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01-02-2021 | Thematic Issue

Caldelas and Gerês hydrothermal systems (NW Portugal): a comparative study based on geochemical and isotopic signatures

Authors: Paula M. Carreira, José Manuel Marques, Ana Guerra, Dina Nunes, Jorge Espinha Marques, José Teixeira, Helder I. Chaminé

Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences | Issue 3/2021

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Abstract

A study based on geochemical and environmental isotope data was performed in two low-temperature hydrothermal systems in NW Portugal (Caldelas and Gerês hydrothermal systems). This study aims to demonstrate the role of integrated hydrogeological tools for developing conceptual models of groundwater circulation. The studied hydrothermal systems are ascribed to groundwater circulation in fractured calc-alkaline/alkaline granitic contexts, responsible for different groundwater geochemical types. Caldelas hydrothermal system is dominated by Ca/Na-HCO₃ waters, while at Gerês, the hydrothermal system is characterized by Na-HCO₃-type waters. The isotopic signatures indicate that the preferential recharge areas are located at very different altitudes (Caldelas around 171 m a.s.l. and Gerês between 912 and 1118 m a.s.l.). The thermomineral waters issue with a mean temperature of 27 °C (Caldelas) and 43 °C (Gerês). Several geothermometers were used to estimate the reservoir temperature and the corresponding depth reached by the hydrothermal systems. At Caldelas, the mean estimated reservoir temperature was 42 ± 6 °C, using only the chalcedony and K²/Mg geothermometers, which suggests depths around 0.93 km. In the Gerês thermal area, the chalcedony, K²/Mg, and Na/K/Ca (β = 4/3) geothermometers gave a mean estimated reservoir temperature of 96 ± 5 °C, suggesting depths close to 2.8 km. In both case studies, conceptual circulation models are proposed, based on: geological heterogeneities, geochemical and isotopic signatures, mean preferential recharge altitudes, groundwater circulation paths, and mean residence time.

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Title: Caldelas and Gerês hydrothermal systems (NW Portugal): a comparative study based on geochemical and isotopic signatures
Authors: Paula M. Carreira
José Manuel Marques
Ana Guerra
Dina Nunes
Jorge Espinha Marques
José Teixeira
Helder I. Chaminé
Publication date: 01-02-2021
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences / Issue 3/2021
Print ISSN: 1866-6280
Electronic ISSN: 1866-6299
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09389-w

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