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Digital Business Read chapter Read first chapter

2024 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

8. Artificial Intelligence und Quantum Computing

Author : Bernd W. Wirtz

Published in: Digital Business

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Zusammenfassung

Im achten Kapitel werden die Grundlagen, Services und Anwendungen von Artificial Intelligence dargestellt und anhand des AI-Frameworks erläutert. Die Chancen und Risiken von Artificial Intelligence werden mithilfe des 6-Dimensionen-AI-Chancen- und des 6-Dimensionen-AI-Risiko-Modells beschrieben. Zudem wird die Notwendigkeit und Anwendung von Governance von Artificial Intelligence dargestellt und anhand des 6-Dimensionen-AI-Governance-Modells erklärt. Abgeschlossen wird das 8. Kapitel mit der Darstellung der Funktionsweise von Quanten-Computern und deren Anwendungen im Digital Business.

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Footnotes
1
Vgl. zu Kap. 8 Artificial Intelligence und Quantum Computing im Folgenden Wirtz (2018), S. 124 ff.; Wirtz (2020), S. 259 ff.; Wirtz (2022a), S. 175 ff.; Wirtz (2022b), S. 193 ff.
 
2
Vgl. Wirtz/Weyerer (2019a).
 
3
Manager Magazin (2017).
 
4
Handelsblatt (2017).
 
5
Vgl. Turing (2009).
 
6
Inhalte basierend auf Copeland (2016); Wittpahl (2019).
 
7
Vgl. Searle (1980), S. 417.
 
8
Vgl. Leslie (2000).
 
9
Vgl. Fonagy et al. (2019), S. 5.
 
10
Inhalte basierend auf Joshi (2019).
 
11
Inhalte teilweise basierend auf Decide Soluciones (2017); Ulster University (2020).
 
12
Vgl. Colmerauer/Roussel (1996); Lally/Fodor (2011).
 
13
Vgl. Mitchell (2008), S. 1.
 
14
Inhalte basierend auf Damron (2018); Kirste/Schürholz (2019); Wittpahl (2019); DataRobot Inc. (2020).
 
15
Inhalte zum Teil basierend auf Briggs/Kodnani (2023), Jovanović und Campbell 2022, Goodfellow et al. 2014.
 
16
Vgl. OpenAI 2023a, b, c, d; IBM 2023.
 
17
Vergleiche hierzu Abschn. 8.4 Governance von Artificial Intelligence.
 
18
Inhalte basierend auf Accenture (2016).
 
19
Vgl. Accenture (2016), S. 10.
 
20
Inhalte basierend auf Wirtz/Weyerer (2019c), S. 6 f.; Wirtz/Weyerer/Geyer (2019).
 
21
Vgl. dazu Kap. 10 Digitale Automatisierung und Robotik.
 
22
Vgl. Briggs/Kodnani (2023), S. 10.
 
23
Inhalte basierend auf Wirtz/Weyerer (2019b), S. 4 ff.; Wirtz (2020), S. 273 f.; Wirtz/Weyerer/Kehl (2022), S. 3 ff.
 
24
Vgl. Wirtz/Weyerer/Kehl (2022), S. 7.
 
25
Inhalte basierend auf Wirtz/Weyerer (2019b), S. 5; Wirtz (2020), S. 273 f.; Wirtz/Weyerer/Kehl (2022), S. 14.
 
26
Inhalte teilweise basierend auf IDC (2019); Miller (2019); Wirtz (2020), S. 276; Wirtz (2022a), S. 216.
 
27
Vgl. im Folgenden IDC (2019); Miller (2019).
 
28
Inhalte basierend auf Wirtz/Weyerer (2019b), S. 6 f.; Wirtz (2020), S. 279; Wirtz/Weyerer/Kehl (2022), S. 14.
 
29
Vgl. zu den folgenden Ausführungen zum 6-Dimensionen-AI-Governance-Modell Wirtz/Weyerer/Kehl (2022), S. 11 ff.
 
30
Vgl. Eggers/Fishman/Kishnani (2017), S. 12.
 
31
Vgl. Thierer/Castillo/Russell (2017), S. 31 ff.
 
32
Vgl. Wirtz/Müller (2019), S. 1089.
 
33
Vgl. Rahwan (2018), S. 5.
 
34
Vgl. Thierer/Castillo/Russell (2017).
 
35
Vgl. Boyd/Wilson (2017); Thierer/Castillo/Russell (2017); Wirtz/Müller (2019).
 
36
Vgl. Thierer/Castillo/Russell (2017).
 
37
Vgl. Wirtz/Müller (2019), S. 1088.
 
38
Vgl. Madiega (2019); Wright/Schultz (2018).
 
39
Vgl. Scherer (2016), S. 394; Doneda/Almeida (2016).
 
40
Vgl. Reed (2018); Wright/Schultz (2018).
 
41
Vgl. Madiega (2019).
 
42
Vgl. Whittaker et al. (2018).
 
43
Vgl. Scherer (2016); Wirtz/Müller/Langer (2022).
 
44
Vgl. Gasser/Almeida (2017); Reed (2018).
 
45
Vgl. Guihot/Matthew/Suzor (2017); Whittaker et al. (2018).
 
46
Vgl. DeepMind (2023).
 
47
Vgl. Inofuentes (2014).
 
48
Vgl. Novet (2018); DeepMind (2023).
 
49
Vgl. DeepMind (2018).
 
50
Vgl. van Oord et al. (2016).
 
51
Vgl. DeepMind (2016).
 
52
Vgl. Mnih et al. (2013), S. 1 ff.
 
53
Vgl. Pohlen et al. (2018), S. 1 ff.
 
54
Vgl. Mnih et al. (2013).
 
55
Vgl. Service (2020).
 
56
Vgl. Service (2018).
 
57
Vgl. Service (2020); Callaway (2020), S. 203 f.
 
58
Vgl. Baek et al. (2021), S. 871 ff.
 
59
Vgl. AlphaFold Protein Structure Database (2023); Varadi et al. (2022), S. 439 ff.
 
60
Vgl. McKinney et al. (2020), S. 89 ff.; Hern (2016); University College London (2018); Moorfields Eye Hospital (2023); Tomašev et al. (2019), S. 116 ff.
 
61
Vgl. University College London (2018); Moorfields Eye Hospital (2023).
 
62
Vgl. Hern (2016).
 
63
Vgl. Tomašev et al. (2019), S. 116 ff.
 
64
Vgl. McKinney et al. (2020), S. 89 ff.
 
65
Vgl. Hodson (2016); BBC (2021).
 
66
Vgl. van Oord et al. (2016); Tuyls et al. (2021), S. 41 ff.; Li et al. (2022), S. 1092 ff.; Assael/Sommerschield/Prag (2019).
 
67
Vgl. The Physics arXiv Blog (2014); Mnih et al. (2013), S. 1 ff.
 
68
Vgl. AlphaGo (2023).
 
69
Vgl. Campbell/Hoane Jr/Hsu (2002), S. 57 ff.
 
70
Vgl. Bory (2019), S. 627 ff.
 
71
Vgl. Yu (2016), S. 42 ff.
 
72
Vgl. Yu (2016), S. 45.
 
73
Vgl. Yu (2016), S. 42 ff.
 
74
Vgl. Brügmann (1993), S. 1 ff.
 
75
Vgl. Silver et al. (2017a); Silver et al. (2018), S. 1140 ff.; Silver et al. (2017b), S. 354 ff.
 
76
Silver et al. (2018), S. 1140.
 
77
Silver et al. (2018), S. 1144.
 
78
OpenAI (2023a).
 
79
Vgl. OpenAI (2018b).
 
80
Broadly Distributed Benefits, Absatz 2 OpenAI (2018b).
 
81
Vgl. OpenAI (2015).
 
82
Vgl. Metz/Weise (2023).
 
83
Vgl. Moreno (2022); Salmon (2023).
 
84
Vgl. Lemke/Budka/Gabrys (2015), S. 117 ff.; OpenAI (2018c); Nichol/Achiam/Schulman (2018).
 
85
Vgl. Knight (2017).
 
86
Vgl. OpenAI (2018a).
 
87
Vgl. Shadow Robot (2023).
 
88
Vgl. OpenAI et al. (2018).
 
89
Vgl. OpenAI (2018a); OpenAI et al. (2019).
 
90
Vgl. Brown et al. (2020).
 
91
Vgl. OpenAI (2017).
 
92
Vgl. OpenAI (2017).
 
93
Vgl. Brown et al. (2020).
 
94
Vgl. Brown et al. (2020).
 
95
Vgl. zum 4C-Net Business Model Kap. 13 B2C-Geschäftsmodelle im Digital Business.
 
96
Vgl. Hao (2020).
 
97
Vgl. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (2023).
 
98
OpenAI (2023d).
 
99
Vgl. Herman (2022); Korn/Kelly (2023).
 
100
Vgl. Heaven (2021); Ramesh et al. (2021).
 
101
Vgl. OpenAI (2022).
 
102
Vgl. Ladd et al. (2010), S. 45.
 
103
Vgl. Rietsche et al. (2022).
 
104
Vgl. Statista (2022a).
 
105
Vgl. Statista (2022b).
 
106
Vgl. Masiowski et al. (2022).
 
107
Vgl. McKinsey & Company (2022).
 
108
Vgl. Hassija et al. (2020), S. 42 ff.
 
109
Vgl. Planck (1900); Planck (1969), S. 107 ff.
 
110
Vgl. Davisson/Germer (1927), S. 705 ff.; Einstein (1905), S. 132 ff.; Thomson (1927), S. 802 ff.
 
111
Vgl. Benioff (1980), S. 563 ff.
 
112
Vgl. Mermin (2006), S. 481 ff.; Feynman (1986), S. 507 ff.
 
113
Vgl. Nielsen/Chuang/Grover (2002), S. 558 ff.
 
114
Vgl. Preskill (2012), S. 1 ff.
 
115
Vgl. Aaronson (2019); Metz (2019).
 
116
Vgl. Arute et al. (2019), S. 505 f.; Associated Press (2019).
 
117
Vgl. McKinsey & Company (2022).
 
118
Inhalte basierend auf van Velzen et al. (2022).
 
119
Inhalte teilweise basierend auf Jawade (2018); Haddad et al. (2019), S. 4; Knopf/Funk (2019); Behara (2021); van Velzen et al. (2022), S. 6.
 
120
Vgl. Ladd et al. (2010), S. 45 ff.; Friedman et al. (2000), S. 43 ff.; Horodecki et al. (2009), S. 865 ff.
 
121
Vgl. Horodecki et al. (2009), S. 865 ff.
 
122
Vgl. Duan/Raussendorf (2005), S. 1 ff.
 
123
Vgl. Haddad et al. (2019), S. 4 f.
 
124
Vgl. Terhal (2018), S. 530 f.
 
125
Vgl. Arute et al. (2019), S. 505 ff.
 
126
Inhalte teilweise basierend auf Gambetta/Chow/Steffen (2017); Sodhi (2018); Hassija et al. (2020), S. 46; Behara (2021); Nayak (2021); IQM (2022).
 
127
Vgl. Chong/Franklin/Martonosi (2017), S. 180 ff.; Fingerhuth/Babej/Wittek (2018), S. 1 ff.
 
128
Vgl. Sodhi (2018), S. 4.
 
129
Vgl. Behara (2021).
 
130
Vgl. Cao et al. (2019), S. 10856 ff.
 
131
Vgl. Brandl (2017), S. 18 ff.
 
132
Vgl. Sodhi (2018), S. 4; Behara (2021); McGeoch et al. (2019), S. 38 ff.
 
133
Vgl. Sodhi (2018), S. 4 ff.
 
134
Vgl. Gisin et al. (2002), S. 145 f.; Pirandola et al. (2020), S. 1012 ff.; Portmann/Renner (2022).
 
135
Vgl. Savariraj/Simone (2022).
 
136
Vgl. Wootters/Zurek (2009), S. 76.
 
137
Vgl. Savariraj/Simone (2022); Bennett et al. (1992), S. 3 ff.; Gisin et al. (2002), S. 145 ff.
 
138
Vgl. Cao et al. (2019), S. 10856 ff.
 
139
Vgl. Cao et al. (2019), S. 10856 ff.
 
140
Vgl. Herman et al. (2022), S. 1 ff.; Egger et al. (2020), S. 1 ff.; Orús/Mugel/Lizaso (2019).
 
141
Vgl. Black/Scholes (1973); Berezin/Shubin (2012).
 
142
Vgl. Stamatopoulos et al. (2020), S. 291 ff.
 
143
Vgl. Biamonte et al. (2017), S. 195 ff.; Orús/Mugel/Lizaso (2019), S. 2.
 
144
Vgl. Wirtz/Müller/Langer (2023).
 
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Metadata
Title
Artificial Intelligence und Quantum Computing
Author
Bernd W. Wirtz
Copyright Year
2024
Book
Digital Business

Print ISBN: 978-3-658-41466-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-658-41467-2

Copyright Year: 2024

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41467-2_8