Top

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery

Published in:

09-06-2021 | Original Article

Biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion using kitchen waste and poultry manure as substrate—part 1: substrate ratio and effect of temperature

Authors: Md Anisur Rahman, Razu Shahazi, Syada Noureen Basher Nova, M. Rakib Uddin, Md Shahadat Hossain, Abu Yousuf

Published in: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery | Issue 8/2023

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

The rapidly declining fossil fuels are no longer able to meet the ever-increasing energy demand. Moreover, they are considered responsible for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, contributing to the global warming. On the other hand, organic wastes, such as kitchen waste (KW) and poultry manure (PM), represent considerable pollution threat to the environment, if not properly managed. Therefore, anaerobic co-digestion of KW and PM could be a sustainable way of producing clean and renewable energy in the form of biogas while minimizing environmental impact. In this study, the anaerobic co-digestion of KW with PM was studied to assess the rate of cumulative biogas (CBG) production and methane percentage in four digester setups (D1, D2, D3, and D4) operated in batch mode. Each digester setup consisted of five parallelly connected laboratory-scale digesters having a capacity of 1 L each. The digester setups were fed with KW and PM at ratios of 1:0 (D1), 1:1 (D2), 2:1 (D3), and 3:1 (D4) at a constant loading rate of 300 mg/L with 50 gm cow manure (CM) as inoculum and were studied at both room temperature (28 °C) and mesophilic temperature (37 °C) over 24 days. The co-digestion of KW with PM demonstrated a synergistic effect which was evidenced by a 16% and 74% increase in CBG production and methane content, respectively, in D2 over D1. The D3 with 66.7% KW and 33.3% PM produced the highest CBG and methane percentage (396 ± 8 mL and 36%) at room temperature. At mesophilic condition, all the digesters showed better performance, and the highest CBG (920 ± 11 mL) and methane content (48%) were observed in D3. The study suggests that co-digestion of KW and PM at mesophilic condition might be a promising way to increase the production of biogas with better methane composition by ensuring nutrient balance, buffering capacity, and stability of the digester.

previous article Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of chemical pretreated cotton stalk using response surface methodology for enhanced bioethanol production yield

next article Co-combustion properties of torrefied rice straw-sub-bituminous coal blend and its Hardgrove Grindability Index

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Kumar M, Srivastava N, Upadhyay S, and Mishra P (2021) Thermal degradation of dry kitchen waste: kinetics and pyrolysis products. Biomass Convers Biorefin:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01309-z

Nanda S, Berruti F (2020) Municipal solid waste management and landfilling technologies: a review. Environ Chem Lett 13:1433–1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01100-yCrossRef

Abdel-Shafy HI, Mansour MS (2018) Solid waste issue: sources, composition, disposal, recycling, and valorization. Egypt J Pet 27(4):1275–1290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2018.07.003CrossRef

Wang F, Cheng Z, Reisner A, Liu Y (2018) Compliance with household solid waste management in rural villages in developing countries. J Cleaner Prod 202:293–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.135CrossRef

National Restaurant Association (2020) Restaurant industry facts at a glance. https://restaurant.org/research/restaurant-statistics/restaurant-industry-facts-at-a-glance. Accessed 27 Feb 2021

Nelson C and Lamb J (2002) Final report: Haubenschild farms anaerobic digester updated! https://www.cleanenergyresourceteams.org/sites/default/files/publication_files/Haubyrptupdated.pdf. Accessed 27 Feb 2021

Alastair JW, Phil JH, Peter JH, David LJ (2008) Optimisation of the anaerobic digestion of agricultural resources. Bioresour Technol 99(17):7928–7940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.044CrossRef

Jarwar AI, Laghari AQ, Maitlo G, Qureshi K et al (2021) Biological assisted treatment of buffalo dung and poultry manure for biogas generation using laboratory-scale bioreactor. Biomass Convers Biorefin:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01248-1

Waste Concern (2014) Bangladesh waste database 2014. http://wasteconcern.org/wpcontent/uploads/2016/05/Waste-Data-Base_2014_Draft-Final.pdf. Accessed 25 Feb 2021

10.

Enayetullah I, Sinha AMM, and Khan SSA (2005) Urban solid waste management scenario of Bangladesh: problems and prospects. Waste Concern. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/URBAN-SOLID-WASTE MANAGEMENTSCENARIO-OF BANGLADESH/5d48094ce4cf1743e0b3eb7dcdeeeeafd4b12998. Accessed 25 Feb 2021

11.

Hoornweg D and Bhada-Tata P (2012) What a waste: a global review of solid waste management. World Bank Group. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17388. Accessed 25 Feb 2021

12.

Islam K (2016) Municipal solid waste to energy generation in Bangladesh: possible scenarios to generate renewable electricity in Dhaka and Chittagong city. J Renew Energy 2016.https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1712370

13.

Alam O, Qiao X (2020) An in-depth review on municipal solid waste management, treatment and disposal in Bangladesh. Sustain Cities Soc 52:101775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101775CrossRef

14.

Islam KN (2017) Greenhouse gas footprint and the carbon flow associated with different solid waste management strategy for urban metabolism in Bangladesh. Sci Total Environ 580:755–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.022CrossRef

15.

Khan I (2020) Waste to biogas through anaerobic digestion: hydrogen production potential in the developing world-a case of Bangladesh. Int J Hydrog Energy 45(32):15951–15962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.04.038CrossRef

16.

Amanullah MM, Somasundaram E, Vaiyapuri K, Sathyamoorthi K (2007) Poultry manure to crops–a review. Agric Rev 28(3):216–222

17.

Myhre G, Shindell D, Pongratz J (2014) Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing, climate change. In Climate change 2013 – the physical science basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change:659–740. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.018

18.

Hasan MK, Shahriar A, Jim KU (2019) Water pollution in Bangladesh and its impact on public health. Heliyon 5(8):e02145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02145CrossRef

19.

Dana T (2011) Hospital waste management: Bangladesh. OIDA Int J Sustain Dev 2(9):29–40

20.

Gagliardi R (1982) Cogeneration in a commercial environment: paper incineration with heat recovery, electricity, space heating and cooling. In: Advances in energy productivity. Fairmont Press, Atlanta, pp 125–128

21.

Ucuncu A, Veisilind A (1993) Energy recovery from mixed paper waste. Waste Manag Res 11(6):507–513. https://doi.org/10.1006/wmre.1993.1053CrossRef

22.

Domalski E, Churney K, Ledford A Jr, Bruce S (1986) Monitoring the fate of chlorine from MSW sampling through combustion Part I: analysis of the waste stream for chlorine. Chemosphere 15(9–12):1339–1354. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(86)90409-1CrossRef

23.

Bünsow W, Dobberstein J (1987) Refuse-derived fuel: composition and emissions from combustion. Res Conserv 14:249–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-3097(87)90026-5CrossRef

24.

Zhang Z, Zeng Q, Hao R, He H et al (2019) Combustion behavior, emission characteristics of SO2, SO3 and NO, and in situ control of SO2 and NO during the co-combustion of anthracite and dried sawdust sludge. Sci Total Environ 646:716–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.286CrossRef

25.

Hsieh Y-K, Chen W-S, Zhu J, Huang Q (2018) Characterization of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans of the flue gases, fly ash and bottom ash in a municipal solid waste incinerator. Aerosol Air Qual Res 18(2):421–432. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2017.12.0564CrossRef

26.

De Andres JM, Narros A, Rodríguez ME (2011) Air-steam gasification of sewage sludge in a bubbling bed reactor: effect of alumina as a primary catalyst. Fuel Process Technol 92(3):433–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.10.006CrossRef

27.

Choi Y-K, Cho M-H, Kim J-S (2016) Air gasification of dried sewage sludge in a two-stage gasifier. Part 4: application of additives including Ni-impregnated activated carbon for the production of a tar-free and H2-rich producer gas with a low NH3 content. Int J Hydrog Energy 41(3):1460–1467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.125CrossRef

28.

Jayaraman K, Gökalp I (2015) Pyrolysis, combustion and gasification characteristics of miscanthus and sewage sludge. Energy Convers Manage 89:83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.09.058CrossRef

29.

Striūgas N, Valinčius V, Pedišius N, Poškas R et al (2017) Investigation of sewage sludge treatment using air plasma assisted gasification. Waste Manage 64:149–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.024CrossRef

30.

Gil-Lalaguna N, Sánchez J, Murillo M, Rodríguez E et al (2014) Air–steam gasification of sewage sludge in a fluidized bed. Influence of some operating conditions. Chem Eng J 248:373–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.03.055CrossRef

31.

Unpaprom Y, Pimpimol T, Whangchai K, Ramaraj R (2020) Sustainability assessment of water hyacinth with swine dung for biogas production, methane enhancement, and biofertilizer. Biomass Convers Biorefin:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00850-7

32.

Odekanle E, Dahunsi S, Zahedi S (2020) Anaerobic treatment of abattoir waste: biogas production and correlation parameter in a batch reactor system. J Water Process Eng 37:101337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101337CrossRef

33.

Zala M, Solanki R, Bhale PV, Vaishak S (2019) Experimental investigation on anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and water hyacinth in batch type reactor under mesophilic condition. Biomass Convers Biorefin:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00522-1

34.

Jiang Y, Heaven S, Banks C (2012) Strategies for stable anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste. Renewable Energy 44:206–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.012CrossRef

35.

Dahunsi S, Osueke C, Olayanju T, Lawal A (2019) Co-digestion of Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) pod husk and poultry manure for energy generation: effects of pretreatment methods. Bioresour Technol 283:229–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.093CrossRef

36.

Li R, Chen S, Li X, Saifullah Lar J et al (2009) Anaerobic codigestion of kitchen waste with cattle manure for biogas production. Energy Fuels 23(4):2225–2228. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef8008772CrossRef

37.

Abouelenien F, Kitamura Y, Nishio N, Nakashimada Y (2009) Dry anaerobic ammonia–methane production from chicken manure. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 82(4):757–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-1881-3CrossRef

38.

Procházka J, Dolejš P, Máca J, Dohányos M (2012) Stability and inhibition of anaerobic processes caused by insufficiency or excess of ammonia nitrogen. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 93(1):439–447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3625-4CrossRef

39.

Callaghan FJ, Wase D, Thayanithy K, Forster C (1999) Co-digestion of waste organic solids: batch studies. Bioresour Technol 67(2):117–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00108-4CrossRef

40.

Mata-Alvarez J, Macé S, Llabres P (2000) Anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes. An overview of research achievements and perspectives. Bioresour Technol 74(1):3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00023-7CrossRef

41.

Ye J, Li D, Sun Y, Wang G et al (2013) Improved biogas production from rice straw by co-digestion with kitchen waste and pig manure. Waste Manag 33(12):2653–2658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.05.014CrossRef

42.

Wang X, Yang G, Feng Y, Ren G et al (2012) Optimizing feeding composition and carbon–nitrogen ratios for improved methane yield during anaerobic co-digestion of dairy, chicken manure and wheat straw. Bioresour Technol 120:78–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.058CrossRef

43.

Hartmann H, Angelidaki I, Ahring BK (2000) Increase of anaerobic degradation of particulate organic matter in full-scale biogas plants by mechanical maceration. Water Sci Technol 41(3):145–153. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0066CrossRef

44.

American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation, & Water Environment Federation (1912) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (Vol. 2)

45.

Tasnim F, Iqbal SA, Chowdhury AR (2017) Biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure with kitchen waste and Water Hyacinth. Renew Energy 109:434–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.03.044CrossRef

46.

Iqbal SA, Rahaman S, Rahman M, Yousuf A (2014) Anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste to produce biogas. Procedia Eng 90:657–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.787CrossRef

47.

Chuenchart W, Logan M, Leelayouthayotin C, Visvanathan C (2020) Enhancement of food waste thermophilic anaerobic digestion through synergistic effect with chicken manure. Biomass Bioenergy 136:105541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105541CrossRef

48.

Wang K, Yin J, Shen D, Li N (2014) Anaerobic digestion of food waste for volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production with different types of inoculum: effect of pH. Bioresour Technol 161:395–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.088CrossRef

49.

Kafle GK, Kim SH (2013) Anaerobic treatment of apple waste with swine manure for biogas production: batch and continuous operation. Appl Energy 103:61–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.018CrossRef

50.

Bres P, Beily ME, Young BJ, Gasulla J et al (2018) Performance of semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of poultry manure with fruit and vegetable waste and analysis of digestate quality: a bench scale study. Waste Manag 82:276–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.041CrossRef

51.

Li Y, Zhang R, Liu X, Chen C et al (2013) Evaluating methane production from anaerobic mono-and co-digestion of kitchen waste, corn stover, and chicken manure. Energy Fuels 27(4):2085–2091. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef400117fCrossRef

52.

Bujoczek G, Oleszkiewicz J, Sparling R, Cenkowski S (2000) High solid anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. J Agric Eng Res 76(1):51–60. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.2000.0529CrossRef

53.

Borowski S, Weatherley L (2013) Co-digestion of solid poultry manure with municipal sewage sludge. Bioresour Technol 142:345–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.047CrossRef

54.

Ayotamuno M, Kogbara R, Ogaji S, Probert S (2006) Petroleum contaminated ground-water: remediation using activated carbon. Appl Energy 83(11):1258–1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2006.01.004CrossRef

55.

Xia T, Huang H, Wu G, Sun E et al (2018) The characteristic changes of rice straw fibers in anaerobic digestion and its effect on rice straw-reinforced composites. Ind Crops Prod 121:73–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.04.004CrossRef

56.

Lin J, Zuo J, Gan L, Li P et al (2011) Effects of mixture ratio on anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable waste and food waste of China. J Environ Sci 23(8):1403–1408. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60572-4CrossRef

57.

Park S, Li Y (2012) Evaluation of methane production and macronutrient degradation in the anaerobic co-digestion of algae biomass residue and lipid waste. Bioresour Technol 111:42–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.160CrossRef

58.

Bharathiraja B, Sudharsana T, Jayamuthunagai J, Praveenkumar R et al (2018) Biogas production–a review on composition, fuel properties, feed stock and principles of anaerobic digestion. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 90(C):570–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.093CrossRef

59.

Xia Y, Massé DI, McAllister TA, Kong Y et al (2012) Identity and diversity of archaeal communities during anaerobic co-digestion of chicken feathers and other animal wastes. Bioresour Technol 110:111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.107CrossRef

60.

Appels L, Van Assche A, Willems K, Degrève J et al (2011) Peracetic acid oxidation as an alternative pre-treatment for the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. Bioresour Technol 102(5):4124–4130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.070CrossRef

61.

Dahunsi S, Oranusi S, Owolabi JB, Efeovbokhan VE (2016) Mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of poultry dropping and Carica papaya peels: modelling and process parameter optimization study. Bioresour Technol 216:587–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.118CrossRef

62.

Tassew FA, Bergland WH, Dinamarca C, Bakke R (2020) Influences of temperature and substrate particle content on granular sludge bed anaerobic digestion. Appl Sci 10(1):136. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010136CrossRef

63.

Sreekrishnan T, Kohli S, Rana V (2004) Enhancement of biogas production from solid substrates using different techniques––a review. Bioresour Technol 95(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.02.010CrossRef

64.

Ge H, Jensen PD, Batstone DJ (2011) Relative kinetics of anaerobic digestion under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions. Water Sci Technol 64(4):848–853. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.571CrossRef

65.

Sanchez E, Borja R, Weiland P, Travieso L et al (2000) Effect of temperature and pH on the kinetics of methane production, organic nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the batch anaerobic digestion process of cattle manure. Bioprocess Eng 22(3):247–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004490050727CrossRef

66.

Lianhua L, Dong L, Yongming S, Longlong M et al (2010) Effect of temperature and solid concentration on anaerobic digestion of rice straw in South China. Int J Hydrogen Energy 35(13):7261–7266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.03.074CrossRef

67.

Speece R, Boonyakitsombut S, Kim M, Azbar N et al (2006) Overview of anaerobic treatment: thermophilic and propionate implications. Water Environ Res 78(5):460–473CrossRef

68.

Chae K, Jang A, Yim S, Kim IS (2008) The effects of digestion temperature and temperature shock on the biogas yields from the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure. Bioresour Technol 99(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.063CrossRef

69.

Franqueto R, da Silva JD, Konig M (2019) Effect of temperature variation on codigestion of animal waste and agricultural residue for biogas production. Bioenergy Res:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-019-10049-y

70.

Liu C, Wachemo AC, Tong H, Shi S et al (2018) Biogas production and microbial community properties during anaerobic digestion of corn stover at different temperatures. Bioresour Technol 261:93–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.076CrossRef

71.

Bouallagui H, Haouari O, Touhami Y, Cheikh RB et al (2004) Effect of temperature on the performance of an anaerobic tubular reactor treating fruit and vegetable waste. Process Biochem 39(12):2143–2148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2003.11.022CrossRef

72.

Veeken A, Hamelers B (1999) Effect of temperature on hydrolysis rates of selected biowaste components. Bioresour Technol 69(3):249–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00188-6CrossRef

73.

Krátký L, Jirout T (2013) The effect of mechanical disintegration on the biodegradability of wheat straw. Inz Ap Chem 52(3):202–203. http://www.inzynieria-aparaturachemiczna.pl/pdf/2013/2013-3/InzApChem_2013_3_202-203.pdf. Accessed 5 Jan 2021

74.

Rattanapan C, Sinchai L, Tachapattaworakul Suksaroj T, Kantachote D et al (2019) Biogas production by co-digestion of canteen food waste and domestic wastewater under organic loading rate and temperature optimization. Environments 6(2):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments6020016CrossRef

75.

Nahm K (2003) Evaluation of the nitrogen content in poultry manure. World’s Poult Sci J 59(1):77–88. https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS20030004CrossRef

76.

Kafle GK, Kim SH (2013) Effects of chemical compositions and ensiling on the biogas productivity and degradation rates of agricultural and food processing by-products. Bioresour Technol 142:553–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.018CrossRef

77.

Bohn I, Siversson B, Batstone D, Björnsson L, et al. (2001) Anaerobic digestion of agriculture residues under psychrophlilic conditions. In: Proceedings of the 9th World Congress Anaerobic Digestion. IWA Antwerpen. Belgium, pp 2–6

78.

Wang X, Lu X, Li F, Yang G (2014) Effects of temperature and carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio on the performance of anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure, chicken manure and rice straw: focusing on ammonia inhibition. PLoS ONE 9(5):e97265. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097265CrossRef

Title: Biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion using kitchen waste and poultry manure as substrate—part 1: substrate ratio and effect of temperature
Authors: Md Anisur Rahman
Razu Shahazi
Syada Noureen Basher Nova
M. Rakib Uddin
Md Shahadat Hossain
Abu Yousuf
Publication date: 09-06-2021
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery / Issue 8/2023
Print ISSN: 2190-6815
Electronic ISSN: 2190-6823
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01604-9

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 8/2023

Pyrolysis behaviors of rapeseed meal: products distribution and properties

Catalytic pyrolysis of coconut shell: a study on product distributions, optimized response surface methodology, and catalytic mechanism of bio-oil production

Fabrication of activated carbon electrodes derived from peanut shell for high-performance supercapacitors

Co-combustion properties of torrefied rice straw-sub-bituminous coal blend and its Hardgrove Grindability Index

Transesterifying Madhuca indica and waste cooking oil blends with C1–C3 alcohol mixtures: two-step catalysis using Delonix regia and Mesua ferrea linn supports

Polycistronic cellulase gene expression in Pichia pastoris