Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Cover of the book

2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

An Overview of Groundwater Resources in Nile Delta Aquifer

Authors : Abdelazim M. Negm, Sameh Sakr, Ismail Abd-Elaty, Hany F. Abd-Elhamid

Published in: Groundwater in the Nile Delta

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Egypt’s renewable water resources are limited to its share from the Nile River as well as some minor rainfall along the coastal areas. The Delta and the narrow valley of the Nile comprise 5.5% of the total area of Egypt. The Nile Delta aquifer, Egypt, which is replenished directly by the Nile water, is considered another renewable resource. However, this aquifer system is in direct contact with the Mediterranean Sea from the north and the Suez Canal from the east. Groundwater resources in Nile Delta are an essential source of freshwater due to increasing water demand and shortage in supply as a result of increasing agriculture, domestic, and industrial consumption. It provides about 85% of total groundwater abstractions in Egypt by 6.1 BCM per year. It is obvious that since 1981 the groundwater potentiality is decreasing annually in a linear fashion by 0.1 billion cubic meters. On the other hand, water quality in the irrigation and drainage canals is deteriorating as we move downstream due to the increased pollution load from the heavy agricultural activities and high population density. Agriculture, domestic, and industrial effluents are the main sources of contamination of the Nile Delta aquifer. The water quality of the Nile Delta aquifer has been assessed through testing some groundwater samples, surface canal water, and drainage water. All the studies showed that the concentration of most water quality parameters and heavy metals exceeded the WHO standards for drinking water, and some studies indicated the areas where the groundwater is not suitable for irrigation. There are damage and shortage in aquifer water quantity and degradation in the quality due to the gradual increase of groundwater pumping especially in the delta fringes. Also, problems were reported as a result of the continuous decline of the piezometric surface and the increase of the water salinities. This chapter gives an overview of groundwater resources in the Nile Delta aquifer. Detailed investigation of groundwater in the Nile Delta aquifer was presented.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
next chapter Land and Groundwater Resources in the Egypt’s Nile Valley, Delta, and Its Fringes
Literature
1.
Bear J, Cheng AH, Sorek S, Quazar D, Herrera I (1999) Seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers, concepts, methods and practices. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-5573-3CrossRef
2.
Istok JD (1989) Groundwater modelling by the finite element. American Geophysical Union, WashingtonCrossRef
3.
De Filippis G, Giudici M, Negri S, Margiotta S, Cattaneo L, Vassena C (2014) Numerical modeling of groundwater flow in the coastal aquifer system of Taranto (Southern Italy). Geophysical Research Abstracts 16 EGU2014-393-1
4.
Abd-Elhamid HF (2010) A simulation-optimization model to study the control of seawater intrusion in Coastal Aquifers. PhD thesis, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter
5.
Bear J (1979) Hydraulics of groundwater. Mc Graw-Hill, New York
6.
FAO (2006) World reference base for soil resources. A framework for international classification, correlation and communication. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome
7.
MWRI (2013) Adaptation to climate change in the Nile Delta through integrated coastal zone management. Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Giza
8.
SNC (2010) Egypt’s second national communication. Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA-May 2010) under the United Nations framework convention on climate change
9.
EEAA (2004) Environmental status report for 2004
10.
El Arabi N (2012) Environmental management of groundwater in Egypt via artificial recharge extending the practice to soil aquifer treatment (SAT). Int J Environ Sustain 1(3):66–82CrossRef
11.
MWRI (2010) Water resources development and management strategy in Egypt – 2050. Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Cairo
12.
El-Atfy H (2007) Integrated national water resources plan in Egypt. Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation Alexandria Governorate, Cairo
13.
14.
15.
Bakhbakhi M (2006) Nubian sandstone aquifer system. In: Foster S, Loucks DP (eds) Non-renewable groundwater resources: a guidebook on socially sustainable management for water-policy makers. IHP-VI series on groundwater 10. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris, pp 75–81
16.
17.
Sefelnasr A, Gossel W, Wycisk W (2007) GIS-based groundwater flow modeling of the Nubian aquifer system, western desert Egypt. University Halle, Halle
18.
Mirghani M (2012) Groundwater need assessment Nubian Sandstone Basin. Watertrac, book, Nile IWRM-Net
19.
NWRP (2005) National water resources plan, facing the challenge. Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation Integrated Water Resources Management Plan for 2017
20.
MWRI (Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation) (2009) Proposed climate change adaptation strategy for the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation in Egypt. Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation. Coastal Research Institute, the Egyptian Shore Protection Authority, United Nations, Development Programme, Government of Egypt, project document
21.
Sherif MM, Al-Rashed MF (2001) Vertical and horizontal simulation of seawater intrusion in the Nile Delta aquifer. In: Proceeding of the 1st international conference and workshop on saltwater intrusion and coastal aquifers, monitoring, modelling, and management, Essaouira, Morocco
22.
Sakr SA (2005) Impact of the possible sea level rise on the Nile delta aquifer. A study for Lake Nasser flood and drought control project (LNFDC/ICC), Planning Sector, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation
23.
RIGW (1992) Hydrogeological map of Egypt. Nile Delta; scale 1:500,000, 1st edn. El-Qanatir, Egypt
24.
25.
WMRI-NWRC (2002) Unpublished report under the matching supply and demand project. Water Management Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Cairo
26.
Eid HM (2001) Climate change studies on Egyptian agriculture. Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute (SWERI) ARC, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza
27.
IPCC (2007) An assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In: Adopted section by section at IPCC Plenary XXVII, represents the formally agreed statement of the IPCC concerning key findings and uncertainties contained in the Working Group contributions to the fourth assessment report, Valencia, Spain, 12–17 November 2007
28.
IPCC (1996) Climate change 1995: the science of climate change. In: Houghton JT, Meira Filho LG, Callander BA, Harris N, Kattenberg A, Maskell K (eds) Contribution of working Group I to the second assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 572
29.
El-Raey M (2010) Impact and implications of climate change for the coastal zones of Egypt. In: Michel D, Pandya A (eds) Coastal zones and climate change
30.
Agrawala S, Moehner A, El Raey M, Conway D, Aalst M, Hagenstad M, Smith J (2004) Development and climate change in Egypt: focus on coastal resources and the Nile. In: Environment policy committee, working party on global and structural policies and working party on development co-operation and environment, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
31.
Simmons CT, Narayan KA, Woods JA, Herczeg AL (2002) Groundwater flow and solute transport at the mourquong saline-water disposal basin, Murray Basin, southeastern Australia. Hydrogeol J 10:278–295CrossRef
32.
Zaid SM (2006) Geo-environmental study of eastern Nile Delta, Egypt. PhD thesis, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, p 339
33.
Saleh MF (1980) Some hydrological and hydro-chemical studies on the nile delta. MSc thesis, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo
34.
Shata A, El-Fayoumey I (1970) Remarks on the regional geological structure of the Nile Delta. Bucharest symposium, UNESCO publication chapter, Catalog Number 14859, pp 189–197
35.
Schlumberger (1995) Well evaluation conference of Egypt. Schlumberger Technical Editing Services, Chester
36.
RIGW (1980) Safe use studies for groundwater reservoirs in the Nile Delta and Upper Egypt. Research Institute for Groundwater, Cairo
37.
38.
El-Fishawy N (1989) Coastal erosion in relation to sea level changes, subsidence and river discharge, Nile Delta coast. Acta Mineralogica-Petergraphica, Szeged
39.
Frihy O, Fanos A (1995) The importance of marine investigation in implementing coastal projects. In: Proceeding of the annual conference of the National Water Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
40.
Stanley DJ, Warne AG (1993) Nile Delta: recent geological evolution and human impact. Science 260:628–634CrossRef
41.
Nossair AM (2011) Climate changes and their impacts on groundwater occurrence in the northern part of east Nile Delta. MSc thesis, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig
42.
RIGW/IWACO (1990) Hydrological inventory and groundwater development plan western Nile Delta region. TN77. 01300-9-02 Research Institute for Groundwater, Kanater El-Khairia
43.
Sherif MM, Sefelnasr A, Javad A (2012) Incorporating the concept of equivalent freshwater 15 head in successive horizontal simulations of seawater intrusion in the Nile Delta aquifer, Egypt. J Hydrol 464:186–198CrossRef
44.
Shahin M (1985) Hydrology of the Nile basin development in water science 21. Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V., Amsterdam, p 575
45.
Farid MS (1980) Nile Delta groundwater study. MSc thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza
46.
Mabrook B, Swailem F, El Sheikh R, El Dairy F (1983) Shallow aquifer parameters and its influence on groundwater flow, Nile Delta Egypt. Australian water resources council conference, series 8, pp 187–197
47.
Zaghloul MG (1985) Flow distribution through groundwater aquifer of the Nile Delta. MSc thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria
48.
Leaven MT (1991) Hydrogeological study of the Nile Delta and adjacent desert areas Egypt, with emphasis on hydrochemistry and isotope hydrology. Thesis, Free University, Amsterdam, also published by RIGW/IWACO as Technical note TN 77.01300-91-01
49.
Bahr B (1995) Nile Delta aquifer with emphasis on saltwater intrusion in the northern area. MSc thesis, Technical University of Berlin, Institute for Applied Geoscience, Berlin
50.
Diab MS, Dahab K, El Fakharany M (1997) Impacts of the paleohydrological conditions on the groundwater quality in the northern part of Nile Delta. Geol J 4112B:779–795
51.
El-Fayoumy IF (1968) Geology of groundwater supplies in the eastern region of the Nile Delta and its extension in North Sinai. PhD thesis, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, pp 1–207
52.
DRI (1989) In: Amer MH, de Ridder NA (eds) Land drainage in Egypt. Drainage Research Institute, Cairo
53.
Environics (2010) EIA study for greeter cairo metro line number 4 phase one. National Authority of Tunnel, Final report
54.
Morsy WS (2009) Environmental management to groundwater resources for Nile Delta Region. PhD thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo
55.
RIGW (2003) Monitoring of groundwater microbiological activities in the Nile Delta Aquifer. In: A study completed for the National Water Quality and Availability Management project (NAWQAM), Kanater El-Khairia
56.
Mabrouk MB, Jonoski A, Solomatine D, Uhlenbrook S (2013) A review of seawater intrusion in the Nile Delta groundwater system the basis for assessing impacts due to climate changes and water resources development. J Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 10:10873–10911CrossRef
57.
Abd-Elaty IM (2014) Numerical and experimental study for simulating climatic changes effects on Nile Delta aquifer. PhD thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig
58.
RIGW (2002) Nile Delta groundwater modeling. Research Institute for Groundwater, El Qanater El Khayreya
59.
GWR (1966) Groundwater research along the Nile River. Ministry of Irrigation, Giza
60.
Hefny K (1998) Water use in Egypt. In: Report submitted to the National Water Quality and Availability Management project (NAWQAM), El Qanater El Khayreya
61.
Sakr SA (2005) Enhancing groundwater availability in the Nile Delta Aquifer of Egypt. Ain Shams University-Faculty of Engineering. Sci Bull 40(3)
62.
Al-Ag DE, Closas A, Molle F (2015) Survey of groundwater use in the central part of the Nile Delta. Activity report (Draft), Water and salt management in the Nile Delta: Report No. 6
63.
RIGW/IWACO (1999) Environmental management of groundwater resources (EMGR), Final Technical Report TN/70.0067/WQM/97/20, Research Institute for Groundwater (RIGW), El Kanater El-Khairia
64.
Sakr SA, Attia FA, Millette JA (2004) Vulnerability of the Nile Delta aquifer of Egypt to seawater intrusion. International conference on water resources of arid and semi-arid regions of Africa. Issues and challenges, Gaborone, Botswana
65.
Hussien MM (2007) Environmental Impacts of new settlements on the ground water in a region in Delta. Msc thesis, Zagazig University, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig
66.
Ghoraba SM, Zyedan BA, Rashwan IM (2013) Solute transport modeling of the groundwater for quaternary aquifer quality management in middle delta, Egypt. Alex Eng J 52:197–207CrossRef
67.
Abd El-Fattah EG (2014) Evaluation of the environmental and chemical impacts of banana plantation on the groundwater aquifer in the southern part of the Nile Delta and its vicinities. PhD thesis, Submitted to Environmental Studies and Research Institute (ESRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City
68.
El-Agha D, Closas A, Molle F (2015) Survey of groundwater use in the central part of the Nile Delta. Water and salt management in the Nile Delta project report
69.
Ghoraba SA (2009) Ground water quality management in the Middle Delta utilizing environmental isotopes. PhD thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta
70.
Zeidan BA, Aly AI, Rashwan IM, Ahmed MA, Ghoraba SM (2015) Scenarios for groundwater remediation using N15 In Nile Delta. In: 18th international water technology conference, IWTC2015, Sharm El-Shiekh, Egypt, March 12–14
71.
Sharaky M, Atta SA, El Hassanein AS, Khallaf KM (2007) Hydrogeochemistry of groundwater in the western Nile Delta aquifers, Egypt. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on the geology of tethys, 19–21 March, Cairo University, Cairo
72.
73.
Masoud AA (2014) Groundwater quality assessment of the shallow aquifers west of the Nile Delta (Egypt) using multivariate statistical and geostatistical techniques. J African Earth Sci 95:123–137CrossRef
Metadata
Title
An Overview of Groundwater Resources in Nile Delta Aquifer
Authors
Abdelazim M. Negm
Sameh Sakr
Ismail Abd-Elaty
Hany F. Abd-Elhamid
Copyright Year
2019
Book
Groundwater in the Nile Delta

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-94282-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-94283-4

Copyright Year: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_193