Top

Published in:

2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

12. Coral Reef Bioerosion in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Authors : Juan José Alvarado, Benjamin Grassian, Jaime Ricardo Cantera-Kintz, José Luis Carballo, Edgardo Londoño-Cruz

Published in: Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Bioerosion, the weakening and erosion of hard substrates by boring, etching, and grazing organisms, is a major structuring force on coral reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). Bioerosional processes are the main source of reef erosion, and facilitate recycling of reefal carbonate. In healthy reefs, a dynamic balance exists between destructive (i.e. bioerosion) and constructive (i.e. bioaccretion) processes, allowing for maintenance and growth of reef frameworks. In changing environments, however, bioerosion rates can exceed those of coral calcification, leading to reduced reef development and the destruction of reef frameworks. In the ETP, high rates of bioerosion are promoted by nutrient-rich upwelling and high primary productivity conditions, recurrent coral bleaching and mortality events, and a chemical environment characterized by high-pCO₂ and low aragonite saturation state. Here we examine bioerosion in ETP coral habitats and the variable roles of reef-dwelling bioeroder taxa: microbial euendoliths (microendoliths), sponges, polychaetes, sipunculans, crustaceans, molluscs, echinoids, and reef fishes. Among these agents of bioerosion, sponges, sipunculans, bivalves, and echinoderms have been relatively well studied in this region, while information is currently lacking or limited for microendolith assemblages, polychaetes and reef fishes. The frequency of coral invasion by clionaid sponges (e.g., Cliona vermifera and Thoosa mismalolli) is variable between ETP coral habitats. Dense boring sponge assemblages can lead to high rates of carbonate losses exceeding those of bioaccretion. Boring bivalves (i.e., species of Lithophaga and Gastrochaena) are very abundant on many actively accreting reefs and are generally more prominent contributors to reef erosion in the ETP than in other regions. Sea urchins are by far the most destructive grazers of coral substrates in habitats where abundant. Following ENSO-associated coral mortality events, intense bioerosion by sea urchins has impeded coral recovery and compromised reef health at many eastern Pacific sites. This chapter reviews factors important in ETP bioerosion, and current knowledge of bioeroder populations in the region.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Algal Dynamics: Alternate Stable States of Reefs in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

next chapter Diversity, Distribution and Stability of Symbiodinium in Reef Corals of the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Acker KL, Risk MJ (1985) Substrate destruction and sediment production by the boring sponge Cliona caribbaea on Grand Cayman Island. J Sed Petrol 56:705–711

Alvarado JJ, Cortés J, Reyes-Bonilla H (2012) Reconstruction of Diadema mexicanum A. Agassiz, 1863 bioerosion impact on three Costa Rican Pacific coral reefs. Rev Biol Trop 60(Suppl 2):121–132

Ansell AD, Nair NB (1969) The mechanisms of boring in Martesia striata Linné (Bivalvia: Pholadidae) and Xylophaga dorsalis Turton (Bivalvia: Xylophaginidae). Proc Royal Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 174(1034):123–133

Appana SD, Vuki VC (2006) Bioerosion patterns and abundance and spatial distribution of Echinometra sp. A (green white tip) ecomorph on Nukubuco reef, Fiji. In: Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, pp 938–945

Bak RPM (1976) The growth of coral colonies and the importance of crustose coralline algae and burrowing sponges in relation with carbonate accumulation. Neth J Sea Res 10:285–337CrossRef

Bak RPM (1990) Patterns of echinoid bioerosion in two Pacific coral reef lagoons. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 66:267–272CrossRef

Bak RPM (1994) Sea urchin bioerosion on coral reefs: place in the carbonate budget and relevant variables. Coral Reefs 13:99–103CrossRef

Bak RPM, van Eys G (1975) Predation of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum Philippi on living coral. Oecologia 20:111–115CrossRef

Bak RPM, Carpay MJE, de Ruyter van Steveninck ED (1984) Densities of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum before and after mass mortalities on the coral reefs of Curaçao. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 17:105–108CrossRef

Baker AC, Glynn PW, Riegl B (2008) Climate change and coral reef bleaching: an ecological assessment of long-term impacts, recovery trends and future outlook. Estuar Coast Shelf S 80(4):435–471CrossRef

Bautista-Guerrero E, Carballo JL, Maldonado M (2014) Abundance and reproductive patterns of the excavating sponge Cliona vermifera: a threat to Pacific coral reefs? Coral Reefs 33(1):259–266CrossRef

Bellwood DR, Choat JH (1990) A functional analysis of grazing in parrotfishes (Family Scaridae)—The ecological implications. Env Biol Fish 28:189–214CrossRef

Benítez-Villalobos F, Domínguez-Gómez MT, López-Pérez RA (2008) Temporal variation of the sea urchin Diadema mexicanum population density at Bahías de Huatulco, Western Mexico. Rev Biol Trop 56(Suppl 3):255–263

Bentis CJ, Kaufman L, Golubic S (2000) Endolithic fungi in reef-building corals (Order: Scleractinia) are common, cosmopolitan, and potentially pathogenic. Biol Bull 198:254–260CrossRef

Birkeland C (1977) The importance of rate of biomass accumulation in early successional stages of benthic communities to the survival of coral recruits. In: Proceedings of 3rd International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 1, Miami, pp 15–21

Birkeland C (1989) The influence of echinoderms on coral-reef communities. In: Jangoux M, Lawrence JM (eds) Echinoderm Studies 3. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 1–79

Blake JA (1991) The polychaete fauna of the Galápagos Islands. In: James MJ (ed) Galápagos marine invertebrates. Taxonomy, biogeography, and evolution in Darwin’s Islands. Plenum Press, New York, pp 75–96

Brown-Saracino J, Peckol P, Curran HA, Robbart ML (2007) Spatial variation in sea urchins, fish predators, and bioerosion rates on coral reefs of Belize. Coral Reefs 26:71–78CrossRef

Bruggemann JH, van Kessel AM, van Rooij JM, Breeman AM (1996) Bioerosion and sediment ingestion by the Caribbean parrotfish Scarus vetula and Sparisoma viride: implications of fish size, feeding mode and habitat use. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 134:59–71CrossRef

Cailliaud F (1843) Notice sur le genre Gatrochène. Mag Zool 1843:1–10

Cailliaud F (1850) Nouvelles obvservations au sujet de la perforation des pierres par les mollusques. J Conchol 1:363

Calcinai B, Azzini F, Bavestrello G, Gaggero L, Cerrano C (2007) Excavating rates and boring pattern of Cliona albimarginata (Porifera: Clionaidae) in different substrata. In: Custódio MR, Lôbo-Hajdu G, Hajdu E, Muricy G (eds) Porifera research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Série Livros 28. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp 203–207

Campbell SE (1982) Precambrian endoliths discovered. Nature 299:429–431CrossRef

Cantera JR, Zapata F, Forero P, Francisco V, Jiménez JM, Londoño E, Narvaez K, Neira R, Orozco CA, Toro-Farmer G (2001) Organismos bioerosionadores en arrecifes de Isla Gorgona. In: Barrios LM, López-Victoria M (eds) Gorgona marina: contribución al conocimiento de una isla única, Serie Publicaciones Especiales 7. INVEMAR, Magdalena, pp 51–64

Cantera JR, Orozco C, Londoño-Cruz E, Toro G (2003) Abundance and distribution patterns of infaunal associates and macroborers of the branched coral in Gorgona Island. Bull Mar Sci 72:207–219

Carballo JL, Sánchez-Moyano JE, García Gómez JC (1994) Taxonomic and ecological remarks on boring sponges (Clionidae) from the Straits of Gibraltar (southern Spain): tentative bioindicators? Zool J Lin Soc 112:407–424CrossRef

Carballo JL, Cruz-Barraza JA, Gómez P (2004) Taxonomy and description of clionaid sponges (Hadromerida, Clionaidae) from the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Zool J Lin Soc 141:353–397CrossRef

Carballo JL, Hepburn L, Nava H, Cruz-Barraza JA, Bautista-Guerrero E (2007) Coral boring Aka-species (Porifera: Phloeodictyidae) from Mexico with description of Aka cryptica sp. nov. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 87:1477–1484CrossRef

Carballo JL, Bautista-Guerrero E, Leyte-Morales GE (2008) Boring sponges and the modelling of coral reefs in the East Pacific Ocean. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 356:113–122CrossRef

Carballo JL, Cruz-Barraza JA, Nava H, Bautista E (2010a) Esponjas perforadoras de sustratos calcáreos: importancia en los ecosistemas arrecifales del Pacífico este. Rev Biol Trop 58:1591–1592

Carballo JL, Bautista-Guerrero E, Nava H, Cruz Barraza JA (2010b) Cambio climático y ecosistemas costeros. Bases fundamentales para la conservación de los arrecifes de coral del Pacífico Este. In: Hernández-Zanuy AC, Alcolado PM (eds) La biodiversidad en ecosistemas marinos y costeros del litoral de Iberoamérica y el cambio climático: I. Red Cyted Biodivmar, Havana, pp 183–193

Carballo JL, Bautista-Guerrero E, Nava H, Cruz-Barraza JA, Chávez JA (2013) Boring sponges, an increasing threat for coral reefs affected by bleaching events. Ecol Evol 4:872–886CrossRef

Carreiro-Silva M, McClanahan TR (2001) Echinoid bioerosion and hervibory on Kenyan coral reefs: the role of protection from fishing. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 262:133–153CrossRef

Carter JG (1978) Ecology and evolution of the Gastrochaenacea (Mollusca, Bivalvia) with notes on the evolution of the endolithic habitat. Peabod Mus Nat Hist Yale Univ Bull 41:48–51

Chazottes V, Le Campion-Alsumard T, Peyrot-Clausade M (1995) Bioerosion rates on coral reefs: interactions between macroborers, microborers and grazers (Moorea, French Polynesia). Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 113(2):189–198CrossRef

Colgan M (1990) El Niño and the history of Eastern Pacific reef building. In: Glynn PW (ed) Global ecological consequences of the 1982–83 El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 183–232CrossRef

Conand C, Chabanet P, Cuet P, Letourneur Y (1997) The carbonate budget of a fringing reef in La Réunion Island (Indian Ocean): sea urchin and fish bioerosion and net calcification. In: Proceedings of 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 1, Panama, pp 953–958

Cortés J (1985) Preliminary observations of Alpheus simus Guérin-Méneville, 1856 (Crustacea: Alpheidae): a little-known Caribbean bioeroder. In: Proceedings of 5th International Coral Reef Congress, vol 5, Tahiti, pp 351–353

Cortés J (1991) Los arrecifes coralinos del Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica: aspectos geológicos. Rev Geol Amer Central 13:15–24

Cortés J (1997) Biology and geology of eastern Pacific coral reefs. Coral Reefs 16(Suppl):S39–S46

Cortés J, Jiménez C (2003) Corals and coral reefs of the Pacific of Costa Rica: history, research and status. In: Cortés J (ed) Latin American coral reefs. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp 361–385

Cruz-Barraza JA, Carballo JL (2008) Taxonomy of sponges associated with corals from the Mexican Pacific Ocean. Zool Stud 47:741–758

Cutler EB (ed) (1994) The Sipuncula: their systematics, biology, and evolution. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, p 453

Cutler NJ, Cutler EB, Vargas JA (1992) Peanut worms (phylum Sipuncula) from Costa Rica. Gusanos maní (phylum Sipuncula) de Costa Rica. Rev Biol Trop 40:153–158

Davies PJ, Hutchings PA (1983) Initial colonization, erosion and accretion on coral substrate: experimental results, Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 2:27–35CrossRef

Dean HK, Sibaja-Cordero JA, Cortés J (2010) Sipunculans and echiurans of Isla del Coco (Cocos Island), Costa Rica. Zootaxa 2557:60–68

DeCarlo TM, Cohen AL, Barkley HC, Cobban Q, Young C, Shamberger KE, Brainard RE, Golbuu Y (2015) Coral macrobioerosion is accelerated by ocean acidification and nutrients. Geology 43:7–10CrossRef

Deshayes GP (1850) Traité élémentaire de conchyliologie: avec les applications de cette science à la géologie. Tome premier. Seconde partie. V Mason, Paris, p 824

Downing N, El-Zahr CR (1987) Gut evacuation and filling rates in the rock-boring sea urchin, Echinometra mathaei. Bull Mar Sci 41:579–584

Duckworth AR, Peterson BJ (2013) Effects of seawater temperature and pH on the boring rates of the sponge Cliona celata in scallop shells. Mar Biol 160:27–35CrossRef

Eakin CM (1987) Damselfishes and their algal lawns: a case of plural mutualism. Symbiosis 4(1–3):275–288

Eakin CM (1988) Avoidance of damselfish lawns by the sea urchin Diadema mexicanum at Uva Island, Panama. In: Proceedings of 6th International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 2, Townsville, pp 21–26

Eakin CM (1991) The damselfish-algal lawn symbiosis and its influence on the bioerosion of an El Niño impacted coral reef, Uva Island, Pacific Panama. PhD Dissert, Univ Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, p 158

Eakin CM (1992) Post-El Niño Panamanian reefs: less accretion, more erosion and damselfish protection. In: Proceedings of 7th International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 1, Guam, pp 387–396

Eakin CM (1996) Where have all the carbonates gone? A model comparison of calcium carbonate budgets befote and after the 1982–1983 El Niño at Uva Island in the Eastern Pacific. Coral Reefs 15:109–119

Eakin CM (2001) A tale of two ENSO events: carbonate budgets and the influence of two warming disturbances and intervening variability, Uva Island, Panama. Bull Mar Sci 69:171–186

Edgar GJ, Banks SA, Bessudo S, Cortés J, Guzman HM, Henderson S, Martinez C, Rivera F, Soler G, Ruiz D, Zapata FA (2011) Variation in reef fish and invertebrate communities with level of protection from fishing across the eastern tropical Pacific seascape. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 20(5):730–743

Enochs IC (2012) Motile cryptofauna associated with live and dead coral substrates: implications for coral mortality and framework erosion. Mar Biol 159:709–722CrossRef

Enochs IC, Manzello DP (2012) Species richness of motile cryptofauna across a gradient of reef framework erosion. Coral Reefs 31:653–661CrossRef

Fauchald K (1977) The polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Nat Hist Mus LA County, Los Angeles, pp 1–188

Fewkes W (1890) Sea-urchin excavations at Guaymas, Mexico. Am Nat 24:478–480

Fonseca AC, Cortés J (1998) Coral borers of the eastern Pacific: Aspidosiphon (A.) elegans (Sipuncula: Aspidosiphonidae) and Pomatogebia rugosa (Crustacea: Upogebiidae). Pac Sci 52:170–175

Fonseca AC, Dean HK, Cortés J (2006) Non-colonial coral macro-borers as indicators of coral reef status in the south Pacific of Costa Rica. Rev Biol Trop 54:101–115CrossRef

Francisco V (2000) Determinación de las tasas de bioerosión por peces balístidos en un arrecife coralino del Pacífico colombiano. MSc Thesis, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, p 65

Fütterer DK (1974) Significance of the boring sponge Cliona for the origin of fine grained material of carbonate sediments. J Sed Petrol 44:79–84

Gilchrist S (1985) Hermit crab corallivore activity. In: Proceedings of 5th International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 5, Tahiti, pp 211–214

Glynn PW (1973) Acanthaster: effect on coral reef growth in Panama. Science 180(4085):504–506CrossRef

Glynn PW (1984) Widespread coral mortality and the 1982/83 El Niño warming event. Environ Conserv 11(2):133–146CrossRef

Glynn PW (1985) Corallivore population sizes and feeding effects following El Niño (1982–1983) associated coral mortality in Panama. In: Proceedings of 5th International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 4, Tahiti, pp 183–188

Glynn PW (1988) El Niño warming, coral mortality and reef framework destruction by echinoid bioerosion in the eastern Pacific. Galaxea 7:129–160

Glynn PW (1990) Coral mortality and disturbances to coral reefs in the tropical eastern Pacific. In: Glynn PW (ed) Global ecological consequences of the 1982–83 El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 55–126CrossRef

Glynn PW (1994) State of coral reefs in the Galápagos Islands: natural vs anthropogenic impacts. Mar Pollut Bull 29(1):131–140CrossRef

Glynn PW (1997) Bioerosion and coral-reef growth: a dynamic balance. In: Birkeland C (ed) Life and death of coral reefs. Chapman & Hall, New York, pp 68–95CrossRef

Glynn PW (2004) High complexity food webs in low-diversity Eastern Pacific reef-coral communities. Ecosystems 7:358–367CrossRef

Glynn PW (2008) Food-web structure and dynamics of eastern tropical Pacific coral reefs: Panamá and Galápagos Islands. In: McClanahan TR, Branch GM (eds) Food webs and the dynamics of marine reefs. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 185–208CrossRef

Glynn PW, Macintyre IG (1977) Growth rate and age of coral reefs on the Pacific coast of Panama. In: Proceedings of 3rd International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 2, Miami, pp 251–259

Glynn PW, Wellington GM (1983) Corals and coral reefs of the Galápagos Islands (with an annotated list of the scleractinian corals of the Galápagos by JW Wells). Univ California Press, Berkeley, p 330

Glynn PW, Stewart RH, McCosker JE (1972) Pacific coral reefs of Panama: structure, distribution and predators. Geol Rundsch 61(2):483–519CrossRef

Glynn PW, Wellington GM, Birkeland C (1979) Coral reef growth in the Galápagos: limitation by sea urchins. Science 203:47–49CrossRef

Glynn PW, Gassman NJ, Eakin CM, Cortés J, Smith DB, Guzman HM (1991) Reef coral reproduction in the eastern Pacific: Costa Rica, Panama and Galápagos Islands (Ecuador). I. Pocilloporidae. Mar Biol 109:355–368

Glynn PW, Maté JL, Baker AC, Calderón MO (2001) Coral bleaching and mortality in Panama and Ecuador during the 1997–1998 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event: spatial/temporal patterns and comparisons with the 1982–1983 event. Bull Mar Sci 69(1):79–109

Glynn PW, Riegl BM, Purkis S, Kerr J, Smith T (2015) Coral reef recovery in the Galápagos Islands: the northern-most islands (Darwin and Wenman). Coral Reefs 34(2):421–436CrossRef

Goreau TF, Hartman WD (1963) Boring sponges as controlling factors in the formation and maintenance of coral reefs. Am Assoc Advan Sci Publ 75:25–54

Griffin SP, García RP, Weil E (2003) Bioerosion in coral reef communities in southwest Puerto Rico by the sea urchin Echinometra viridis. Mar Biol 143:79–84CrossRef

Gutner-Hoch E, Fine M (2011) Genotypic diversity and distribution of Ostreobium quekettii within scleractinian corals. Coral Reefs 30:643–650CrossRef

Guzman HM (1986) Estructura de la comunidad arrecifal de la Isla del Caño, Costa Rica, y el efecto de perturbaciones naturales severas. MS thesis, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica, p 179

Guzman HM (1988) Distribución y abundancia de organismos coralívoros en los arrecifes coralinos de la Isla del Caño, Costa Rica. Rev Biol Trop 36(2):191–207

Guzman HM (1991) Restoration of coral reefs in Pacific Costa Rica. Conser Biol 5:189–195

Guzman HM, Cortés J (1992) Isla del Coco (Pacific of Costa Rica) coral reefs after the 1982–83 El Niño disturbance. Rev Biol Trop 40:309–324

Guzman HM, Cortés J (1993) Arrecifes coralinos del Pacífico Oriental Tropical: revisión y perspectivas. Rev Biol Trop 41:535–557

Guzman HM, Cortés J (2007) Reef recovery 20 years after the 1982–1983 El Niño massive mortality. Mar Biol 151:401–411

Guzman HM, López JV (1991) Diet of the corallivorous pufferfish Arothron meleagris (Pisces: Tetraodontidae) at Gorgona Island, Colombia. Rev Biol Trop 39:203–206

Guzman HM, Robertson DR (1989) Population and feeding responses of the corallivorous pufferfish Arothron meleagris to coral mortality in the Eastern Pacific. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 55:121–131

Haigler SM (1969) Boring mechanism of Polydora websteri inhabiting Crassostrea virginica. Am Zool 9:821–828CrossRef

Hallock P (1988) The role of nutrient availability in bioerosion: consequences to carbonate buildups. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol 62:275–291CrossRef

Hassan M (1988) Modification of carbonate substrata by bioerosion and bioaccretion on coral reefs of the Red Sea. Shaker Verlag, Aachen, p 124

Hein FJ, Risk MJ (1975) Bioerosion of coral heads: inner patch reefs, Florida Reef Tract. Bull Mar Sci 25:133–138

Herrera-Escalante T, López-Pérez RA, Leyte-Morales GE (2005) Bioerosion caused by the sea urchin Diadema mexicanum (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) at Bahías de Huatulco, Western Mexico. Rev Biol Trop 53(Suppl 3):263–273

Hibino K, Van Woesik R (2000) Spatial differences and seasonal changes of net carbonate accumulation on some coral reefs of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 252:1–14CrossRef

Highsmith RC (1980) Geographic patterns of coral bioerosion: a productivity hypothesis. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 46:177–196CrossRef

Highsmith RC (1982) Reproduction by fragmentation in corals. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 7:207–226CrossRef

Highsmith RC, Lueptow RL, Schonberg SC (1983) Growth and bioerosion of three massive corals on the Belize barrier reef. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 13(2–3):261–271CrossRef

Hunter IG (1977) Sediment production by Diadema antillarum on a Barbados fringing reef. In: Proceedings of 3th International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 2, Miami, pp 105–109

Hueerkamp C, Glynn PW, D'Croz L, Maté JL, Colley SB (2001) Bleaching and recovery of five eastern Pacific corals in an El Niño-related temperature experiment. B Mar Sci 69(1):215–236.

Hutchings PA (1981) Polychaete recruitment on to dead coral substrates at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Bull Mar Sci 31:410–423

Hutchings PA (1986) Biological destruction of coral reefs. Coral Reefs 4:239–252CrossRef

Hutchings PA (2008) Role of polychaetes in bioerosion of coral substrates. In: Wisshak M, Tapanila L (eds) Current developments in bioerosion. Springer, Berlin, pp 249–264CrossRef

Hutchings PA (2011) Bioerosion. In: Hopley D (ed) Encyclopedia of modern coral reefs: structure, form, and process. Springer, Berlin, pp 139–156CrossRef

Hutchings PA, Peyrot-Clausade M (1989) Macro-boring communities of Porites. A biological comparison. In: Proceedings of 6th International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 3, Townsville, pp 263–268

Hutchings PA, Peyrot-Clausade M (2002) The distribution and abundance of boring species of polychaetes and sipunculans in coral substrates in French Polynesia. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 269(1):101–121CrossRef

Hutchings PA, Kiene WE, Cummingham RB, Donnelly C (1992) Spatial and temporal patterns of non-colonial boring organisms: (polychaetes, sipunculans and bivalve molluscs) in Porites at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 11:23–31CrossRef

Hutchings PA, Peyrot-Clausade M, Osorno A (2005) Influence of land runoff on rates and agents of bioerosion of coral substrates. Mar Poll Bull 51:438–447CrossRef

Jaccarini V, Bannister WH, Micallef H (1968) The pallial glands and rock boring in Lithophaga lithophaga (Lamellibranchia, Mytilidae). J Zool 154(4):397–401CrossRef

Jiménez C (1996–1997) Coral colony fragmentation by whitetip reef sharks at Coiba Island National Park, Panamá. Rev Biol Trop 45(1B):698–700

Jiménez JM (1999) Scarus ghobban (Pisces: Scaridae) en Isla Gorgona (Pacífico Oriental Tropical): abundancia, comportamiento alimenticio y papel en la bioerosión de arrecifes. BSc thesis, Univ del Valle, Cali, Colombia, p 74

Kiene WE, Hutchings PA (1994) Bioerosion experiments at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 13:91–98CrossRef

Kinsey DW (1985) Metabolism, calcification and carbon production. I. Systems level studies. In: Proceedings of 5th International Coral Reef Congress, vol 4, Tahiti, pp 505–526

Kleemann K (1973) Lithophaga lithophaga (L.) (Bivalvia) in different limestones. Malacologia 14:345–347

Kleemann K (1974) Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Verhaltens von Lithophaga lithophaga (L.) (Bivalvia) im Bohrloch. Sitzubgsberichte Österr Akad Wiss (math-naturw Kl, Abt. I) 182:201–210

Kleemann KH (1977) A new species of Lithophaga (Bivalvia) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Veliger 20(2):151–154

Kleemann KH (1980) Boring bivalves and their host corals from the Great Barrier Reef. J Moll Stud 46:13–54

Kleemann KH (1982) Ätzmuscheln im Ghetto? Lithophaga (Bivalvia) aus dem Leithakalk (Mittel-Miozän: Badenian) von Müllendorf im Wiener Becken, Österreich. Beitr Paläonto Österr 9:211–231

Kleemann K (1986) Lithophagines (Bivalvia) from the Caribbean and the Eastern Pacific. In: Proceedings of 8th International Coral Reef Congress, Budapest, pp 113–118

Kleemann K (1990) Boring and growth in chemically boring bivalves from the Caribbean, Eastern Pacific and Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. Senck Marit 21:101–154

Kleemann K (1992) Coral communities and coral-bivalve associations in the northern Red Sea at Safaga, Egypt. Facies 26:1–10CrossRef

Kleemann K (1995) Associations of coral and boring bivalves: Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef, Australia) versus Safaga (N Red Sea). Beitr Paläont 20:31–39

Kleemann K (1996) Biocorrosion by bivalves. PSZNI Mar Ecol 17(1–3):145–158CrossRef

Kleemann K (2008) Lithophaga (Leiosolenus) purpurea (Bivalvia: Mytilidae): one species becomes three. Club Conchylia Informationen 39(3/4):32–45

Kleemann K (2013) Fast and massive settlement of boring bivalves on coral slabs at Taboga Islands, Eastern Pacific, Panama. Boll Malacol 49:104–113

Kleemann K, Hoeksema BW (2002) Lithophaga (Bivalvia, Mytilidae), including a new species, boring into mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) off South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Basteria 66:11–24

Kleypas JA, Feely RA, Fabry VJ, Langdon C, Sabine C, Robbins LL (2006) Impacts of ocean acidification on coral reefs and other marine calcifiers: a guide for future research. Report of a workshop held 18–20 April 2005, St. Petersburg, FL, sponsored by NSF, NOAA, and USGS, p 88

Kroeker KJ, Kordas RL, Crim RN, Singh GG (2010) Meta-analysis reveals negative yet variable effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms. Ecol Lett 13:1419–1434CrossRef

Lazar B, Loya Y (1991) Bioerosion of coral reefs—A chemical approach. Limnol Oceanogr 36:377–383CrossRef

Le Campion-Alsumard T, Golubic S, Hutchings P (1995) Microbial endoliths in skeletons of live and dead corals: Porites lobata (Moorea, French Polynesia). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 117:149–157CrossRef

Londoño-Cruz E (2001) Proceso de bioerosión por organismos perforadores en un ecosistema arrecifal del Pacífico Oriental Tropical (Isla Gorgona, Colombia). MSc Thesis, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, p 56

Londoño-Cruz E, Cantera JR, Toro-Farmer G, Orozco C (2003) Internal bioerosion by macroborers in Pocillopora spp. in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 265:289–295

MacGeachy JK (1977) Factors controlling sponge boring in Barbados reef corals. In: Proceedings of 3rd International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 2, Miami, pp 477–483

Manzello DP (2010a) Coral growth with thermal stress and ocean acidification: lessons from the eastern tropical Pacific. Coral Reefs 29:749–758CrossRef

Manzello DP (2010b) Ocean acidification hotspots: spatiotemporal dynamics of the seawater CO₂ system of eastern Pacific coral reefs. Limnol Oceanogr 55:239–248CrossRef

Manzello DP, Kleypas JA, Budd DA, Eakin CM, Glynn PW, Langdon C (2008) Poorly cemented coral reefs of the eastern tropical Pacific: possible insights into reef development in a high-CO₂ world. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(30):10450–10455

McClanahan TR, Muthiga NA (1988) Changes in Kenyan coral reef community structure and function due to exploitation. Hydrobiologia 166:269–276CrossRef

McClanahan TR, Nugues M, Mwachireya S (1994) Assaying fish and sea urchin herbivory and competition in Kenyan coral reef lagoons. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 184:237–254CrossRef

Millero FJ (2007) The marine inorganic carbon cycle. Chem Rev 107(2):308–341

Mokady O, Lazar B, Loya Y (1996) Echinoid bioerosion as a major structuring force of Red Sea coral reefs. Biol Bull 190:367–372CrossRef

Moreno XG, Abitia LA, Favila A, Gutiérrez FJ, Palacios DS (2009) Ecología trófica del pez Arothron meleagris (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) en el arrecife de Los Frailes, Baja California Sur, México. Rev Biol Trop 57:113–123

Morton B (1990) Corals and their bivalve borers: the evolution of a symbiosis. In: Morton B (ed) The Bivalvia: proceedings of a memorial symposium in honour of Sir Charles Maurice Yonge (1899–1986) at the 9th international malacological congress, 1986, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp 11–46

Morton B, Scott PJB (1980) Morphological and functional specializations of the shell, musculature and pallial glands in the Lithophaginae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). J Zool 192(2):179–203CrossRef

Mumby PJ, Hedley JD, Zychaluk K, Harborne AR, Blackwell PG (2006) Revisiting the catastrophic die-off of the urchin Diadema antillarum on Caribbean coral reefs: fresh insights on resilience from a simulation model. Ecol Mod 196:131–148CrossRef

Muricy G (1991) Structure des peuplements de spongiaires autour de l’égout de Cortiou (Marseille, France). Vie Milieu 41(4):205–221

Nava H, Carballo JL (2008) Chemical and mechanical bioerosion of boring sponges from Mexican Pacific coral reefs. J Exp Biol 211(17):2827–2831CrossRef

Nava H, Carballo JL (2013) Environmental factors shaping boring sponge assemblages at Mexican Pacific coral reefs. Mar Ecol 34(3):269–279CrossRef

Neudecker S (1979) Effects of grazing and browsing fishes on the zonation of corals in Guam. Ecology 60(4):666–672CrossRef

Neumann AC (1966) Observations on coastal erosion in Bermuda and measurements of the boring rate of the sponge, Cliona lampa. Limnol Oceanogr 11:92–108CrossRef

Ogden JC (1977) Carbonate-sediment production by parrot fish and sea urchins on Caribbean reefs. In: Frost SH, Weiss MP, Saunders JB (eds) Reefs and related carbonates-ecology and sedimentology. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Stud Geol 4:281–288

Okey TA, Banks S, Born AF, Bustamante RH, Calvopiña M, Edgar GJ, Espinoza E, Fariña JM, Garske LE, Reck GK, Salazar S (2004) A trophic model of a Galápagos subtidal rocky reef for evaluating fisheries and conservation strategies. Ecol Model 172(2):383–401

Orr JC, Fabry VJ, Aumont O, Bopp L, Doney SC, Feely RA et al (2005) Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437:681–686

Osorno A, Peyrot-Clausade M, Hutchings PA (2005) Patterns and rates of erosion in dead Porites across the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) after 2 years and 4 years of exposure. Coral Reefs 24(2):292–303CrossRef

Ovalle H (2011) Cuantificación de la erosión por esponjas perforadoras en comunidades arrecifales del Pacífico Mexicano. Licentiate thesis, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Univ Autónoma de Sinaloa, Sinaloa, Mexico

Pacheco-Solano C (2011) Estudio taxonómico de las esponjas perforadoras (Porifera, Demospongiae) de arrecifes de coral del Pacífico de Costa Rica. Licentiate thesis, Escuela de Biología, Univ de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

Palacios MM, Muñoz CG, Zapata FA (2014) Fish corallivory on a pocilloporid reef and experimental coral responses to predation. Coral Reefs 33:625–636CrossRef

Pari N, Peyrot-Clausade M, LeCampion-Alsumard T, Hutchings P, Chazottes V, Golubic S, Le Campion J, Fontaine MF (1998) Bioerosion of experimental substrates on high islands and on atoll lagoons (French Polynesia) after two years of exposure. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 166:119–130CrossRef

Perry CT (1998) Macroborers within coral framework at Discovery Bay, north Jamaica: species distribution and abundance, and effects on coral preservation. Coral Reefs 17(2):277–287CrossRef

Perry CT, Spencer T, Kench PS (2008) Carbonate budgets and reef production states: a geomorphic perspective on the ecological phase-shift concept. Coral Reefs 27:853–866CrossRef

Peyrot-Clausade M, Chabanet P, Conand C, Fontaine MF, Letourner Y, Harmelin-Vivien H (2000) Sea urchin and fish bioerosion on La Réunion and Moorea reefs. Bull Mar Sci 66:477–485

Pojeta J Jr, Palmer TJ (1976) The origin of rock boring in mytilacean pelecypods. Alcheringa 1(2):167–179CrossRef

Pomponi SA (1977) Etching cells of boring sponges: an ultrastructural analysis. In: Proceedings of 3th International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 2, Miami, pp 485–490

Reaka-Kudla ML, Feingold JS, Glynn PW (1996) Experimental studies of rapid bioerosion of coral reefs in the Galápagos Islands. Coral Reefs 15:101–107CrossRef

Reyes-Bonilla H (2003) Coral reefs of the Pacific coast of Mexico. In: Cortés J (ed) Latin American coral reefs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 331–349CrossRef

Reyes-Bonilla H, Calderón-Aguilera LE (1999) Population density, distribution and consumption rates of three corallivores at Cabo Pulmo reef, Gulf of California. PZNSI Mar Ecol 20:347–357CrossRef

Rice ME (1969) Possible boring structures of sipunculids. Am Zool 9(3):803–812CrossRef

Rice ME, Macintyre IG (1972) A preliminary study of sipunculan burrows in rock thin sections. Carib J Sci 12(1–2):41–43

Richmond RH (1985) Variations in the population biology of Pocillopora damicornis across the Pacific. In: Proceedings of 5th International Coral Reef Congress, vol 6, Tahiti, pp 101–106

Richmond RH (1987) Energetic relationships and biogeographical differences among fecundity, growth, and reproduction in the reef coral, Pocillopora damicornis. Bull Mar Sci 41:595–604

Rotjan RD, Lewis SM (2008) Impact of coral predators on tropical reefs. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 367:73–91CrossRef

Ruengsawang N, Yeemin T (2000) Bioerosion caused by grazing activities on coral communities in the Gulf of Thailand. In: Proceedings of 9th International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 1, Bali, pp 289–294

Russo AR (1980) Bioerosion by two rock boring echinoids (Echinometra mathaei and Echinostrephus aciculatus) on Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands. J Mar Res 38:99–110

Ruttenberg BI (2001) Effects of artisanal fishing on marine communities in the Galapagos Islands. Conserv Biol 15(6):1691–1699

Rützler K (1971) Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica: burrowing sponges, genus Siphonodictyon Bergquist, from the Caribbean. Smith Contr Zool 77:1–37CrossRef

Rützler K (1975) The role of burrowing sponges in bioerosion. Oecologia 19:203–216CrossRef

Rützler K (2002) Impact of crustose clionid sponges on Caribbean reef corals. Acta Geol Hisp 37:61–72

Rützler K, Rieger G (1973) Sponge burrowing: fine structure of Cliona lampa penetrating calcareous substrata. Mar Biol 21:144–162CrossRef

Sammarco PW (1980) Diadema and its relationship to coral spat mortality: grazing, competition and biological disturbance. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 45:245–472CrossRef

Sammarco PW (1982a) Echinoid grazing as a structuring force in coral communities: whole reef manipulations. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 61:31–55CrossRef

Sammarco PW (1982b) Effects of grazing by Diadema antillarum Phillipi (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) on algal diversity and community structure. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 65:83–105CrossRef

Sammarco PW, Levington JS, Ogden JC (1974) Grazing and control of coral reef community structure by Diadema antillarum Phillipi (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): a preliminary study. J Mar Res 32:47–53

Schoënberg CH (2002) Substrate effects on the bioeroding demosponge Cliona orientalis. 1. Bioerosion rates. Mar Ecol 23(4):313–326

Schönberg CHL (2008) A history of sponge erosion: from past myths and hypotheses to recent approaches. In: Wisshak M, Tapanila L (eds) Current developments in bioerosion. Springer, Berlin, pp 165–202CrossRef

Schönberg CHL, Ortiz JC (2009) Is sponge bioerosion increasing? In: Proceedings of 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, pp 520–523

Scoffin TP, Stearn CW, Boucher D, Frydl P, Hawkins CM, Hunter JG, MacGeachy JK (1980) Calcium carbonate budget of fringing reef of the west coast of Barbados. Part II. Erosion, sediments and internal structure. Bull Mar Sci 30:475–508

Scott PJB, Risk MJ (1988) The effects of Lithophaga (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) boreholes on the strength of the coral Porites lobata. Coral Reefs 7:145–151CrossRef

Scott PJB, Risk MJ, Carriquiry JD (1988) El Niño, bioerosion and the survival of east Pacific reefs. In: Proceedings of 6th International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 2, Townsville, pp 517–520

Shirley TC, Rützler K (2010) Effects of heat and salinity stress on the sponge Cliona celata. Int J Biol 2:3–16

Silverman J, Lazar B, Erez J (2007) Effect of aragonite saturation, temperature, and nutrients on the community calcification rate of a coral reef. J Geophys Res 112. doi:10.1029/2006JC003770

Sonnenholzner JI, Ladah LB, Lafferty KD (2009) Cascading effects of fishing on Galapagos rocky reef communities: reanalysis using corrected data. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 375:209–218CrossRef

Sonnenholzner JI, Lafferty KD, Ladah LB (2011) Food webs and fishing affect parasitism of the sea urchin Eucidaris galapagensis in the Galápagos. Ecology 92:2276–2284CrossRef

Spencer T (1992) Bioerosion and biogeomorphology. In: John DM, Hawkins SJ, Price JH (eds) Plant-animal interactions in the marine benthos. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 493–509

Stearn CW, Scoffin TP, Martindale W (1977) Calcium carbonate budget of a fringing reef on the west coast of Barbados Part I—Zonation and productivity. Bull Mar Sci 27:479–510

Tomlinson JT (1969) The burrowing barnacles (Cirripedia: order Acrothoracica). Bull US Natl Mus 296:1–162CrossRef

Toro-Farmer GA (1998) Estimación de la intensidad bioerosionadora de los erizos (Echinodermata) en un arrecife coralino de la isla Gorgona-Pacífico colombiano. BSc thesis, Fac Cien, Univ Valle, Cali, Colombia

Toro-Farmer G, Cantera JR, Londoño-Cruz E, Orozco C, Neira R (2004) Patrones de distribución y tasas de bioerosión del erizo Centrostephanus coronatus (Diadematoida: Diadematidae), en el arrecife de Playa Blanca, Pacífico colombiano. Rev Biol Trop 52:67–76CrossRef

Toth LT, Aronson RB, Vollmer SV, Hobbs JW, Urrego DH, Cheng H, Enochs IC, Combosch DJ, van Woesik R, Macintyre IG (2012) ENSO drove 2500-year collapse of eastern Pacific coral reefs. Science 337:81–84CrossRef

Tribollet A (2008) Dissolution of dead corals by euendolithic microorganisms across the northern Great Barrier Reef (Australia). Microbial Ecol 55(4):569–580CrossRef

Tribollet A, Golubic S (2005) Cross-shelf differences in the pattern and pace of bioerosion of experimental carbonate substrates exposed for 3 years on the northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Coral Reefs 24(3):422–434CrossRef

Tribollet A, Golubic S (2011) Reef bioerosion: agents and processes. In: Dubinsky Z, Stambler N (eds) Coral Reefs: an ecosystem in transition. Springer, Berlin, pp 435–449CrossRef

Tribollet A, Decherf G, Hutchings P, Peyrot-Clausade M (2002) Large-scale spatial variability in bioerosion of experimental coral substrates on the Great Barrier Reef (Australia): importance of microborers. Coral Reefs 21(4):424–432

Tribollet A, Godinot C, Atkinson, M Langdon C (2009) Effects of elevated PCO₂ on dissolution of coral carbonates by microbial euendoliths. Global Biogeochem Cy 23 GB3008. doi:10.1029/2008GB003286

Tribollet A, Radtke G, Golubic S (2011) Bioerosion. In: Reitner J, Thiel V (eds) Encyclopedia of geobiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 117–134CrossRef

Tudhope AW, Risk MJ (1985) Rate of dissolution of carbonate sediments by microboring organisms, Davies Reef, Australia. J Sediment Res 55(3):440–447

Tunnicliffe V (1979) The role of boring sponges in coral fracture. In: Lévi C, Boury-Esnault N (eds) Biologie des spongiaires, vol 291. Coll Int CNRS, Paris, pp 309–315

Warme JE (1975) Borings as trace fossils, and the processes of marine bioerosion. In: Frey RW (ed) The study of trace fossils. Springer, Berlin, pp 181–227CrossRef

Wellington GM, Glynn PW (2007) Responses of coral reefs to El Niño-Southern Oscillation sea-warming events. In: Aronson RB (ed) Geological approaches to coral reef ecology. Ecological studies 192. Springer, New York, pp 342–385

Williams JA, Margolis SV (1974) Sipunculid burrows in coral reefs: evidence for chemical and mechanical excavation. Pac Sci 28(4):357–359

Williams AB, Ngoc-Ho N (1990) Pomatogebia, a new genus of thalassinidean shrimps from western hemisphere tropics (Crustacea: Upogebiidae). P Biol Soc Wash 103(3):614–616

Wisshak M, Schönberg CHL, Form A, Freiwald A (2012) Ocean acidification accelerates reef bioerosion. PLoS ONE 7(9):e45124CrossRef

Wisshak M, Schönberg CH, Form AU, Freiwald A (2013) Effects of ocean acidification and global warming on reef bioerosion—Lessons from a clionaid sponge. Aquat Biol 19:111–127CrossRef

Wulff JL (1997) Causes and consequences of differences in sponge diversity and abundance between the Caribbean and eastern Pacific of Panama. In: Proceedings of 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 2, Panama, pp 1377–1382

Yonge CM (1955) Adaptation to rock boring in Botula and Lithophaga (Lamellibranchia, Mytilidae) with a discussion on the evolution of this habit. Q J Microsc Sci 3(35):383–410

Zapata FA, Morales YA (1997) Spatial and temporal patterns of fish diversity in a coral reef at Gorgona Island, Colombia. In: Proceedings of 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 1, Panama, pp 1029–1034

Zea S (1993) Recruitment of demosponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) in rocky and coral reef habitats of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean. Mar Ecol 14(1):1–21

Zubia M, Peyrot-Clausade M (2001) Internal bioerosion of Acropora formosa in Réunion (Indian Ocean): microborer and macroborer activities. Oceanol Acta 24(3):251–262CrossRef

Zullo VA (1991) Zoogeography of the shallow-water cirriped fauna of the Galápagos Islands and adjacent regions in the tropical eastern Pacific. In: James MJ (ed) Galápagos Marine Invertebrates. Taxonomy, biogeography, and evolution in Darwin’s Islands. Plenum Press, New York, pp 173–192

Zundelevich A, Lazar B, Ilan M (2007) Chemical versus mechanical bioerosion of coral reefs by boring sponges—Lessons from Pione cf. vastifica. J Exp Biol 210:91–96CrossRef

Title: Coral Reef Bioerosion in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Juan José Alvarado
Benjamin Grassian
Jaime Ricardo Cantera-Kintz
José Luis Carballo
Edgardo Londoño-Cruz
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Book: Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-7498-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-017-7499-4

Copyright Year: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7499-4_12