A supramolecular construction kit based on surface-layer proteins

Crystalline monomolecular cell surface layers (S layers) represent one of the most commonly observed cell envelope components of prokaryotic organisms (bacteria and archaea). Owing to their high degree of structural regularity, S layers represent interesting model systems for studies on structure, genetics, functions and dynamic aspects of assembly of supramolecular structures. One of the key features of isolated S-layer subunits is their capability to assemble into monomolecular arrays either in suspension, at liquid-air interfaces, on lipid films, on liposomes and on solid supports (e.g. polymers, metals, silicon wafers). S layers have already found a broad spectrum of applications, such as patterning elements in molecular nanotechnology, nanobio-technology and biomimetics.