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Air Pollution Sources, Statistics, and Health Effects: Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

2021 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Air Quality Guidelines and Standards

Author : Roger O. McClellan

Published in: Air Pollution Sources, Statistics and Health Effects

Publisher: Springer US

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Excerpt

Adverse health effect
Alteration in the health status of individuals or populations.
Aerodynamic diameter
The diameter of a spherical particle of unity density with a terminal velocity equal to the particle being sampled.
Aerosol
Relatively stable suspension of particles or droplets in a gaseous media.
Air quality guidelines
AQG, established by World Health Organization to provide guidance to the public and government on levels of air pollutant that will improve air quality.
Air quality monitoring
Measurement of the concentration of various pollutants in air for regulatory compliance or research purposes.
Ambient air
Air found out of doors, which is a mixture of gases and suspended particles and droplets.
Ambient concentration-response function
A mathematical description of the relationship between ambient air concentrations and associated morbidity or mortality indicators, usually expressed as increased risk for a defined increment of increased pollutant.
Anthropogenic
Causal by humans, man-made.
Background levels
The concentration of a pollutant in the air after accounting for all local or regional emissions.
Biogenic
Produced by biological processes.
Carbon monoxide
The chemical, CO, that is a product of incomplete combustion. It is regulated as a Criteria Air Pollutant or Common Air Pollutant.
Emissions
The quantities of pollutants emitted by a particular source or multiple sources.
Excess risk
Risk associated with exposure to an agent over and above the baseline risk.
Exposure
Taking materials into the body via inhalation, ingestion, or absorption through the skin.
Guidelines
Guidance provided for use by the public or government officials.
Hazardous
The property of having the potential to cause adverse health effects with sufficient duration and concentration of exposure.
Lead
Pb, an element that occurs naturally and found many uses including as a paint additive and as tetraethyl Lead added to gasoline to enhance engine performance. Regulated as a Criteria Air Pollutant or Hazardous Air Pollutant.
Mobile sources
Mobile sources, such as vehicles, of air pollution emissions.
Morbidity
A statistical measure of number of fractions of indicators of illness.
Mortality
A statistical measure of number or fraction of deaths.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NAAQS, established under the US Clean Air Act to protect health and welfare.
Nitrogen oxides
NO x, a mixture of NO and NO 2 produced in high-temperature combustion processes. Regulated as a Criteria Air Pollutant or Common Air Pollutant.
Ozone
O 3, a molecule with three atoms of oxygen. It is highly reactive with other chemicals and biological systems. It is regulated as a Criteria Air Pollutant or Common Air Pollutant.
Particulate matter
Airborne solid material, unspecified as to chemical composition, regulated as a Criteria Pollutant or Common Air Pollutant.
Particulate matter, 10 μm
PM 10, airborne particulate material included in sampled air size fraction with aerodynamic size of 10 mm and less.
Particulate matter, 2.5 μm
PM 2.5, particulate material included in sampled air size fraction with an aerodynamic size of 2.5 μm or less.
Primary standards or guidelines
Air Quality Standards or Guidelines for Criteria or Common Pollutants set to protect public health.
Risk
The probability of an adverse health outcome associated with exposure to a hazardous material for a defined period of time and exposure level. Usually expressed as a level of adverse effect, morbidity, or mortality, over and above background.
Risk assessment
The analytical process of evaluating exposure and the hazard potential of a material to estimate risk.
Secondary standards or guidelines
Air Quality Standards or Guidelines for Criteria or Common Air Pollutants set to protect public welfare such as visibility or effects on plants.
Standards
Regulations that are legally binding.
Stationary sources
Fixed sources of air pollution emissions such as power plants.
Sulfur dioxide
SO 2, released from combustion of sulfur-containing fossil fuels. It is regulated as a Criteria Air Pollutant or Common Air Pollutant.
…

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previous chapter Air Pollution Sources, Statistics, and Health Effects: Introduction
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Metadata
Title
Air Quality Guidelines and Standards
Author
Roger O. McClellan
Copyright Year
2021
Publisher
Springer US
Book
Air Pollution Sources, Statistics and Health Effects

Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0595-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-0716-0596-7

Copyright Year: 2021

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0596-7_553