Chains of Elongated Figures as Control Networks in Mines and Tunnels

The most often used control networks in mines and tunnels are traverses or traverse networks. The advantages of this kind of control are due to simplicity of its establishment, while shortcomings stem from its limited accuracy. Besides, the traverse control networks are characterized by weak geometry, low number of redundant observations, low degree of reliability, low degree of likelihood of point accuracy assessment (wide confidence intervals), etc. The abovementioned shortcomings can be overcome to a certain degree, when traverses are replaced by chains of elongated rectangles of various arrangement of observations. The arrangement of observations depends on the assumed point accuracy and the measurement technique.