Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

A Review of Technologies for Conversational Systems

verfasst von : Julia Masche, Nguyen-Thinh Le

Erschienen in: Advanced Computational Methods for Knowledge Engineering

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

During the last 50 years, since the development of ELIZA by Weizenbaum, technologies for developing conversational systems have made a great stride. The number of conversational systems is increasing. Conversational systems emerge almost in every digital device in many application areas. In this paper, we present the review of the development of conversational systems regarding technologies and their special features including language tricks.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Abdul-Kader, S.A., Woods, J.: Survey on Chatbot design techniques in speech conversation systems. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 6(7), 72–80 (2015) Abdul-Kader, S.A., Woods, J.: Survey on Chatbot design techniques in speech conversation systems. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 6(7), 72–80 (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat Agostaro, F., Augello, A., Pilato, G., Vassallo, G., Gaglio, S.: A conversational agent based on a conceptual interpretation of a data driven semantic space. In: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. LNCS, vol. 3673, pp. 381–392 (2005) Agostaro, F., Augello, A., Pilato, G., Vassallo, G., Gaglio, S.: A conversational agent based on a conceptual interpretation of a data driven semantic space. In: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. LNCS, vol. 3673, pp. 381–392 (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat Alexander, S., Sarrafzadeh, A., Hill, S.: Easy with eve: a functional affective tutoring system. In: Rebolledo-Mendez, G., Martinez-Miron, E. (eds.) Workshop on Motivational and Affective Issues in ITS held at the 8th International Conference on ITS, pp. 38–45 (2006) Alexander, S., Sarrafzadeh, A., Hill, S.: Easy with eve: a functional affective tutoring system. In: Rebolledo-Mendez, G., Martinez-Miron, E. (eds.) Workshop on Motivational and Affective Issues in ITS held at the 8th International Conference on ITS, pp. 38–45 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat Alencar, M., Netto, J.M.: In Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference (2011) Alencar, M., Netto, J.M.: In Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference (2011)
Zurück zum Zitat Amilon, M.: Chatbot with common-sense database. Bachelor’s thesis in Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden (2015) Amilon, M.: Chatbot with common-sense database. Bachelor’s thesis in Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat Augello, A., Saccone, G., Gaglio, S., Pilato, G.: Humorist bot: bringing computational humour in a Chat-Bot system. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (2008) Augello, A., Saccone, G., Gaglio, S., Pilato, G.: Humorist bot: bringing computational humour in a Chat-Bot system. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (2008)
Zurück zum Zitat Ayedoun, E., Hayashi, Y., Seta, K.: A conversational agent to encourage willingness to communicate in the context of english as a foreign language. J. Procedia Comput. Sci. 60, 1433–1442 (2015). ScienceDirectCrossRef Ayedoun, E., Hayashi, Y., Seta, K.: A conversational agent to encourage willingness to communicate in the context of english as a foreign language. J. Procedia Comput. Sci. 60, 1433–1442 (2015). ScienceDirectCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Batacharia, B., Levy, D., Catizone, R., Krotov, A., Wilks, Y.: CONVERSE: a conversational companion. In: Wilks, Y. (ed.) Machine Conversations. The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 511. Springer, Heidelberg (1997) Batacharia, B., Levy, D., Catizone, R., Krotov, A., Wilks, Y.: CONVERSE: a conversational companion. In: Wilks, Y. (ed.) Machine Conversations. The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 511. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)
Zurück zum Zitat Bennacef, S., Devillers, L., Rosset, S., Lamel, L.: Dialog in the RAILTEL Telephone-Based System (1996) Bennacef, S., Devillers, L., Rosset, S., Lamel, L.: Dialog in the RAILTEL Telephone-Based System (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat Berger, M.: Modelling of Natural Dialogues in the Context of Speech-based Information and Control Systems. Ph.D. dissertation submitted to Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. AKA. IOS Press (2014) Berger, M.: Modelling of Natural Dialogues in the Context of Speech-based Information and Control Systems. Ph.D. dissertation submitted to Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. AKA. IOS Press (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat Bickmore, T., Cassell, J.: “How about this weather?” Social Dialogue with Embodied Conversational Agents. American Association for Artificial Intelligence (2000) Bickmore, T., Cassell, J.: “How about this weather?” Social Dialogue with Embodied Conversational Agents. American Association for Artificial Intelligence (2000)
Zurück zum Zitat Biswas, G., Schwartz, D., Leelawong, K., Vye, N., TAG-V: Learning by teaching a new agent paradigm for educational software. Int. J. Appl. Artif. Intell. 19(3–4) (2005) Biswas, G., Schwartz, D., Leelawong, K., Vye, N., TAG-V: Learning by teaching a new agent paradigm for educational software. Int. J. Appl. Artif. Intell. 19(3–4) (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat Bogatu, A., Rotarescu, T., Rebedea, T., Ruseti, S.: Conversational Agent that Models a Historical Personality (2015) Bogatu, A., Rotarescu, T., Rebedea, T., Ruseti, S.: Conversational Agent that Models a Historical Personality (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat Bouchet, F., Harley, J.M., Azevedo, R.: Impact of different pedagogical agents’ adaptive self-regulated prompting strategies on learning with MetaTutor. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 815–819 (2013) Bouchet, F., Harley, J.M., Azevedo, R.: Impact of different pedagogical agents’ adaptive self-regulated prompting strategies on learning with MetaTutor. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 815–819 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Bradeško, L., Mladenić, D.: A survey of chabot systems through a Loebner prize competition. Artificial Intelligence laboratory, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana Slovenia (2012) Bradeško, L., Mladenić, D.: A survey of chabot systems through a Loebner prize competition. Artificial Intelligence laboratory, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana Slovenia (2012)
Zurück zum Zitat Branchs, R.F., Li, H.: IRIS: a chat-oriented dialogue system based on the vector space model. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 37–42. Association for Computational Linguistics (2012) Branchs, R.F., Li, H.: IRIS: a chat-oriented dialogue system based on the vector space model. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 37–42. Association for Computational Linguistics (2012)
Zurück zum Zitat Comendador, B.E.V., Francisco, B.M.B., Medenilla, J.F., Nacion, S.M.T., Serac, T.B.E.: Pharmabot: a pediatric generic medicine consultant Chatbot. J. Autom. Control Eng. 3(2), 137–140 (2015)CrossRef Comendador, B.E.V., Francisco, B.M.B., Medenilla, J.F., Nacion, S.M.T., Serac, T.B.E.: Pharmabot: a pediatric generic medicine consultant Chatbot. J. Autom. Control Eng. 3(2), 137–140 (2015)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat das Graças Bruno Marietto, M., de Aguiar, R.V., de Oliveira Barbosa, G., Botelho, W.T., Pimentel, E., dos Santos Franca, R., da Silva, V.L.: Artificial intelligence markup language: a brief tutorial (2013) das Graças Bruno Marietto, M., de Aguiar, R.V., de Oliveira Barbosa, G., Botelho, W.T., Pimentel, E., dos Santos Franca, R., da Silva, V.L.: Artificial intelligence markup language: a brief tutorial (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Dingli, A., Scerri, D.: Dialog systems and their inputs. In: HCI International 2013 - Posters’ Extended Abstracts. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 374, pp. 601–605 (2013) Dingli, A., Scerri, D.: Dialog systems and their inputs. In: HCI International 2013 - Posters’ Extended Abstracts. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 374, pp. 601–605 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Doering, A., Veletsianos, G., Yerasimou, T.: Conversational agents and their longitudinal affordances on communication and interaction. J. Interact. Learn. Res. 19(2), 251–270 (2008). AACE Doering, A., Veletsianos, G., Yerasimou, T.: Conversational agents and their longitudinal affordances on communication and interaction. J. Interact. Learn. Res. 19(2), 251–270 (2008). AACE
Zurück zum Zitat Eugene: Turing Test Sucess Marks Milestone in Computing History (2014). Accessed 08 Dec 2016 Eugene: Turing Test Sucess Marks Milestone in Computing History (2014). Accessed 08 Dec 2016
Zurück zum Zitat Feng, D., Shaw, E., Kim, J., Hovy, E.: An intelligent discussion-bot for answering student queries in threaded discussions. Interaction Challenges for Intelligent Assistants, Papers from the 2007 AAAI Spring Symposium, Technical report SS-07-04 (2007) Feng, D., Shaw, E., Kim, J., Hovy, E.: An intelligent discussion-bot for answering student queries in threaded discussions. Interaction Challenges for Intelligent Assistants, Papers from the 2007 AAAI Spring Symposium, Technical report SS-07-04 (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat Ferguson, G., Allen, J., Miller, B.: TRAINS-95: towards a mixed-initiative planning assistant. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems, pp. 70–77. AAAI (1996) Ferguson, G., Allen, J., Miller, B.: TRAINS-95: towards a mixed-initiative planning assistant. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems, pp. 70–77. AAAI (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat Forsyth, C.M., Graesser, A.C., Pavlik Jr., P., Cai, Z., Butler, H., Halpern, D., Millis, K.: Operation ARIES!: methods, mystery, and mixed models: discourse features predict affect in a serious game. J. Educ. Data Min. 5(1), 147–189 (2013) Forsyth, C.M., Graesser, A.C., Pavlik Jr., P., Cai, Z., Butler, H., Halpern, D., Millis, K.: Operation ARIES!: methods, mystery, and mixed models: discourse features predict affect in a serious game. J. Educ. Data Min. 5(1), 147–189 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Galibert, O., Illouz, G., Rosset, S.: Ritel: an open-domain, human-computer dialog system. In: Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (2005) Galibert, O., Illouz, G., Rosset, S.: Ritel: an open-domain, human-computer dialog system. In: Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat Garner, R.: The idea of FRED. ALMA-Scores of the Unfinished Thought, Issue 1 (1996) Garner, R.: The idea of FRED. ALMA-Scores of the Unfinished Thought, Issue 1 (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat Graesser, A.C., Wiemer-Hastings, K., Wiemer-Hastings, P., Kreuz, R.: AutoTutor: a simulation of a human tutor. J. Cogn. Syst. Res. 1, 35–51 (1999). Oden, G.C. (ed.)CrossRef Graesser, A.C., Wiemer-Hastings, K., Wiemer-Hastings, P., Kreuz, R.: AutoTutor: a simulation of a human tutor. J. Cogn. Syst. Res. 1, 35–51 (1999). Oden, G.C. (ed.)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Harley, J.M., Bouchet, F., Papaioannou, N., Carter, C., Trevors, G., Feyzi-Beghnagh, R., Azevedo, R., Landis, R.S.: Assessing learning with MetaTutor, a multi-agent hypermedia learning environment. In: Symposium on Innovative Practices for Assessing Learning in Computer Based Learning Environments, American Educational Research Association (2014) Harley, J.M., Bouchet, F., Papaioannou, N., Carter, C., Trevors, G., Feyzi-Beghnagh, R., Azevedo, R., Landis, R.S.: Assessing learning with MetaTutor, a multi-agent hypermedia learning environment. In: Symposium on Innovative Practices for Assessing Learning in Computer Based Learning Environments, American Educational Research Association (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat Higashinaka, R., Imamura, K., Meguro, T., Miyazaki, C., Kobayashi, N., Sugiyama, H., Hirano, T., Makino, T., Matsuo, Y.: Towards an open-domain conversational system fully based on natural language processing. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp. 928–939 (2014) Higashinaka, R., Imamura, K., Meguro, T., Miyazaki, C., Kobayashi, N., Sugiyama, H., Hirano, T., Makino, T., Matsuo, Y.: Towards an open-domain conversational system fully based on natural language processing. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp. 928–939 (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat Hutchens, J.L.: How to Pass the Turing Test by Cheating (1997) Hutchens, J.L.: How to Pass the Turing Test by Cheating (1997)
Zurück zum Zitat Hutchens, J.L., Alder, M.D.: Introducing MegaHal. In: Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 271–274 (1998) Hutchens, J.L., Alder, M.D.: Introducing MegaHal. In: Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 271–274 (1998)
Zurück zum Zitat Jackermeier, R.: Analyse von Chatbot-Beschreibungssprachen AIML 2.0 im Vergleich zu ChatScript und Cleverscript (2015) Jackermeier, R.: Analyse von Chatbot-Beschreibungssprachen AIML 2.0 im Vergleich zu ChatScript und Cleverscript (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat Kenny, P.G., Parsons, T.D.: Embodied conversational virtual patients. In: Perez-Marin, D., Pascual-Nieto, I. (eds.) Conversational Agents and Natural Language Interaction: Techniques and Effective Practices (2011) Kenny, P.G., Parsons, T.D.: Embodied conversational virtual patients. In: Perez-Marin, D., Pascual-Nieto, I. (eds.) Conversational Agents and Natural Language Interaction: Techniques and Effective Practices (2011)
Zurück zum Zitat Kerly, A., Ellis, R., Bull, S.: CALMsystem: a conversational agent for learner modelling. In: Proceedings of AI-2007, 27th SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 89–102. Springer (2007) Kerly, A., Ellis, R., Bull, S.: CALMsystem: a conversational agent for learner modelling. In: Proceedings of AI-2007, 27th SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 89–102. Springer (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, Y., Wei, Q., Xu, B., Ko, Y., Ilieva, V.: MathGirls: toward developing girls’ positive attitude and self-efficacy through pedagogical agents. In: Luckin, R., Koedinger, K.R., Greer, J. (eds.) Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work, vol. 158, pp. 119–126. IOS Press (2007) Kim, Y., Wei, Q., Xu, B., Ko, Y., Ilieva, V.: MathGirls: toward developing girls’ positive attitude and self-efficacy through pedagogical agents. In: Luckin, R., Koedinger, K.R., Greer, J. (eds.) Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work, vol. 158, pp. 119–126. IOS Press (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat Klüwer, T.: From Chatbots to Dialog Systems. In: Perez-Marin, D., Pascual-Nieto, I. (eds.) Conversational Agents and Natural Language Interaction: Techniques and Effective Practices (2011) Klüwer, T.: From Chatbots to Dialog Systems. In: Perez-Marin, D., Pascual-Nieto, I. (eds.) Conversational Agents and Natural Language Interaction: Techniques and Effective Practices (2011)
Zurück zum Zitat Kopp, S., Gesellensetter, L., Krämer, N.C., Wachsmuth, I.: A Conversational Agent as Museum Guide – Design and Evaluation of a Real-World Application (2005) Kopp, S., Gesellensetter, L., Krämer, N.C., Wachsmuth, I.: A Conversational Agent as Museum Guide – Design and Evaluation of a Real-World Application (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat Lasguido, N., Sakti, S., Neubig, G., Toda, T., Adriani, M., Nakamura S.: Developing non-goal dialog system based on examples of drama television. In: Natural Interaction with Robots, Knowbots and Smartphones, pp. 355–361 (2013) Lasguido, N., Sakti, S., Neubig, G., Toda, T., Adriani, M., Nakamura S.: Developing non-goal dialog system based on examples of drama television. In: Natural Interaction with Robots, Knowbots and Smartphones, pp. 355–361 (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Latorre-Navarro, E.M., Harris, J.G.: An intelligent natural language conversational system for academic advising. (IJACSA) Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 6(1), 110–119 (2015) Latorre-Navarro, E.M., Harris, J.G.: An intelligent natural language conversational system for academic advising. (IJACSA) Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 6(1), 110–119 (2015)
Zurück zum Zitat Leelawong, K., Biswas, G.: Designing learning by teaching agents: the Betty’s brain system. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 18(3), 181–208 (2008) Leelawong, K., Biswas, G.: Designing learning by teaching agents: the Betty’s brain system. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 18(3), 181–208 (2008)
Zurück zum Zitat Lester, J.C., Converse, S.A., Kahler, S.E., Barlow, S.T., Stone, B.A., Bhogal, R.S.: The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents. In: Proceedings of CHI, pp. 359–366. ACM Press (1997) Lester, J.C., Converse, S.A., Kahler, S.E., Barlow, S.T., Stone, B.A., Bhogal, R.S.: The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents. In: Proceedings of CHI, pp. 359–366. ACM Press (1997)
Zurück zum Zitat Lester, J., Branting, K., Mott, B.: Conversational agents. In: Singh, M.P. (ed.) The Practical Handbook of Internet Computing. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (2004) Lester, J., Branting, K., Mott, B.: Conversational agents. In: Singh, M.P. (ed.) The Practical Handbook of Internet Computing. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (2004)
Zurück zum Zitat MacLellan, C.J., Wiese, E.S., Matsuda, N., Koedinger, K.R.: SimStudent: Authoring Expert Models by Tutoring (2014) MacLellan, C.J., Wiese, E.S., Matsuda, N., Koedinger, K.R.: SimStudent: Authoring Expert Models by Tutoring (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat Mauldin, M.L.: Chatterbots, TinyMuds, and the turing test: entering the Loebner Prize competition. In: Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 1, pp. 16–21. American Association for Artificial Intelligence (1994) Mauldin, M.L.: Chatterbots, TinyMuds, and the turing test: entering the Loebner Prize competition. In: Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 1, pp. 16–21. American Association for Artificial Intelligence (1994)
Zurück zum Zitat McTear, M.F.: Spoken Dialogue Technology-Toward the Conversational User Interface. Springer, London (2004) CrossRef McTear, M.F.: Spoken Dialogue Technology-Toward the Conversational User Interface. Springer, London (2004) CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pilato, G., Vassallo, G., Augello, A., Vasile, M., Gaglio, S.: Expert chat-bots for cultural heritage. Intelligenza Artificiale 2, 25–31 (2005) Pilato, G., Vassallo, G., Augello, A., Vasile, M., Gaglio, S.: Expert chat-bots for cultural heritage. Intelligenza Artificiale 2, 25–31 (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat Planells, J., Hurtado, L., Segarra, E., Sanchis, E.: A multi-domain dialog system to integrate heterogeneous SpokenDialog systems. In: Proceedings of 14th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (2013) Planells, J., Hurtado, L., Segarra, E., Sanchis, E.: A multi-domain dialog system to integrate heterogeneous SpokenDialog systems. In: Proceedings of 14th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Pradhan, S., Cole, R., Ward, W.: My science tutor: learning science with a conversational virtual tutor. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics - System Demonstrations, pp. 121–126 (2016) Pradhan, S., Cole, R., Ward, W.: My science tutor: learning science with a conversational virtual tutor. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics - System Demonstrations, pp. 121–126 (2016)
Zurück zum Zitat Ravichandran, G., Reddy, N.M., Shriya G.S.: dBot: AI based conversational agent. Int. J. Sci. Res. (IJSR) (2015). ISSN (Online): 2319-7064, 1277-1279 Ravichandran, G., Reddy, N.M., Shriya G.S.: dBot: AI based conversational agent. Int. J. Sci. Res. (IJSR) (2015). ISSN (Online): 2319-7064, 1277-1279
Zurück zum Zitat Sarrafzadeh, A., Fourie, L., Kingston, T., Alexander, S.T.V., Overmyer, S., Shanbehzadeh, J.: Eve: an affect-sensitive pedagogical agent. In: Global Business and Technology Association Conference, pp. 573–579 (2014) Sarrafzadeh, A., Fourie, L., Kingston, T., Alexander, S.T.V., Overmyer, S., Shanbehzadeh, J.: Eve: an affect-sensitive pedagogical agent. In: Global Business and Technology Association Conference, pp. 573–579 (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat Senef, S., Glass, J.G., Hirschmann, L., Polifroni, J.: Development and preliminary evaluation of the MIT ATIS system. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech and Natural Language, pp. 88–93. Association for Computational Linguistics (1991) Senef, S., Glass, J.G., Hirschmann, L., Polifroni, J.: Development and preliminary evaluation of the MIT ATIS system. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech and Natural Language, pp. 88–93. Association for Computational Linguistics (1991)
Zurück zum Zitat Shawar, B.A., Atwell, E., Roberts, A.: FAQchat as an information retrieval system. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Language and Technology Conference Human Language Technologies as a Challenge, pp. 274–278 (2005) Shawar, B.A., Atwell, E., Roberts, A.: FAQchat as an information retrieval system. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Language and Technology Conference Human Language Technologies as a Challenge, pp. 274–278 (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat Shibata, T., Egashira, Y., Kurohashi, S.: Chat-like conversational system based on selection of reply generating module with reinforcement learning. In: Proceedings of 5th International Workshop on Spoken Dialog Systems (2014) Shibata, T., Egashira, Y., Kurohashi, S.: Chat-like conversational system based on selection of reply generating module with reinforcement learning. In: Proceedings of 5th International Workshop on Spoken Dialog Systems (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat Sikorski, T., Allen, J.F.: TRAINS-95 System Evaluation (1996) Sikorski, T., Allen, J.F.: TRAINS-95 System Evaluation (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat Silvervarg, A., Jönsson, A.: Towards a conversational pedagogical agent capable of affecting attitudes and self-efficacy (2013) Silvervarg, A., Jönsson, A.: Towards a conversational pedagogical agent capable of affecting attitudes and self-efficacy (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Toney, D., Rosset, S., Max, A., Galibert, O., Bilinski, E.: An evaluation of spoken and textual interaction in the RITEL interactive question answering system. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (2008) Toney, D., Rosset, S., Max, A., Galibert, O., Bilinski, E.: An evaluation of spoken and textual interaction in the RITEL interactive question answering system. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (2008)
Zurück zum Zitat Van Rosmalen, P., Eikelboom, J., Bloemers, E., van Winzum, K., Spronck, P.: Towards a game-chatbot: extending the interaction in serious games. In: Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Games Based Learning (2012) Van Rosmalen, P., Eikelboom, J., Bloemers, E., van Winzum, K., Spronck, P.: Towards a game-chatbot: extending the interaction in serious games. In: Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Games Based Learning (2012)
Zurück zum Zitat Van Woudenberg, A.F.: A Chatbot dialogue manager, Chatbots and dialogue systems: a hybrid approach. Master thesis, Open University of the Netherlands (2014) Van Woudenberg, A.F.: A Chatbot dialogue manager, Chatbots and dialogue systems: a hybrid approach. Master thesis, Open University of the Netherlands (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat Wallace, R.S.: The elements of AIML style. In: 2003 ALICE A.I. Foundation, Inc. (2003) Wallace, R.S.: The elements of AIML style. In: 2003 ALICE A.I. Foundation, Inc. (2003)
Zurück zum Zitat Weizenbaum, J.: A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Commun. ACM 9(1), 36–45 (1966)CrossRef Weizenbaum, J.: A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Commun. ACM 9(1), 36–45 (1966)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Whalen, T.: My experience at Loebner prize, ALMA, Issue 1 (1996) Whalen, T.: My experience at Loebner prize, ALMA, Issue 1 (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat Wilcox, B., Wilcox, S.: Suzette, the Most Human Computer (2010) Wilcox, B., Wilcox, S.: Suzette, the Most Human Computer (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat Wilks, Y., Catizone, R., Dingli, A., Cheng, W.: Demonstration of a prototype for a Conversational Companion for reminiscing about images. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (2010) Wilks, Y., Catizone, R., Dingli, A., Cheng, W.: Demonstration of a prototype for a Conversational Companion for reminiscing about images. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat Winograd, T.: Understanding Natural Language. Academic Press, Cambridge (1972) Winograd, T.: Understanding Natural Language. Academic Press, Cambridge (1972)
Metadaten
Titel
A Review of Technologies for Conversational Systems
verfasst von
Julia Masche
Nguyen-Thinh Le
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61911-8_19

Premium Partner