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20-09-2023 | Original Article

BiAlO₃-modified BiFeO₃–BaTiO₃ high Curie temperature lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with enhanced performance

Authors: Xiao-Xiao Zhou, Yu-Cheng Tang, He-Zhang Li, Yi-Jin Hao, Meng-Ping Xue, Jun Pei, Xiao-Yan Peng, Bo-Ping Zhang

Published in: Rare Metals | Issue 11/2023

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Abstract

BiFeO₃–BaTiO₃ (BF–BT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have high piezoelectricity and high Curie temperature (T_C), but the mixed-valence Fe ions and Bi³⁺ volatilization would promote the formation of Bi₂₅FeO₄₀/Bi₂Fe₄O₉ and oxygen vacancy, which greatly degrade the insulation properties required for polarization. In this study, it was found that the modification of BiAlO₃ (BA) in BF–BT ceramics could effectively solve these problems, reducing the leakage current to 1 × 10⁻⁹ A·cm⁻² and transiting the space charge-limited conduction to ohmic conduction. Because of the enhanced insulation properties and appropriate rhombohedral-pseudocubic phase ratio (C_R/C_PC), BF–BT–xBA ceramics in an optimized composition obtain enhanced piezoelectric performance: piezoelectric charge coefficient (d₃₃) = 196 pC·N⁻¹, planar electromechanical coupling coefficient (k_p) = 31.1%, T_C = 487 °C and depolarization temperature (T_d) = 250 °C; unipolar strain (S_uni) = 0.17% and piezoelectric strain coefficient (d₃₃^*) = 335 pm·V⁻¹ at 100 °C. Especially, d₃₃ exceeds 283 pC·N⁻¹ at 233 °C and d₃₃^* is 335 pm·V⁻¹ at 100 °C, showing an excellent high-temperature piezoelectricity and high depolarization temperature. The results are attributed to the domain structure of rhombohedral-pseudocubic phase coexistence and its high-temperature switching behavior. This work provides a feasible and effective approach to improve the high temperature piezoelectric properties of BF–BT–xBA ceramics, making them more suitable for high temperature applications.

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Title: BiAlO3-modified BiFeO3–BaTiO3 high Curie temperature lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with enhanced performance
Authors: Xiao-Xiao Zhou
Yu-Cheng Tang
He-Zhang Li
Yi-Jin Hao
Meng-Ping Xue
Jun Pei
Xiao-Yan Peng
Bo-Ping Zhang
Publication date: 20-09-2023
Publisher: Nonferrous Metals Society of China
Published in: Rare Metals / Issue 11/2023
Print ISSN: 1001-0521
Electronic ISSN: 1867-7185
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02407-9

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