Beverage flavourings and their applications

Our requirement for liquid refreshment is as longstanding as the origins of the species homo sapiens. An examination of Figure 6.1 shows that at relatively low levels of fluid loss, e.g. 3%, impaired performance results. A 20–30% reduction in capacity for hard muscular work occurs with a moisture/fluid loss of 4%, heat exhaustion at 5%, hallucinations at 7% and circulatory collapse and/or heat stroke at 10% fluid loss. The required fluid intake for the average person in the arid areas surrounding the Red Sea is a staggering 8 litres per day.