2004 | OriginalPaper | Chapter
C-Arm-Based Navigation
Author : A. Hebecker
Published in: Navigation and Robotics in Total Joint and Spine Surgery
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Included in: Professional Book Archive
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The common feature of CT- and C-arm-based surgical navigation is the coupling of the medical image and the surgical action: The surgeon sees the instrument displayed as a virtual instrument in the medical image in real time. This is achieved by using surgical instruments equipped with infrared (IR) LEDs (active markers) or with reflecting spheres (passive markers), enabling the instrument to be ≫seen≪ by a camera.