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2005 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Conservation of Coastal Sites

Author : Vincent May

Published in: Encyclopedia of Coastal Science

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

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Conservation of coastal resources has been practiced throughout human history as communities have endeavored to manage the food, water, and other resources of the coast in ways which ensure that each season or year will bring at least comparable bounty from the sea and the land. Protection of coastal sites in the historic past usually meant protection of areas to be used for elite recreation or as locations where coastal resources were to be conserved. Only in recent centuries, however, have communities begun to take specific action to conserve coastal sites for their natural flora and fauna. This has meant that some areas of coastal land and water have been designated as more important for conservation than others. This may have led to distortions in the behavior of coastal ecosystems which are just as important as the distortions which conservation is intended to prevent.
Table C14
Typology of coastal conservation sites
Level of designation
Features of importance for designation
Examplar categories
Examplar sites
Global
Having features of ecological, biological, geological, cultural, archaeological significance at international level
World Heritage Site
Great Barrier Reef (Australia)
Biosphere Reserve
Danube Delta (Rumania)
Ramsar Site
Karavasta Lagoon (Albania)
Regional
Habitats of regional significance
European SACs
Chesil and the Fleet (UK)
Sites of importance for migrating birds
European SPAs
Wadden See (NL, D, and DK)
National
Key habitats or species
NNRs
Studland (UK)
Biological Reserve
Isla del Caño (Costa Rica)
National Wildlife Refuge
Kodiak (USA)
Protection of fauna and flora with extensive recreational activities
National Parks
Fuji-Hakone-Izu (Japan)
Protection of fauna and flora with limited recreational activities
National Monument
Fort Jefferson (USA)
Marine Parks
Oshimoto (Japan)
Protection of marine areas
Marine Sanctuary
Farallon Islands (USA)
MPA
Milieuzone Noordzee (NL)
Marine Life Conservation District
Waikiki (USA)
Protection of sensitive estuarine areas
National Estuarine Research Reserve
South Slough (Oregon, USA)
Protection of site of scientific importance (geological or biological)
SSSI
Dungeness (UK)
 
Site
Anse du Gris-Nez (France)
Recreational site with ecological
National Recreation Area
Oregon Dunes (USA)
Protection of archaeological, anthropological, or historic site
Area of Archaeological Importance (AAI)
Hengistbury Head (UK)
Anthropological Reserve
Cota Brus (Costa Rica)
National Historic Site
San Juan Island (USA)
Local
Protection of locally important habitats or species
Local Nature Reserve (LNR)
Lundy Island (UK)
Ecological Reserve
Tomales Bay (USA)
Protection of fauna and flora and provision for recreational activities
State Park
Humboldt Lagoons (USA)
Local protection of marine habitats with extensive recreational activities
Municipal Marine Park
Balicasag Island (Philippines)
State Seashore
Del Norte (USA)
…

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Literature
1.
Barragan, J.M., 1997, Medio ambiente y desarrollo en las areas litorales, Barcelona: Oikos-tau.
2.
California Coastal Commission, 1987. California Coastal Resource Guide. Berkeley: University of California Press.
3.
Cicin-Sain, B., and Knecht, R.W., 1998. Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management: Concepts and Practices. Washington, DC: Island Press.
4.
de Jong, F. et al., 1999. Wadden Sea Quality Status Report.Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 9. Germany: Petra Potel.
5.
Ehrenfeld, D.W., 1976. The conservation of non-resources, American Scientist, 64: 648–656.
6.
European Commission, 1979. Council Directive on the conservation of wild birds 79/409/EEC.
7.
European Commission, 1997. Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora as amended by the Act of Accession to the European Union of Austria, Finland and Sweden and by Council Directive 97/62/EEC.
8.
European Union for Coastal Conservation (EUCC), 1995. Conservatoire de l’Espace Littoral et des Rivages Lacustres. Coastline, 4(1): 13–20.
9.
Favennec, J., 2000. The Office National des Forêts, actively involved in managing and protecting the French coast. Coastline, 9(2): 7–19.
10.
IUCN 1994 Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories, Gland: IUCN Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas with the assistance of the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Gland.
11.
May, V., and Hansom, J., 2003. Coastal Geomorphology of Great Britain, Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee Geological Conservation Review.
12.
May, V.J., and Schwartz, M.L., 1981. Worldwide sites of special scientific interest. In Bird, E.C.F., and Koike, K. (eds.), Coastal Dynamics and Scientific sites, Tokyo: Komazawa University, pp. 91–118.
13.
Meur-Férec, C., 1997. A comparative review of coastal conservation policies in France, and England and Wales. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 3: 121–132.
14.
PHARE, 1996. Karavasta Lagoon-Wetland Management Project: Ramsar Site Management Plan, Volume 32. France: Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat.
15.
RAMSAR, 1996. Albania’s Karavasta Lagoon. Ramsar Archives.
16.
RAMSAR, 2001. The List of Wetlands of International Importance. Ramsar Archives.
17.
Ratcliffe, D.W., 1977. A Nature Conservation Review. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), 1992. Protected Areas of the World: A Review of National Systems. Barcelona, Spain.
Metadata
Title
Conservation of Coastal Sites
Author
Vincent May
Copyright Year
2005
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Book
Encyclopedia of Coastal Science

Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-1903-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4020-3880-8

Copyright Year: 2005

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_97