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Published in:
Nuclear Energy, Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Applications of Radioisotopes

Author : Robert Bruce Hayes

Published in: Nuclear Energy

Publisher: Springer New York

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Excerpt

Background radiation
The radiation given off by natural radioisotopes and cosmic sources.
Detection limits
The smallest amount of radiation which can be discriminated from background radiation.
Dirty bomb
A conventional chemical bomb laced with radioactivity intended to cause mass panic and commercial havoc.
Ionizing
The result of adding or removing charge from a neutral atom.
IND
Improvised nuclear device, an attempt at a nuclear weapon generally assumed to be made by a terrorist organization.
Isotope
An element may have different numbers of neutrons in a given atom, but the element is defined by the number of protons in the nucleus. The different isotopes of an element will all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
NORM
Naturally occurring radioactive material, radioisotopes.
Nucleus
The center of an atom containing all the neutrons and protons which constitute the overwhelming majority of the atom’s mass.
Nuclide
A commonly used term synonymous with an isotope, it is a particular combination of neutrons and protons for a specific element.
Radiation
The emission of energy in the form of photons or other subatomic particles.
Radioactive
The condition in which the individual atoms of a material have an excited nucleus which will eject excess energy in the form of radiation over time.
Radioisotope
A specific isotope of an element which is radioactive.
RDD
Radiological dispersion device, a combination of an explosive device and radioactive material intended to disperse the radioactivity in order to cause panic and commercial disruption (AKA: dirty bomb).
RTG
Radioisotopic thermoelectric generator, a device for converting the heat generated by radioactive decay into a small electrical current.
Transuranic
Radioisotopes having a Z number greater than that of uranium (Z > 92).
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previous chapter Radiation Shielding
next chapter Nuclear Safeguards and Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Materials
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Metadata
Title
Applications of Radioisotopes
Author
Robert Bruce Hayes
Copyright Year
2018
Publisher
Springer New York
Book
Nuclear Energy

Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6617-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4939-6618-9

Copyright Year: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6618-9_952