A study of optical solitons of Manakov model describing optical pulse propagation

In nonlinear optical telecommunication networks and optical switching devices, the study of optical solitons is critical. In recent years, coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations have been studied regarding the optical solitons and their collisions. When the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations are of Manakov type, the optical solitons collide with each other elastically and after collision their polarization may change depending on the polarization of incoming optical solitons. In order to develop and improve innovative optical devices, enhance the stability of optical communication networks, and minimize fiber losses, it is imperative to establish an analytical approach capable of generating a diverse range of optical solitons. The goal of this manuscript is the utilization of a specific integration scheme to produce a diverse range of optical solitons for the Manakov model, with the aim of reducing both experimental costs and time. In this study, the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method and the two variable \(\left( G'/G, 1/G \right)\)-expansion method are employed to enable a comparison of the solutions and demonstrate the originality of this research. For the considered expansion methods, optical soliton solutions such as dark-dark soliton, bright-bright soliton, combined dark-bright soliton, multi soliton and periodic solitary waves are achieved. Moreover, the graphical demonstration of these solitons is made in order to better understand the obtained results.