Kim, J., Hovy, E.: An intelligent discussion-bot for answering student queries in threaded discussions. Interaction Challenges for Intelligent Assistants, Papers from the 2007 AAAI Spring Symposium, Technical report SS-07-04 (2007)
go back to reference Ferguson, G., Allen, J., Miller, B.: TRAINS-95: towards a mixed-initiative planning assistant. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems, pp. 70–77. AAAI (1996) Ferguson, G., Allen, J., Miller, B.: TRAINS-95: towards a mixed-initiative planning assistant. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems, pp. 70–77. AAAI (1996)
go back to reference Forsyth, C.M., Graesser, A.C., Pavlik Jr., P., Cai, Z., Butler, H., Halpern, D., Millis, K.: Operation ARIES!: methods, mystery, and mixed models: discourse features predict affect in a serious game. J. Educ. Data Min. 5(1), 147–189 (2013) Forsyth, C.M., Graesser, A.C., Pavlik Jr., P., Cai, Z., Butler, H., Halpern, D., Millis, K.: Operation ARIES!: methods, mystery, and mixed models: discourse features predict affect in a serious game. J. Educ. Data Min. 5(1), 147–189 (2013)
go back to reference Galibert, O., Illouz, G., Rosset, S.: Ritel: an open-domain, human-computer dialog system. In: Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (2005) Galibert, O., Illouz, G., Rosset, S.: Ritel: an open-domain, human-computer dialog system. In: Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (2005)
go back to reference Garner, R.: The idea of FRED. ALMA-Scores of the Unfinished Thought, Issue 1 (1996) Garner, R.: The idea of FRED. ALMA-Scores of the Unfinished Thought, Issue 1 (1996)
go back to reference Graesser, A.C., Wiemer-Hastings, K., Wiemer-Hastings, P., Kreuz, R.: AutoTutor: a simulation of a human tutor. J. Cogn. Syst. Res. 1, 35–51 (1999). Oden, G.C. (ed.)CrossRef Graesser, A.C., Wiemer-Hastings, K., Wiemer-Hastings, P., Kreuz, R.: AutoTutor: a simulation of a human tutor. J. Cogn. Syst. Res. 1, 35–51 (1999). Oden, G.C. (ed.)CrossRef
go back to reference Harley, J.M., Bouchet, F., Papaioannou, N., Carter, C., Trevors, G., Feyzi-Beghnagh, R., Azevedo, R., Landis, R.S.: Assessing learning with MetaTutor, a multi-agent hypermedia learning environment. In: Symposium on Innovative Practices for Assessing Learning in Computer Based Learning Environments, American Educational Research Association (2014) Harley, J.M., Bouchet, F., Papaioannou, N., Carter, C., Trevors, G., Feyzi-Beghnagh, R., Azevedo, R., Landis, R.S.: Assessing learning with MetaTutor, a multi-agent hypermedia learning environment. In: Symposium on Innovative Practices for Assessing Learning in Computer Based Learning Environments, American Educational Research Association (2014)
go back to reference Higashinaka, R., Imamura, K., Meguro, T., Miyazaki, C., Kobayashi, N., Sugiyama, H., Hirano, T., Makino, T., Matsuo, Y.: Towards an open-domain conversational system fully based on natural language processing. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp. 928–939 (2014) Higashinaka, R., Imamura, K., Meguro, T., Miyazaki, C., Kobayashi, N., Sugiyama, H., Hirano, T., Makino, T., Matsuo, Y.: Towards an open-domain conversational system fully based on natural language processing. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp. 928–939 (2014)
go back to reference Hutchens, J.L.: How to Pass the Turing Test by Cheating (1997) Hutchens, J.L.: How to Pass the Turing Test by Cheating (1997)
go back to reference Hutchens, J.L., Alder, M.D.: Introducing MegaHal. In: Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 271–274 (1998) Hutchens, J.L., Alder, M.D.: Introducing MegaHal. In: Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 271–274 (1998)
go back to reference Jackermeier, R.: Analyse von Chatbot-Beschreibungssprachen AIML 2.0 im Vergleich zu ChatScript und Cleverscript (2015) Jackermeier, R.: Analyse von Chatbot-Beschreibungssprachen AIML 2.0 im Vergleich zu ChatScript und Cleverscript (2015)
go back to reference Kenny, P.G., Parsons, T.D.: Embodied conversational virtual patients. In: Perez-Marin, D., Pascual-Nieto, I. (eds.) Conversational Agents and Natural Language Interaction: Techniques and Effective Practices (2011) Kenny, P.G., Parsons, T.D.: Embodied conversational virtual patients. In: Perez-Marin, D., Pascual-Nieto, I. (eds.) Conversational Agents and Natural Language Interaction: Techniques and Effective Practices (2011)
go back to reference Kerly, A., Ellis, R., Bull, S.: CALMsystem: a conversational agent for learner modelling. In: Proceedings of AI-2007, 27th SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 89–102. Springer (2007) Kerly, A., Ellis, R., Bull, S.: CALMsystem: a conversational agent for learner modelling. In: Proceedings of AI-2007, 27th SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 89–102. Springer (2007)
go back to reference Kim, Y., Wei, Q., Xu, B., Ko, Y., Ilieva, V.: MathGirls: toward developing girls’ positive attitude and self-efficacy through pedagogical agents. In: Luckin, R., Koedinger, K.R., Greer, J. (eds.) Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work, vol. 158, pp. 119–126. IOS Press (2007) Kim, Y., Wei, Q., Xu, B., Ko, Y., Ilieva, V.: MathGirls: toward developing girls’ positive attitude and self-efficacy through pedagogical agents. In: Luckin, R., Koedinger, K.R., Greer, J. (eds.) Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work, vol. 158, pp. 119–126. IOS Press (2007)
go back to reference Klüwer, T.: From Chatbots to Dialog Systems. In: Perez-Marin, D., Pascual-Nieto, I. (eds.) Conversational Agents and Natural Language Interaction: Techniques and Effective Practices (2011) Klüwer, T.: From Chatbots to Dialog Systems. In: Perez-Marin, D., Pascual-Nieto, I. (eds.) Conversational Agents and Natural Language Interaction: Techniques and Effective Practices (2011)
go back to reference Kopp, S., Gesellensetter, L., Krämer, N.C., Wachsmuth, I.: A Conversational Agent as Museum Guide – Design and Evaluation of a Real-World Application (2005) Kopp, S., Gesellensetter, L., Krämer, N.C., Wachsmuth, I.: A Conversational Agent as Museum Guide – Design and Evaluation of a Real-World Application (2005)
go back to reference Lasguido, N., Sakti, S., Neubig, G., Toda, T., Adriani, M., Nakamura S.: Developing non-goal dialog system based on examples of drama television. In: Natural Interaction with Robots, Knowbots and Smartphones, pp. 355–361 (2013) Lasguido, N., Sakti, S., Neubig, G., Toda, T., Adriani, M., Nakamura S.: Developing non-goal dialog system based on examples of drama television. In: Natural Interaction with Robots, Knowbots and Smartphones, pp. 355–361 (2013)
go back to reference Latorre-Navarro, E.M., Harris, J.G.: An intelligent natural language conversational system for academic advising. (IJACSA) Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 6(1), 110–119 (2015) Latorre-Navarro, E.M., Harris, J.G.: An intelligent natural language conversational system for academic advising. (IJACSA) Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 6(1), 110–119 (2015)
go back to reference Leelawong, K., Biswas, G.: Designing learning by teaching agents: the Betty’s brain system. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 18(3), 181–208 (2008) Leelawong, K., Biswas, G.: Designing learning by teaching agents: the Betty’s brain system. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 18(3), 181–208 (2008)
go back to reference Lester, J.C., Converse, S.A., Kahler, S.E., Barlow, S.T., Stone, B.A., Bhogal, R.S.: The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents. In: Proceedings of CHI, pp. 359–366. ACM Press (1997) Lester, J.C., Converse, S.A., Kahler, S.E., Barlow, S.T., Stone, B.A., Bhogal, R.S.: The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents. In: Proceedings of CHI, pp. 359–366. ACM Press (1997)
go back to reference Lester, J., Branting, K., Mott, B.: Conversational agents. In: Singh, M.P. (ed.) The Practical Handbook of Internet Computing. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (2004) Lester, J., Branting, K., Mott, B.: Conversational agents. In: Singh, M.P. (ed.) The Practical Handbook of Internet Computing. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (2004)
go back to reference MacLellan, C.J., Wiese, E.S., Matsuda, N., Koedinger, K.R.: SimStudent: Authoring Expert Models by Tutoring (2014) MacLellan, C.J., Wiese, E.S., Matsuda, N., Koedinger, K.R.: SimStudent: Authoring Expert Models by Tutoring (2014)
go back to reference Mauldin, M.L.: Chatterbots, TinyMuds, and the turing test: entering the Loebner Prize competition. In: Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 1, pp. 16–21. American Association for Artificial Intelligence (1994) Mauldin, M.L.: Chatterbots, TinyMuds, and the turing test: entering the Loebner Prize competition. In: Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 1, pp. 16–21. American Association for Artificial Intelligence (1994)
go back to reference McTear, M.F.: Spoken Dialogue Technology-Toward the Conversational User Interface. Springer, London (2004) CrossRef McTear, M.F.: Spoken Dialogue Technology-Toward the Conversational User Interface. Springer, London (2004) CrossRef
go back to reference Pilato, G., Vassallo, G., Augello, A., Vasile, M., Gaglio, S.: Expert chat-bots for cultural heritage. Intelligenza Artificiale 2, 25–31 (2005) Pilato, G., Vassallo, G., Augello, A., Vasile, M., Gaglio, S.: Expert chat-bots for cultural heritage. Intelligenza Artificiale 2, 25–31 (2005)
go back to reference Planells, J., Hurtado, L., Segarra, E., Sanchis, E.: A multi-domain dialog system to integrate heterogeneous SpokenDialog systems. In: Proceedings of 14th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (2013) Planells, J., Hurtado, L., Segarra, E., Sanchis, E.: A multi-domain dialog system to integrate heterogeneous SpokenDialog systems. In: Proceedings of 14th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (2013)
go back to reference Pradhan, S., Cole, R., Ward, W.: My science tutor: learning science with a conversational virtual tutor. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics - System Demonstrations, pp. 121–126 (2016) Pradhan, S., Cole, R., Ward, W.: My science tutor: learning science with a conversational virtual tutor. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics - System Demonstrations, pp. 121–126 (2016)
go back to reference Ravichandran, G., Reddy, N.M., Shriya G.S.: dBot: AI based conversational agent. Int. J. Sci. Res. (IJSR) (2015). ISSN (Online): 2319-7064, 1277-1279 Ravichandran, G., Reddy, N.M., Shriya G.S.: dBot: AI based conversational agent. Int. J. Sci. Res. (IJSR) (2015). ISSN (Online): 2319-7064, 1277-1279
go back to reference Sarrafzadeh, A., Fourie, L., Kingston, T., Alexander, S.T.V., Overmyer, S., Shanbehzadeh, J.: Eve: an affect-sensitive pedagogical agent. In: Global Business and Technology Association Conference, pp. 573–579 (2014) Sarrafzadeh, A., Fourie, L., Kingston, T., Alexander, S.T.V., Overmyer, S., Shanbehzadeh, J.: Eve: an affect-sensitive pedagogical agent. In: Global Business and Technology Association Conference, pp. 573–579 (2014)
go back to reference Senef, S., Glass, J.G., Hirschmann, L., Polifroni, J.: Development and preliminary evaluation of the MIT ATIS system. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech and Natural Language, pp. 88–93. Association for Computational Linguistics (1991) Senef, S., Glass, J.G., Hirschmann, L., Polifroni, J.: Development and preliminary evaluation of the MIT ATIS system. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech and Natural Language, pp. 88–93. Association for Computational Linguistics (1991)
go back to reference Shawar, B.A., Atwell, E., Roberts, A.: FAQchat as an information retrieval system. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Language and Technology Conference Human Language Technologies as a Challenge, pp. 274–278 (2005) Shawar, B.A., Atwell, E., Roberts, A.: FAQchat as an information retrieval system. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Language and Technology Conference Human Language Technologies as a Challenge, pp. 274–278 (2005)
go back to reference Shibata, T., Egashira, Y., Kurohashi, S.: Chat-like conversational system based on selection of reply generating module with reinforcement learning. In: Proceedings of 5th International Workshop on Spoken Dialog Systems (2014) Shibata, T., Egashira, Y., Kurohashi, S.: Chat-like conversational system based on selection of reply generating module with reinforcement learning. In: Proceedings of 5th International Workshop on Spoken Dialog Systems (2014)
go back to reference Sikorski, T., Allen, J.F.: TRAINS-95 System Evaluation (1996) Sikorski, T., Allen, J.F.: TRAINS-95 System Evaluation (1996)
go back to reference Silvervarg, A., Jönsson, A.: Towards a conversational pedagogical agent capable of affecting attitudes and self-efficacy (2013) Silvervarg, A., Jönsson, A.: Towards a conversational pedagogical agent capable of affecting attitudes and self-efficacy (2013)
go back to reference Toney, D., Rosset, S., Max, A., Galibert, O., Bilinski, E.: An evaluation of spoken and textual interaction in the RITEL interactive question answering system. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (2008) Toney, D., Rosset, S., Max, A., Galibert, O., Bilinski, E.: An evaluation of spoken and textual interaction in the RITEL interactive question answering system. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (2008)
go back to reference Van Rosmalen, P., Eikelboom, J., Bloemers, E., van Winzum, K., Spronck, P.: Towards a game-chatbot: extending the interaction in serious games. In: Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Games Based Learning (2012) Van Rosmalen, P., Eikelboom, J., Bloemers, E., van Winzum, K., Spronck, P.: Towards a game-chatbot: extending the interaction in serious games. In: Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Games Based Learning (2012)
go back to reference Van Woudenberg, A.F.: A Chatbot dialogue manager, Chatbots and dialogue systems: a hybrid approach. Master thesis, Open University of the Netherlands (2014) Van Woudenberg, A.F.: A Chatbot dialogue manager, Chatbots and dialogue systems: a hybrid approach. Master thesis, Open University of the Netherlands (2014)
go back to reference Wallace, R.S.: The elements of AIML style. In: 2003 ALICE A.I. Foundation, Inc. (2003) Wallace, R.S.: The elements of AIML style. In: 2003 ALICE A.I. Foundation, Inc. (2003)
go back to reference Weizenbaum, J.: A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Commun. ACM 9(1), 36–45 (1966)CrossRef Weizenbaum, J.: A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Commun. ACM 9(1), 36–45 (1966)CrossRef
go back to reference Whalen, T.: My experience at Loebner prize, ALMA, Issue 1 (1996) Whalen, T.: My experience at Loebner prize, ALMA, Issue 1 (1996)
go back to reference Wilcox, B., Wilcox, S.: Suzette, the Most Human Computer (2010) Wilcox, B., Wilcox, S.: Suzette, the Most Human Computer (2010)
go back to reference Wilks, Y., Catizone, R., Dingli, A., Cheng, W.: Demonstration of a prototype for a Conversational Companion for reminiscing about images. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (2010) Wilks, Y., Catizone, R., Dingli, A., Cheng, W.: Demonstration of a prototype for a Conversational Companion for reminiscing about images. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (2010)
go back to reference Winograd, T.: Understanding Natural Language. Academic Press, Cambridge (1972) Winograd, T.: Understanding Natural Language. Academic Press, Cambridge (1972)
Metadata
Title
A Review of Technologies for Conversational Systems
Authors
Julia Masche
Nguyen-Thinh Le
Copyright Year
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61911-8_19

Premium Partner