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Quality of Life Research
Published in: Quality of Life Research 1/2013

01-02-2013

Clinical dimensions of fibromyalgia symptoms and development of a combined index of severity: The CODI index

Authors: Antonio Cuesta-Vargas, Juan V. Luciano, Maria Teresa Peñarrubia-María, Javier García-Campayo, Rita Fernández-Vergel, Manuel Arroyo-Morales, Antoni Serrano-Blanco, The FibroQoL Study Group

Published in: Quality of Life Research | Issue 1/2013

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Abstract

Background

Although a large body of work indicates that fibromyalgia (FM) is not a discrete entity, few studies have attempted to classify the heterogeneity of FM symptoms. The objectives of the present study were to confirm the existence of two latent dimensions underlying FM symptoms (Core-FM symptoms and Distress) by means of factor analysis techniques, and to develop and validate a new combined index of symptom severity (the CODI).

Methods

We analyzed and combined the baseline scores on six visual analog scales of the FIQ (pain, general fatigue, morning fatigue, stiffness, anxiety, and depression) and on the STAI-T (trait anxiety) of 216 Spanish patients diagnosed with FM (97.7% women) who were participating in a randomized, controlled trial.

Results

The principal component analysis indicated the presence of two correlated factors (labeled as Core-FM symptoms and Distress) that explained 64% of total variance. The subsequent confirmatory factor analysis yielded more empirical support for the two-factor model than the one-factor model (all items loading on one latent dimension). The two factors possessed adequate internal consistency and construct validity given the pattern of significant correlations with the Euroqol items. The Core-FM dimension had a stronger relationship with mobility, self-care, usual activities, and pain/discomfort than with anxiety/depression, whereas the Distress dimension showed the opposite pattern. Finally, summing the standardized scores of the two dimensions, a new combined index of symptom severity (the CODI) was developed.

Conclusion

The clinical implications and utility of the CODI are discussed in relation to previous research on FM.
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Metadata
Title
Clinical dimensions of fibromyalgia symptoms and development of a combined index of severity: The CODI index
Authors
Antonio Cuesta-Vargas
Juan V. Luciano
Maria Teresa Peñarrubia-María
Javier García-Campayo
Rita Fernández-Vergel
Manuel Arroyo-Morales
Antoni Serrano-Blanco
The FibroQoL Study Group
Publication date
01-02-2013
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Quality of Life Research / Issue 1/2013
Print ISSN: 0962-9343
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2649
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0134-6

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