2. Current Problems of the World Ocean Pollution by Microplastic

A review of information on the causes, sources and current volumes of microplastics contamination of the World Ocean (plastic particles smaller than 5 mm) is given. It is shown that the longevity of microplastics, combined with the lack of effective recycling facilities, has made marine plastics and microplastics a global problem. The destruction processes of plastics in marine areas are described. It is shown that the main mechanism of microplastics generation is the destruction of larger plastic materials entering the marine environment. The classification of degradation processes of microplastics and conditions of its biodegradation are analyzed. Toxic effect of plastics and especially microplastics on marine environment and biota is discussed. It is shown that the problem of microplastics requires further detailed study.