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Published in: Society 5/2017

28-08-2017 | Feature Article

American Power: The Challenge Within

Author: Lawrence M. Mead

Published in: Society | Issue 5/2017

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Abstract

The main threat to continued American leadership abroad is social problems at home. These include poverty and the decline of the working class, both of them caused initially by falling levels of work and marriage. Policymakers have traditionally tried to counter these trends by changing social benefits and incentives, but the problems are really cultural, reflecting a decline in individualism. The best answer is more structured schools and social programs that promote the disciplines essential to a free society, especially working. Immigration should also be reduced and more money spent on education, to promote assimilation. Despite Donald Trump’s election, consensus has built supporting such measures.

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Footnotes
1
Christopher Layne, “Impotent Power? Re-examining the Nature of America’s Hegemonic Power,” The National Interest, no. 85 (Sept./Oct. 2006): 41–7; Robert A. Pape, “Empire Falls,” The National Interest, no. 99 (January/February 2009): 21–34; Arvind Subramanian, “The Inevitable Superpower: Why China’s Dominance Is a Sure Thing,” Foreign Affairs 90, no. 5 (September/October 2011): 66–78.
 
2
Robert J. Lieber, Power and Willpower in the American Future: Why the United States is Not Destined to Decline (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012); Zakaria, Post-American World; Joseph S. Nye, Jr., The Future of Power (New York: Public Affairs, 2011; idem, Is the American Century Over? (Cambridge, England: Polity Press, 2015).
 
3
Lawrence M. Mead, “Burdens of Freedom,” National Affairs, no. 29 (Fall 2016): 167–78.
 
4
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Income and Poverty in the United States: 2015, Series P-60, No. 256 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 2016), Table B-1.
 
5
Thomas Gabe, “Welfare, Work, and Poverty Status of Female-Headed Families with Children, 1987–2013” (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, November 21, 2014).
 
6
U.S. Bureau of the Census, March 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, tables POV-1, POV- 2.
 
7
U.S. Bureau of the Census, March 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, table FINC-6.
 
8
See note 6.
 
9
U.S. Bureau of the Census, March Annual Social and Economic Supplement, table POV-24 for years 2007–15.
 
10
James Pethokoukis, “Why is the US labor force participation rate so low — even lower than Germany, Japan, and UK?” (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute, July 1, 2015); U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment data on the civilian noninstitutional population, January 2017.
 
11
“The force awakens,” The Economist, April 30, 2016, pp. 28–9.
 
12
Charles Murray, Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960–2010 (New York: Crown Forum, 2012), chaps. 1–13; Robert D. Putnam, Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), chaps. 1–5; J.D. Vance, Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis (New York: Harper, 2016).
 
13
Nicholas Eberstadt, Men Without Work: America’s Invisible Crisis (Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Press, 2016), chap. 7; Isabel V. Sawhill, Generation Unbound: Drifting into Sex and Parenthood without Marriage (Washington, DC: Brookings, 2014), pp. 31, 81.
 
14
Data from the National Institute of Health; Anahad O’Connor, “Threat Grows from Liver Illness Tied to Obesity,” New York Times, June 14, 2014, pp. A1, A3.
 
15
Gina Kolata, “Rise in Deaths For U.S. Whites In Middle Age,” New York Times, Nov. 3, 2015, pp. A1, A19; “The great American relapse,” The Economist, November 22, 2014, pp. 25–6; “The problem of pain,” The Economist, May 28, 2016, pp. 53–5.
 
16
This was a theme at “This way up: Economic mobility for poor and middle-class Americans,” a conference of mostly moderate to conservative experts run by Opportunity America and other policy organizations in Washington, DC, on December 15, 2016.
 
17
Richard E. Nisbett, The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently . . . and Why (New York: Free Press, 2003); Geert Hofstede, Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values: (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1980); Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel, Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005); F.S.C. Northrop, The Meeting of East and West: An Inquiry Concerning World Understanding (New York: Macmillan, 1946).
 
18
George J. Borjas, Heaven’s Door: Immigration Policy and the American Economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999); idem, “The Immigration Debate We Need,” New York Times, February 27, 2017, p. A21.
 
19
Samuel P. Huntington, Who Are We? The Challenges to America’s National Identity (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004); Lawrence M. Mead, “Immigration: The Cultural Dimension,” Society 53, no. 2 (March/April 2016): 116–22.
 
20
Kyle Spencer, “A School District That Works Hard at Making Integration Work,” New York Times, December 13, 2016, pp. A25-A26.
 
21
Jim Manzi, “Keeping America’s Edge,” National Affairs, no. 2 (Winter 2010): 3–21; Don Peck, “Can the Middle Class Be Saved?” The Atlantic, September 2011, pp. 60–78.
 
22
Kenneth F. Scheve, and Matthew J. Slaughter, “A New Deal for Globalization,” Foreign Affairs 86, no. 4 (July–August 2007): 34–47.
 
23
Harry J. Holzer, “Building a New Middle Class in the Knowledge Economy” (Washington, DC: Progressive Policy Institute, 2017), pp. 9–13.
 
24
“Too Fat to Fight: Retired Military Leaders Want Junk Food Out of America’s Schools” (Washington, DC: Mission: Readiness, 2010); Ron Nixon, “Poor Fitness In Military Poses Peril, Report Says,” New York Times, September 18, 2014, p. A20.
 
25
“The waiting wounded,” The Economist, March 23, 2013, p. 33; “What next?” The Economist, December 6, 2014, p. 30; Dave Phillips, “Veteran’s Campaign Would Rein In Disability Pay,” New York Times, January 8, 2015, pp. A1, A11; Ken Harbaugh, “The Risk of Over-Thanking Veterans,” New York Times, June 1, 2015, p. A19; “Who will fight the next war?”” The Economist, October 24, 2015, pp. 25–8.
 
26
Lawrence M. Mead, “Overselling the Earned Income Tax Credit,” National Affairs, no. 21 (Fall 2014): 20–33.
 
27
Lawrence M. Mead, Beyond Entitlement: The Social Obligations of Citizenship (New York: Free Press, 1986).
 
28
Scott Winship, “How to Fix Disability Insurance,” National Affairs, no. 23 (Spring 2015): 3–25.
 
29
Lawrence M. Mead, ed., The New Paternalism: Supervisory Approaches to Poverty (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1997).
 
30
Lawrence M. Mead, Expanding Work Programs for Poor Men (Washington, DC: AEI Press, 2011).
 
31
“The new white minority,” The Economist, August 23, 2014, p. 22; Nikole Hannah-Jones, “Worlds Apart,” New York Times Magazine, June 12, 2016, pp. 34–9, 50–3, 55.
 
32
David Leonhardt, “Schools That Work,” New York Times, November 6, 2016, p. SR2.
 
33
David Whitman, Sweating the Small Stuff: Inner-City Schools and the New Paternalism (Washington, DC: Thomas B. Fordham Institute, 2008); Hugh B. Price, Strugglers intro Strivers: What the Military Can Teach Us About How Young People Learn and Grow (Amherst, MA: Small Batch Books, 2014).
 
34
Peter Z. Schochet, John Burkhardt, and Sheena McConnell, “Does Job Corps Work? Impact Findings from the National Job Corps Study,” American Economic Review 98, no. 5 (December 2008): 1864–86; Megan Millenky, Dan Bloom, Sara Muller-Ravett, and Joseph Broadus, Staying on Course: Three-Year Results of the National Guard Youth ChalleNGe Evaluation (New York: MDRC, June 2011).
 
35
Harry Eckstein, “Civic Inclusion and Its Discontents,” Daedalus, vol. 113, no. 4 (Fall 1984), pp. 107–45; James S. Coleman, “Equal Schools or Equal Students?” The Public Interest, no. 4 (Summer 1966): 70–5.
 
36
U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform (Jordan Commission), Becoming an American: Immigration and Immigrant Policy (Washington, DC: U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform, September 1997).
 
37
Lawrence M. Mead, “Welfare Politics in Congress,” PS: Political Science & Politics 44, no. 2 (April 2011): 345–56.
 
38
AEI/Brookings Working Group on Poverty and Opportunity, Opportunity, Responsibility, and Security: A Consensus Plan for Reducing Poverty and Restoring the American Dream (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute and Brookings Institution, 2015).
 
Metadata
Title
American Power: The Challenge Within
Author
Lawrence M. Mead
Publication date
28-08-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Society / Issue 5/2017
Print ISSN: 0147-2011
Electronic ISSN: 1936-4725
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-017-0178-x

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