Top

Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering

Published in:

08-01-2024 | Original Paper

Analysis of Near-Field Stresses in an Analogue Strike-Slip Fault Model

Authors: Zhandong Su, Sizhe Zhou, Arno Zang, Jinzhong Sun, Tao Zhang, Yao Niu, Jianyong Zhang, Jinping Liang

Published in: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering | Issue 4/2024

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

The evolution of the local stress field of faults under tectonic stresses is crucial to predict earthquakes. In this study, we investigated the stress sensitivity of an analogue fault model with dimensions of 2 m × 1 m × 1 m, prepared from cement, gypsum, river sand, putty powder, and borax mixture. The angle between the fault strike and the maximum stress direction was varied, and the variation in the stress near the analogue fault (area 1200 × 400 mm; width 5 mm) was determined. The crack growth law of the analogue fault was found to be consistent with a simple Riedel shear model. A main strike-displacement zone was formed, and its direction was parallel to that of the analogue fault. Fault development was described by three stages based on stress–strain relationships: a nucleus stage, a stable growth, and an unstable growth stage. The deflection angle (the deflection angle of the local principal stresses) range of the local stress field was (− 45°, 45°), and it varied most significantly in the nucleus stage. The closer to the fault, the greater the variation range in the deflection angle. The variation range was greater in the fault compression quadrants than in the dilatation quadrants. The correlation between the deflection angle and the relative deformation velocity of the fault was stronger in the stable growth stage than in the other stages. In this stage, the angle–deformation–velocity correlation could be well fitted using a logistic trend model. These findings can be of importance to better understand the nucleation and mechanisms of fault slip-induced earthquakes under varying fault-strike-stress conditions.

previous article Amplification of Ground Vibration on a Rocky Hill and Its Environs Under Cylindrical SH Waves

next article In situ Investigation of the Moisture Distribution and Deterioration of the Façade of Limestone Rock-Hewn Heritage

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

AnhDan LQ, Koseki J, Hayano K, Sato T (2005). True triaxial apparatuses with two rigid boundaries. In Mayne PW, et al. (Eds.) Site characterization and modeling (pp. 1–10)

Carlsson A, Christiansson R (1986) Rock stresses and geological structures in the Forsmark area. Paper presented at the ISRM International Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden

Chen S, Xiao M, Chen J, Ren J (2020) Disturbance law of faults to in-situ stress field directions and its inversion analysis method. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 39(7):1434–1444. https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.1228CrossRef

Chéry J, Vernant P (2006) Lithospheric elasticity promotes episodic fault activity. Earth Planet Sci Lett 243(1–2):211–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.12.014CrossRef

Faulkner DR, Mitchell TM, Healy D, Heap MJ (2006) Slip on “weak” faults by the rotation of regional stress in the fracture damage zone. Nature 444(7121):922–925. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05353CrossRef

Hajiabdolmajid V, Kaiser PK, Martin C (2002) Modelling brittle failure of rock. International J Rock Mech Min Sci 39(6):731–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00051-5CrossRef

Hardebeck JL (2004) Stress triggering and earthquake probability estimates. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 109(B4):B04310. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002437CrossRef

Hardebeck JL, Hauksson E (1999) Role of fluids in faulting inferred from stress field signatures. Science 285(5425):236–239. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5425.236CrossRef

Hardebeck JL, Okada T (2018) Temporal stress changes caused by earthquakes: a review. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 123(2):1350–1365. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014617CrossRef

Hauke J, Kossowski T (2011) Comparison of values of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients on the same sets of data. Quaest Geograph 30(2):87–93CrossRef

Hauksson E (1994) State of stress from focal mechanisms before and after the 1992 Landers earthquake sequence. Bull Seismol Soc Am 84(3):917–934. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0840030917CrossRef

He Z, Liu Y, Pan Y, Yang Q (2015) Evaluating the safety of high arch dams with fractures based on numerical simulation and geomechanical model testing. Sci China Technol Sci 58(10):1648–1659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-015-5855-7CrossRef

Hergert T, Heidbach O, Reiter K, Giger SB, Marschall P (2015) Stress field sensitivity analysis in a sedimentary sequence of the Alpine foreland, northern Switzerland. Solid Earth 6(2):533–552. https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-533-2015CrossRef

Jones RR, Holdsworth RE, Bailey W (1997) Lateral extrusion in transpression zones: the importance of boundary conditions. J Struct Geol 19(9):1201–1217CrossRef

Lan H, Chen J, Macciotta R (2019) Universal confined tensile strength of intact rock. Sci Rep 9(1):6170CrossRef

Lisle RJ, Srivastava DC (2004) Test of the frictional reactivation theory for faults and validity of fault-slip analysis. Geology 32(7):569–572. https://doi.org/10.1130/G20408.1CrossRef

Lisowski M, Savage JC, Prescott WH (1991) The velocity field along the San Andreas fault in central and southern California. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 96(B5):8369–8389. https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB00199CrossRef

Liu D, He M, Cai M (2018) A damage model for modeling the complete stress–strain relations of brittle rocks under uniaxial compression. Int J Damage Mech 27(7):1000–1019CrossRef

Liu S, He D, Fu M (2020a) Experimental investigation of surrounding-rock anchoring synergistic component for bolt support in tunnels. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 104:103531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103531CrossRef

Liu X, Liu Z, Li X, Gong F, Du K (2020b) Experimental study on the effect of strain rate on rock acoustic emission characteristics. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 133:104420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104420CrossRef

Liu J, Ren Z, Min W, Ha G, Lei J (2021) The advance in obtaining fault slip rate of strike slip fault-A review. Earthq Res Adv 1(4):100032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100032CrossRef

McCormick CA, Rutter EH (2022) An experimental study of the transition from tensile failure to shear failure in Carrara marble and Solnhofen limestone: Does “hybrid failure” exist? Tectonophys. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2022.229623CrossRef

Michael AJ (1987) Stress rotation during the Coalinga aftershock sequence. J Geophys Re: Solid Earth 92(B8):7963–7979. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB08p07963CrossRef

Moeck I, Kwiatek G, Zimmermann G (2009) Slip tendency analysis, fault reactivation potential and induced seismicity in a deep geothermal reservoir. J Struct Geol 31(10):1174–1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2009.06.012CrossRef

Morgan SP, Johnson CA, Einstein HH (2013) Cracking processes in Barre granite: fracture process zones and crack coalescence. Int J Fract 180(2):177–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-013-9810-yCrossRef

Morris A, Ferrill DA, Henderson DB (1996) Slip-tendency analysis and fault reactivation. Geology 24(3):275–278CrossRef

Niu Y, Su Z, Sun J, Zhang H, Zhang M, Wang L, Zhang J (2023) Influence of the strength of rock-like models on the local deformation field and acoustic emission characteristics. Bull Eng Geol Env 334(82):1435–9529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-023-03355-5CrossRef

Paola C, Straub K, Mohrig D, Reinhardt L (2009) The “unreasonable effectiveness” of stratigraphic and geomorphic experiments. Earth Sci Rev 97(1–4):1–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.05.003CrossRef

Peng JB, Chen LW, Huang QB, Men YM, Fan W, Yan JK (2013) Physical simulation of ground fissures triggered by underground fault activity. Eng Geol 155:19–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.01.001CrossRef

Pollard DD, Segall P (1987) Theoretical displacements and stresses near fractures in rock: with applications to faults, joints, veins, dikes, and solution surfaces. In: Atkinson BK (ed) Fracture mechanics of rock. Academic Press, pp 277–347CrossRef

Provost AS, Houston H (2001) Orientation of the stress field surrounding the creeping section of the San Andreas Fault: Evidence for a narrow mechanically weak fault zone. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 106(B6):11373–11386. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB900007CrossRef

Riede W (1929). Zur Mechanik geologischer Brucherscheinungen ein Beitrag zum Problem der Fiederspatten. Zentbl. Miner. Geol. Palaont. Abt., 354–368

Scholz CH (2018) The mechanics of earthquakes and faulting. Cambridge University Press

Schorlemmer D, Wiemer S, Wyss M (2005) Variations in earthquake-size distribution across different stress regimes. Nature 437(7058):539–542. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04094CrossRef

Schreurs G (2003) Fault development and interaction in distributed strike-slip shear zones: an experimental approach. Geol Soc Spec Publ 210:35–52. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.210.01.03CrossRef

Seeber L, Armbruster JG (2000) Earthquakes as beacons of stress change. Nature 407(6800):69–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/35024055CrossRef

Simpson RW (1997) Quantifying Anderson’s fault types. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 102(B8):17909–17919. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01274CrossRef

Skempton AW (1966). Some observations on tectonic shear zones. In 1st ISRM Congress. OnePetro

Su S, Stephansson O (1999) Effect of a fault on in situ stresses studied by the distinct element method. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 36(8):1051–1056. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00119-7CrossRef

Su ZD, Yoon JS, Zang A, Lei T, Gu HB, Zhu CB (2021) Stress Reorientation by Earthquakes Near the Ganzi-Yushu Strike-Slip Fault and Interpretation with Discrete Element Modelling. Rock Mech Rock Eng 54:5433–5447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02443-wCrossRef

Tchalenko JS, Ambraseys NN (1970) Structural analysis of the Dasht-e Bayaz (Iran) earthquake fractures. Geol Soc Am Bull 81(1):41–60. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[41:SAOTDB]2.0.CO;2CrossRef

Ulusay R (2015) The ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 2007–2014. Springer International Publishing, BerlinCrossRef

Vernik L, Zoback MD (1992) Estimation of maximum horizontal principal stress magnitude from stress-induced well bore breakouts in the Cajon Pass scientific research borehole. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 97(B4):5109–5119. https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB01673CrossRef

Vitone C, Cotecchia F, Viggiani G, Hall SA (2013) Strain fields and mechanical response of a highly to medium fissured bentonite clay. Int J Numer Anal Meth Geomech 37(11):1510–1534. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2095CrossRef

Wallace RE (1951) Geometry of shearing stress and relation to faulting. J Geol 59(2):118–130CrossRef

Wang CH, Gao GY, Yang SX, Yao R, Huang LY (2019) Analysis and prediction of stress fields of Sichuan-Tibet railway area based on contemporary tectonic stress field zoning in Western China. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 38(11):2242–2253. https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0624CrossRef

Weng J, Zeng L, Lv W, Liu Q, Zu K (2020) Width of stress disturbed zone near fault and its influencing factors. J Geomech 26(1):39–47. https://doi.org/10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.01.004CrossRef

Wu T, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Li J (2020) Experimental and numerical study on the interaction between holes and fissures in rock-like materials under uniaxial compression. Theoret Appl Fract Mech 106:102488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2020.102488CrossRef

Xiao Y, Wu G, Lei Y, Chen T (2017) Analogue modeling of through-going process and development pattern of strike-slip fault zone. Pet Explor Dev 44(3):368–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(17)30043-5CrossRef

Yang B (2005) Stress, strain, and structural dynamics: an interactive handbook of formulas, solutions, and MATLAB toolboxes. Academic Press

Yang J, Yang SQ, Liu GJ, Tian WL, Li Y (2021) Experimental study of crack evolution in prefabricated double-fissure red sandstone based on acoustic emission location. Geomech Geophy Geo-Energy Geo-Res 7(1):18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-021-00219-8CrossRef

Yoshida K, Hasegawa A, Okada T, Iinuma T (2014) Changes in the stress field after the 2008 M7 2 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake in northeastern Japan. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 119(12):9016–9030. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011291CrossRef

Zang A, Stephansson O (2010) Stress field of the Earth’s crust. Springer Science & Business Media, DordrechtCrossRef

Zhang S, Ma X (2021) How does in situ stress rotate within a fault zone? Insights from explicit modeling of the frictional, fractured rock mass. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 126(11):e2021JB022348. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022348CrossRef

Zhang XP, Zhang Q, Wu S (2017) Acoustic emission characteristics of the rock-like material containing a single flaw under different compressive loading rates. Comput Geotech 83:83–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.11.003CrossRef

Zhao MS, Kang Q, Wang YY (2022) Experimental study on mechanical properties of limestone similar materials. Mining R&d 42(4):85–88. https://doi.org/10.13827/j.cnki.kyyk.2022.04.025CrossRef

Title: Analysis of Near-Field Stresses in an Analogue Strike-Slip Fault Model
Authors: Zhandong Su
Sizhe Zhou
Arno Zang
Jinzhong Sun
Tao Zhang
Yao Niu
Jianyong Zhang
Jinping Liang
Publication date: 08-01-2024
Publisher: Springer Vienna
Published in: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering / Issue 4/2024
Print ISSN: 0723-2632
Electronic ISSN: 1434-453X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03714-4

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 4/2024

Impacts on Embankments, Rigid and Flexible Barriers Against Rockslides: Model Experiments vs. DEM Simulations

Classification of Rock Joint Profiles Using an Artificial Neural Network-Based Computer Vision Technique

Disturbance mechanical behaviors and anisotropic fracturing mechanisms of rock under novel three-stage true triaxial static-dynamic coupling loading

Temperature Field Distribution and Numerical Simulation of Improved Freezing Scheme for Shafts in Loose and Soft Stratum

Behavior of a Rock Mass in Uplift Field Tests of Rock Anchors

Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Fluid Flow in Rough Rock Fracture: 3D Case