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Published in: Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik 1/2015

01-01-2015 | Studie

Bringing the First Image of Nuclear Politics Back in: Plädoyer für eine verstärkte Einbeziehung des Individuums in die theoretische Analyse der Proliferation von Kernwaffen

Author: Jonas Schneider

Published in: Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik | Issue 1/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Die individuellen Eigenschaften von außenpolitischen EntscheidungsträgerInnen spielen bei Prozessen der Kernwaffenverbreitung häufig eine wichtige Rolle. Trotzdem hat die theoretische Proliferationsforschung die Bedeutung des Individuums bislang wenig berücksichtigt. Eine Integration von individuellen Eigenschaften in die Analyse legt eine Änderung der abhängigen Variable vom Verhalten des Staates bezüglich einer Nuklearrüstung hin zu den Einstellungen der einzelnen EntscheidungsträgerInnen nahe. Dieser Schritt erhöht zwar geringfügig den Analyseaufwand, verspricht jedoch Vorteile für die Theoriebildung.

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Footnotes
1
Kristof bezog diese Worte jedoch auf die Chance zu einem Neuanfang in der US-Politik gegenüber Nordkorea.
 
2
Der actor-observer-bias ist nicht zu verwechseln mit dem bekannteren „fundamentalen Attributionsfehler“ (Ross 1977). Der fundamentale Attributionsfehler meint die Vernachlässigung von Kontextzwängen bei der Deutung des Verhaltens der gegnerischen Seite – und zwar trotz des Wissens, dass bei diesem Kontext stets dasselbe Verhalten beobachtet wurde. Das Konzept des fundamentalen Attributionsfehlers macht aber (anders als der actor-observer-bias) keine Aussagen zur Erklärung des eigenen Verhaltens.
 
3
Waltz (1959) unterscheidet first image (Eigenschaften des Individuums), second image (die innere Struktur der Staaten) und third image (die Charakteristika des internationalen Systems) als Analyseebenen.
 
4
Theoretisch blieb allerdings die Option einer gemeinsamen „europäischen Bombe“ der EVG offen, die durch einen Konsens der EVG-Mitgliedstaaten zum Leben hätte erweckt werden können.
 
5
Dies berichtete US-Vizepräsident Humphrey dem westdeutschen Botschafter in Washington im April 1967. Vgl. Auswärtiges Amt (1967, S. 617).
 
6
Ahmed (1998, S. 182) datiert Bhuttos erstes Drängen auf eine Kernwaffenoption bei Ayub Khan sogar auf 1958. Der dabei angeführte Verweis (Ahmed und Cortright 1998, S. 90) bleibt den Beleg aber schuldig.
 
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Metadata
Title
Bringing the First Image of Nuclear Politics Back in: Plädoyer für eine verstärkte Einbeziehung des Individuums in die theoretische Analyse der Proliferation von Kernwaffen
Author
Jonas Schneider
Publication date
01-01-2015
Publisher
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Published in
Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik / Issue 1/2015
Print ISSN: 1866-2188
Electronic ISSN: 1866-2196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12399-014-0440-x

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