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2017 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Capacitively-Coupled Chopper Amplifiers

Authors: Qinwen Fan, Kofi A. A. Makinwa, Johan H. Huijsing

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Book Series : Analog Circuits and Signal Processing

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

This book describes the concept and design of the capacitively-coupled chopper technique, which can be used in precision analog amplifiers. Readers will learn to design power-efficient amplifiers employing this technique, which can be powered by regular low supply voltage such as 2V and possibly having a +/-100V input common-mode voltage input. The authors provide both basic design concepts and detailed design examples, which cover the area of both operational and instrumentation amplifiers for multiple applications, particularly in power management and biomedical circuit designs.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
In many measurement situations, the signal of interest is small, possibly in the range of tens of microvolts, and is superimposed on a much larger DC common-mode (CM) signal, possibly in the range of several volts.
Qinwen Fan, Kofi A. A. Makinwa, Johan H. Huijsing
Chapter 2. The Chopping Technique
Abstract
As briefly explained in Chap. 1, the chopping technique has been applied to convert DC input signals into AC signals that can then be capacitively coupled to the input stage of a capacitively coupled amplifier. Since chopping up-modulates offset and 1/f noise away from DC, high precision, i.e., microvolt offset and low 1/f noise, can be achieved. These characteristics make such amplifiers ideally suited for the amplification of small low-frequency signals. In this chapter, the basic working principle of chopping and its application in precision amplifiers will be discussed. It will be shown that chopping usually results in AC ripple at the chopping frequency, which must then be suppressed. Thus, the techniques to reduce this ripple will also be described. After this, the non-idealities of chopping will be discussed, followed by a summary of its pros and cons. Finally, conclusions will be drawn at the end of the chapter.
Qinwen Fan, Kofi A. A. Makinwa, Johan H. Huijsing
Chapter 3. Capacitively Coupled Chopper Amplifiers
Abstract
As discussed in Chap. 1, capacitively coupled chopper amplifiers can potentially handle input common-mode voltages far beyond their own supplies. Furthermore, their inherent use of chopping means that they can also achieve microvolt offset and low 1/f noise.
Qinwen Fan, Kofi A. A. Makinwa, Johan H. Huijsing
Chapter 4. Choppers for High Input Common-Mode Voltages
Abstract
As described in Chaps. 1 and 3, capacitively coupled chopper amplifiers can potentially achieve an input CMVR equal to the breakdown voltage of their input capacitors.
Qinwen Fan, Kofi A. A. Makinwa, Johan H. Huijsing
Chapter 5. Capacitively-Coupled Chopper Operational Amplifiers
Abstract
In Chap. 3, the basic capacitively-coupled chopper topology for operational amplifiers (opamp) has been described. In this chapter, two capacitively-coupled chopper opamps (CCOPA) will be presented. They both achieve wide input common-mode voltage range (CMVR) and high precision. The first opamp employs a single-path architecture and features high power efficiency and simplicity. The second opamp is more complex and employs a multipath architecture. Thus, it is less power efficient, but has a wider bandwidth and a smoother transfer function.
Qinwen Fan, Kofi A. A. Makinwa, Johan H. Huijsing
Chapter 6. Capacitively Coupled Chopper Instrumentation Amplifiers for High-Side Current Sensing
Abstract
In Chap. 1, it was mentioned that high-side current sensing is an important application for capacitively coupled chopper amplifiers.
Qinwen Fan, Kofi A. A. Makinwa, Johan H. Huijsing
Chapter 7. Capacitively Coupled Chopper Instrumentation Amplifiers for Low-Voltage Applications
Abstract
Chapter 6 has explored the use of a CCIA for high-side current sensing applications, where its wide CMVR and high power efficiency can be optimally leveraged.
Qinwen Fan, Kofi A. A. Makinwa, Johan H. Huijsing
Chapter 8. Conclusions
Abstract
In the previous chapters, the design and realization of prototype capacitively coupled chopper operational amplifiers (CCOPAs) and capacitively coupled chopper instrumentation amplifiers (CCIAs) have been described. In this chapter, conclusions will be drawn based on the experimental results obtained with these prototypes. The original contributions of the author are listed.
Qinwen Fan, Kofi A. A. Makinwa, Johan H. Huijsing
Metadata
Title
Capacitively-Coupled Chopper Amplifiers
Authors
Qinwen Fan
Kofi A. A. Makinwa
Johan H. Huijsing
Copyright Year
2017
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-47391-8
Print ISBN
978-3-319-47390-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47391-8