Top

Cellulose

Published in:

30-06-2021 | Original Research

Combined polyhexamethylene guanidine and nanocellulose for the conservation and enhancement of ancient paper

Authors: Xiaochun Ma, Shenglong Tian, Xiaohong Li, Huiming Fan, Shiyu Fu

Published in: Cellulose | Issue 12/2021

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Here we propose a new reinforcement and mold-resistant method for ancient books based on the suspension of nanocellulose (CNC) and polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG). The paper documents were treated with the reinforcement suspension under the optimum ratio obtained by response surface methodology (RSM), then tested for mildew resistance and accelerated aging experiments to evaluate the anti-mildew effect, mechanical strengthening properties and durability of CNC/PHMG compound solution on ancient books. The results showed the mechanical properties of the paper treated by CNC/PHMG were significantly improved at the optimum ratio (0.3:0.3 wt%), with the folding endurance increased by 1.78 times and the increase ratio of tensile strain was 46.62%. Meanwhile, the treated paper maintained the same good zero-span tensile strength after aging 7 days as the sample unaged untreated, indicating superior aging resistance of this treatment method. In addition, excellent biocidal activity with the growth trace of mold less than 10% was observed on treated paper. In conclusion, it is a method that simple to operate, which can be a promising treatment of conservation and enhancement of ancient paper.

Graphic abstract

previous article Targeted acetylation of wood: a tool for tuning wood-water interactions

next article Shear modulus of single wood pulp fibers from torsion tests

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Available only for authorised users

Amornkitbamrung L et al (2015) Polysaccharide stabilized nanoparticles for deacidification and strengthening of paper. RSC Advances 5:32950–32961.CrossRef

Bergamonti L et al (2020) Ag-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose for paper preservation and strengthening. Carbohydr Polym. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115773CrossRefPubMed

Brogden KA (2005) Antimicrobial peptides: pore formers or metabolic inhibitors in bacteria? Nat Rev Microbiol 3:238–250. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1098CrossRefPubMed

Buxbaum A, Kratzer C, Graninger W, Georgopoulos A (2006) Antimicrobial and toxicological profile of the new biocide Akacid plus. J Antimicrob Chemother 58:193–197. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkl206CrossRefPubMed

Cappitelli F, Catto C, Villa F (2020) The control of cultural heritage microbial deterioration. Microorganisms 8:1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101542CrossRefPubMedCentral

Choi J-i, Chung YJ, Kang DI, Lee KS, Lee J-W (2012) Effect of radiation on disinfection and mechanical properties of Korean traditional paper, Hanji. Rad Phys Chem 81:1051–1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.11.019CrossRef

Dai L, Liu R, Hu LQ, Si CL (2017) Simple and green fabrication of AgCl/Ag-cellulose paper with antibacterial and photocatalytic activity. Carbohydr Polym 174:450–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.107CrossRefPubMed

Dupont AL, Lavédrine B, Cheradame H (2010) Mass deacidification and reinforcement of papers and books VI – Study of aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane treated papers. Polym Degrad Stab 95:2300–2308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.09.002CrossRef

Erhardt D, Mecklenburg MF (1995) Accelerated vs natural aging: effect of aging conditions on the aging process of cellulose. MRS Online Proce Libr Arch 352(352):247–270. https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-352-247CrossRef

Fan H, Guo M (2018) The preservation and repair of ancient books. China Pulp Paper 8:61–65. https://doi.org/10.11980/j.issn.0254-508X.2018.08.011CrossRef

Feiertag P, Albert M, Ecker-Eckhofen E‐M, Hayn G, Hönig H, Oberwalder HW, Saf R, Schmidt A, Schmidt O, Topchiev D (2003) Structural characterization of biocidal oligoguanidines. Macromol Rapid Commun 24:567–570. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200390085CrossRef

Gatti L, Troiano F, Vacchini V, Cappitelli F, Balloi A (2020) An in vitro evaluation of the biocidal effect of Oregano and Cloves’ volatile compounds against microorganisms colonizing an oil painting—a pioneer study. Appl Sci 11(1):78. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010078CrossRef

Gong CH et al (2014) Facile in situ synthesis of nickel/cellulose nanocomposites: mechanisms, properties and perspectives. Cellulose 21:4359–4368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0453-6CrossRef

He B, Lin Q, Chang M, Liu C, Fan H, Ren J (2019) A new and highly efficient conservation treatment for deacidification and strengthening of aging paper by in-situ quaternization. Carbohydr Polym 209:250–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.034CrossRefPubMed

Hong SB et al (2014) A cluster of lung injury associated with home humidifier use: clinical, radiological and pathological description of a new syndrome. Thorax 69:694–702. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204135CrossRefPubMed

Isca C, Di Maggio R, Pajares Collado N, Predieri G, Lottici PP (2018) The use of polyamidoamines for the conservation of iron-gall inked paper. Cellulose 26:1277–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2105-8CrossRef

Jalali MR, Sobati MA (2017) Intensification of oxidative desulfurization of gas oil by ultrasound irradiation: optimization using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Appl Therm Eng 111:1158–1170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.015CrossRef

Jeong SH, Lee HJ, Kim DW, Chung YJ (2018) New biocide for eco-friendly biofilm removal on outdoor stone monuments. Int Biodet Biodeg 131:19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.03.004CrossRef

Jia H, Hongli Y, Chen Z et al (2013) Highly transparent and flexible nanopaper transistors. ACS Nano 7(3):2106–2113. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn304407rCrossRef

Kim KW et al (2014) Humidifier disinfectant-associated children’s interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 189:48–56. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201306-1088OCCrossRefPubMed

Kolbe G (2004) Gelatine in historical paper production and as inhibiting agent for iron-gall ink corrosion on paper. Restaurator 25(1):26–39. https://doi.org/10.1515/REST.2004.26CrossRef

Konkol NR, McNamara CJ, Hellman E, Mitchell R (2012) Early detection of fungal biomass on library materials. J Cult Herit 13:115–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2010.05.002CrossRef

Kukharenko O et al (2014) Promising low cost antimicrobial composite material based on bacterial cellulose and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride. Euro Polym J 60:247–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.09.014CrossRef

Liu K, Xu Y, Lin X, Chen L, Huang L, Cao S, Li J (2014) Synergistic effects of guanidine-grafted CMC on enhancing antimicrobial activity and dry strength of paper. Carbohydr Polym 110:382–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.086CrossRefPubMed

Manetti F et al (2009) Synthesis of new linear guanidines and macrocyclic amidinourea derivatives endowed with high antifungal activity against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. J Med Chem 52:7376–7379. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm900760kCrossRefPubMed

Mathurin YK, Koffi-Nevry R, Guehi ST, Tano K, Oule MK (2012) Antimicrobial activities of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride-based disinfectant against fungi isolated from cocoa beans and reference strains of bacteria. J Food Prot 75:1167–1171. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-361CrossRefPubMed

Oule MK et al (2008) Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride-based disinfectant: a novel tool to fight meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and nosocomial infections. J Med Microbiol 57:1523–1528. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.2008/003350-0CrossRefPubMed

Park DU, Park J, Yang KW, Park JH, Kwon JH, Oh HB (2020) Properties of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) associated with fatal lung injury in Korea. Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143301CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Peng Y, Duan C, Elias R, Lucia LA, Fu S (2018) A new protocol for efficient and high yield preparation of cellulose nanofibrils. Cellulose 26:877–887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2112-9CrossRef

Peydayesh M, Bagheri M, Mohammadi T, Bakhtiari O (2017) Fabrication optimization of polyethersulfone (PES)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofiltration membranes using Box–Behnken response surface method. RSC Adv 7:24995–25008. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra03566gCrossRef

Piantanida G, Pinzari F, Montanari M, Bicchieri M, Coluzza C (2006) Atomic force microscopy applied to the study of whatman paper surface deteriorated by a cellulolytic filamentous fungus. Macromol Symp 238:92–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.200650613CrossRef

Pinto F, Maillard JY, Denyer SP, McGeechan P (2010) Polyhexamethylene biguanide exposure leads to viral aggregation. J Appl Microbiol 108:1880–1888. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04596.xCrossRefPubMed

Piovesan C, Fabre-Francke I, Paris-Lacombe S, Dupont A-L, Fichet O (2018) Strengthening naturally and artificially aged paper using polyaminoalkylalkoxysilane copolymer networks. Cellulose 25:6071–6082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1955-4CrossRef

Ponce-Jimenez MDP, Toral LD, Fornue ED (2003) Antifungal protection and sizing of paper with chitosan saltsand cellulose ethers. part 1, physical effects. J Am Inst Conserv 41(3):243. https://doi.org/10.2307/3179921CrossRef

Qian L, Guan Y, He B, Xiao H (2008) Modified guanidine polymers: synthesis and antimicrobial mechanism revealed by AFM. Polymer 49:2471–2475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2008.03.042CrossRef

Rabelo SC, Andrade RR, Maciel Filho R, Costa AC (2014) Alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of sugarcane bagasse to ethanol. Fuel 136:349–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.07.033CrossRef

Ravines P, Indictor N, Evetts DM (1989) Methylcellulose as an impregnating agent for use in paper conservation. Int J Preserv Libr Arch Mater Restaur 10:32–46. https://doi.org/10.1515/rest.1989.10.1.32CrossRef

Salama A, Hasanin M, Hesemann P (2020) Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of new chitosan derivatives containing guanidinium groups. Carbohydr Polym 241:116363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116363CrossRefPubMed

Sarantopoulou E, Kollia Z, Gomoiu I (2006) Preventing biological activity of Ulocladium sp spores in artifacts using 157-nm laser. Appl Phys A 83:663–668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-006-3554-8CrossRef

Seki M, Sonoda N, Hidaka S, Morita T, Okayama T (2010) A new technique for strengthening book papers with cellulose derivatives. Part 2: effect of cellulose derivatives on different types of paper. Restaurator. https://doi.org/10.1515/rest.2010.008CrossRef

Sequeira SO, Cabrita EJ, Macedo FM (2014) Fungal biodeterioration of paper: how are paper and book conservators dealing with it? An international survey. Rest Int J Preserv Lib Arch 35:181–199. https://doi.org/10.1515/res-2014-0005CrossRef

Sequeira S, Cabrita EJ, Macedo MF (2012) Antifungals on paper conservation: an overview. Int Biodeteriorat Biodegrad 74:67–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.07.011CrossRef

Simona Margutti GC, Calvini P, Pedemonte E (2001) Hydrolytic and oxidative degradation of paper. Restaurator 22(2):67–83. https://doi.org/10.1515/REST.2001.67CrossRef

Sundholm F, Tahvanainen M (2004) Paper conservation using aqueous solutions of calcium hydroxide/methyl cellulose. 3. the influence on the degradation of papers. Restaurator 25:15–25. https://doi.org/10.1515/rest.2004.15CrossRef

Thakkar P, Passic, Zhu K, Welsh et al (2009) Specific interactions between the viral coreceptor cxcr4 and the biguanide-based compound nb325 mediate inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53(2):631–638CrossRef

Wang L (2006) Ancient book restoration——the Burden is heavy and the road ahead is long. J Lib Inform Sci Agric 08:89–90. https://doi.org/10.13998/j.cnki.issn1002-1248.2006.08.031CrossRef

Wang L, Guo H, Chen X, Chen Q, Wei X, Ding Y, Zhu B (2015) Optimization of the catalytic hydrogenation of terebinth by a Ni-based catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 5:3340–3351. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cy01704hCrossRef

Wei D, Li Z, Wang H, Liu J, Xiao H, Zheng A, Guan Y (2017) Antimicrobial paper obtained by dip-coating with modified guanidine-based particle aqueous dispersion. Cellulose 24:3901–3910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1386-7CrossRef

Xiao G, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Fu S (2020) Dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals act as multi-role for the formation of ultra-fine gold nanoparticles with high efficiency. Int J Biol Macromol 163:788–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.057CrossRefPubMed

Yi X, Yan Z, Zhang M, Long K (2017) Study on the consolidation of aged literature’s paper by nanocellulose. J Cell Sci Technol 25(3):8–19. https://doi.org/10.16561/j.cnki.xws.2017.03.05CrossRef

Yuri Kobayashi TS, Akira Isogai (2015) Aerogels with 3d ordered nanofiber skeletons of liquid-crystalline nanocellulose derivatives as tough and transparent insulators. Angewandte Chemie Int Ed 53(39):10253–10253. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201406635CrossRef

Zeng X, Fu S, Retulainen E, Heinemann S (2012) Fibre deformations induced by different mechanical treatments and their effect on zero-span strength. Nordic Pulp Paper Res J 27(2):335–342. https://doi.org/10.3183/NPPRJ-2012-27-02-p335-342CrossRef

Zhai P (2020) Study on the aging characteristics of the paper with talc as filler and its deacidification and strengthening. China Pulp and Paper 39:31–37

Zhang W et al (2016) Paper reinforced with regenerated cellulose: a sustainable and fascinating material with good mechanical performance, barrier properties and shape retention in water. J Mat Chem A 4:17483–17490. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta07681eCrossRef

Zhang Y, Jiang J, Chen Y (1999) Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of polymeric guanidine and biguanidine salts. Polymer 40(22):6189–6198. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00828-3CrossRef

Zhong LX, Peng XW, Yang D, Cao XF, Sun RC (2013) Long-chain anhydride modification: a new strategy for preparing xylan films. J Agric Food Chem 61:655–661. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf304818fCrossRefPubMed

Title: Combined polyhexamethylene guanidine and nanocellulose for the conservation and enhancement of ancient paper
Authors: Xiaochun Ma
Shenglong Tian
Xiaohong Li
Huiming Fan
Shiyu Fu
Publication date: 30-06-2021
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Published in: Cellulose / Issue 12/2021
Print ISSN: 0969-0239
Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03989-2

Springer Professional

Abstract

Graphic abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 12/2021

Shear modulus of single wood pulp fibers from torsion tests

Recent advances in the application of cellulose derivatives for removal of contaminants from aquatic environments

Degradation mechanism of green biopolyester nanocomposites with various cellulose nanocrystal based nanohybrids

Interfacial interactions between urea formaldehyde and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) of varying chemical composition and their impact on particle board (PB) manufacture

Preparation and characterization of bionanocomposite films based on wheat starch and reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals

From unavoidable food waste to advanced biomaterials: microfibrilated lignocellulose production by microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment of cassava peel and almond hull