Top

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering

Published in:

19-04-2018 | Original paper

Deep Cement Mixed Walls with Steel Inclusions for Excavation Support

Authors: R. Nishanthan, D. S. Liyanapathirana, C. J. Leo

Published in: Geotechnical and Geological Engineering | Issue 6/2018

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Deep cement mixed (DCM) walls are widely used in supporting excavations in many parts of the world. In this paper, a case study of an excavation supported by a DCM wall with steel inclusions is analysed using a three-dimensional finite element model and based on the coupled theory of nonlinear porous media. The DCM wall is constructed with wide flange steel inclusions. The stress–strain behaviour of the DCM wall section is simulated using an extended version of the Mohr–Coulomb model, which considers the strain-softening behaviour of DCM columns beyond yield. The computed lateral deformations are compared with the field measurements to validate the numerical modelling procedure. Using the same case study, the internal stability of the wall against bending and shear failure modes is investigated. In addition, the lateral pressure distribution along the wall length is investigated because in practice design is carried out considering a uniform pressure distribution assuming rigid wall movements. A parametric study was carried out to investigate the viability of DCM walls in supporting excavations by varying the spacing between steel inclusions, wall thickness and initial lateral earth pressure. Based on the results of the parametric study, guidelines are proposed to select the most efficient geometric arrangement of steel inclusions within DCM walls.

previous article Study on the Fracture of Hard and Thick Sandstone and the Distribution Characteristics of Microseismic Activity

next article The Derivation and Validation of TBM Disc Cutter Wear Prediction Model

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

American Concrete Institute Committee (1995) Building code requirements for reinforced concrete (ACI 318-01). American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills

Arroyo M, Ciantia M, Castellanza R, Gens A, Nova R (2012) Simulation of cement-improved clay structures with a bonded elasto-plastic model: a practical approach. Comput Geotech 45:140–150CrossRef

Blackwell J (1992) A case history of soil stabilization using the mix-in-place technique for the construction of deep manhole shafts at Rochdale. In: Grouting in the Ground. London, pp 497–509

Briaud JL, Nicholson P, Lee J (2000) Behavior of a full-scale VERT wall in sand. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 126(9):808–818CrossRef

Broms BB (1999) Design of lime, lime/cement and cement columns. In: Dry mix methods for deep soil stabilisation, pp 125–154

Capelo A, Correia AG, Ramos LF, Pinto A, Tomasio R (2012) Modelling and monitoring of an excavation support using CSM. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on grouting and deep mixing 2012, Geotechnical special publication 228, New Orleans, Louisiana, February 15–18, pp 243–250

Ellen M, Bruce C, Berg RR, Collin JG, Filz GM, Terashi M, Yang DS (2013) Federal Highway Administration design manual: deep mixing for embankments and excavation support. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC

EuroSoilStab (2002) Development of design and construction methods to stabilize soft organic soils: design guide soft soil stabilization. CT97-0351, Project No: BE 96-3177

Gerressen FW, Vohs T (2012) CSM-cutter soil mixing—worldwide experiences of a young soil mixing method. In: Grouting and deep mixing 2012, Geotechnical special publication 228, New Orleans, Louisiana, February 15–18, pp 282–290

Huang J, Han J, Oztoprak S (2009) Coupled mechanical and hydraulic modelling of geosynthetic-reinforced column-supported embankments. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 135(8):1011–1021CrossRef

Lai YP, Bergado DT, Lorenzo GA, Duangchan T (2006) Full-scale reinforced embankment on deep jet mixing improved ground. Ground Improv 10(4):153–164CrossRef

Lee K, Chan D, Lam K (2004) Constitutive model for cement treated clay in a critical state framework. Soils Found 44(3):69–77CrossRef

Lopez RA, Majewski A, Harvey T (2009) Permanent excavation support in urban areas using cutter soil mixing technology: Elliott Avenue case history, Seattle, Washington, GeoFlorida 2009. In: Contemporary topics in ground modification, problem soils, and geo-support, Geotechnical special publication 187, pp 185–192

MacNab A (2002) Earth retention systems handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 319–322

McGinn AJ, O’Rourke TD (2003) Performance of deep mixing methods at Fort Point Channel. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC

Nguyen L, Fatahi B (2016) Behaviour of clay treated with cement & fibre while capturing cementation degradation and fibre failure—C3F Model. Int J Plast 81:168–195CrossRef

Nguyen L, Fatahi B, Khabbaz H (2014) A constitutive model for cemented clays capturing cementation degradation. Int J Plast 56:1–18CrossRef

Nicholson PJ, Mitchell JK, Bahner EW, Moriwaki Y (1998) Design of a soil mixed composite gravity wall. In: Soil improvement for Big Digs, Geotechnical special publication 81, Geo-Congress 98 October 18–21, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp 27–40

Okumura T (1996) Deep mixing method of Japan. In: Grouting and deep mixing, proceedings of the second international conference on ground improvement geosystems, Tokyo, Japan, 14–17 May, pp 879–887

Ou CY, Wu TS, Hsieh H (1996) Analysis of deep excavation with column type of ground improvement in soft clay. J Geotech Eng 122(9):709–716CrossRef

Parmantier DM, Stow RFP, Byrne RJ (2009) Case study: cement–bentonite pre-trenching and cutter soil mixing (CSM) for temporary shoring and ground water cut-off. In: Contemporary topics in ground modification, problem soils and geo-support, proceedings of the international foundation Congress and equipment expo, held in Orlando, Florida, USA, March 15–19, 2009 pp 153–160

Pearlman SL, Himick DE (1993) Anchored excavation support using SMW. In: Deep Foundation Institute, 18th annual conference, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, pp 101–120

Perko HA, Boulden J (2008) Lateral earth pressures on wood lagging in soldier pile earth shoring systems. J Deep Found Inst 2:52–60CrossRef

Porbaha A, Shibuya S, Kishida T (2000) State of the art in deep mixing technology: part III. Geotechnical characterization. Ground Improv 3:91–110CrossRef

Potts DM, Dounias GT, Vaughan PR (1990) Finite-element analysis of progressive failure of Carsington embankment. Geotechnique 40(1):79–101CrossRef

Potts DM, Kovacevic N, Vaughan PR (1997) Delayed collapse of cut slopes in stiff clay. Geotechnique 47(5):953–982CrossRef

Quiroga AJ, Thompson ZM, Muraleetharan KK, Miller GA, Cerato AB (2017) Stress–strain behaviour of cement-improved clays: testing and modelling. Acta Geotech 12:1003–1020CrossRef

Richards DJ, Powrie W (1998) Centrifuge model tests on doubly propped embedded retaining walls in overconsolidated Kaolin clay. Geotechnique 48:833–846CrossRef

Rutherford CJ, Biscontin G, Briaud JL (2005) Deformation predictions based on estimates of soil cement modulus and flexural stiffness. In: Proceedings, the 11th international conference of IACMAG, June 19–24, 2005, Turin, Italy, vol 3, pp 433–440

Rutherford CJ, Biscontin G, Koutsoftas D, Briaud JL (2007) Design process of deep soil mixed walls for excavation support. Int J Geoeng Case Hist 1(2):56–72

Shao Y, Zhang C, Macari EJ (1998) The application of deep mixing pile walls for retaining structures in excavations. In: Soil Improvement for Big Digs, Geotechnical special publication 81, Geo-Congress 98 October 18–21, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 84–95

Shao Y, Macari EJ, Cai W (2005) Compound deep soil mixing columns for retaining structures in excavations. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 131(11):1370–1377CrossRef

Stoetzer E, Brunner WG, Fiorotto R, Gerressen FW, Schoepf M (2006) Cutter soil mixing—a new technique for the construction of subterranean walls initial experiences gained on completed projects. In: Proceedings of DFI/EFFC 10th international conference on piling and deep foundations, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Publication no. 77

Suebsuk J, Horpibulsuk S, Liu MD (2010) Modified structured cam clay: a generalised critical state model for destructured, naturally structured and artificially structured clays. Comput Geotech 37(7–8):956–968CrossRef

Taki O, Yang DS (1991) Soil–cement mixed wall technique. In: ASCE special conference, Denver, CO, USA, pp 298–309

Vatsala A, Nova R, Sirinivasa Murthy BR (2001) Elastoplastic model for cemented soils. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 127(8):678–687CrossRef

Vermeer PA, Punlor A, Ruse N (2001) Arching effects behind a soldier pile wall. Comput Geotech 28(6–7):379–396CrossRef

Yang DS (2003) Soil–cement walls for excavation support. In: Earth retention systems: 2003, A Joint Conference presented by ASCE Metropolitan Section of Geotechnical Group, The Deep Foundations Institute, and The International Association of Foundation Drilling, New York, USA, pp 1–17

Yapage NNS, Liyanapathirana DS, Poulos HG, Kelly RB, Leo CJ (2015) Numerical modeling of geotextile-reinforced embankments over deep cement mixed columns incorporating strain-softening behavior of columns. Int J Geomech 15(2):04014047CrossRef

Title: Deep Cement Mixed Walls with Steel Inclusions for Excavation Support
Authors: R. Nishanthan
D. S. Liyanapathirana
C. J. Leo
Publication date: 19-04-2018
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Published in: Geotechnical and Geological Engineering / Issue 6/2018
Print ISSN: 0960-3182
Electronic ISSN: 1573-1529
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0539-2

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 6/2018

Evolution of the Fractured Zone Above a Coal Face with a Large Mining Height: A Case Study of the Dahuangshan Coalmine, China

Results of Static Loading Tests on Single Piles and on Pile-Supported LPG Tanks

Geomechanical Rock Properties Using Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Elastic P- and S-Wave Velocities

Shear and Compression Behaviors of Sandy and Clayey Soils Mixed with Different Sizes of Expanded Polystyrene Beads

The Derivation and Validation of TBM Disc Cutter Wear Prediction Model

Flexural Analysis of Laterally Loaded Piles: Prediction and Performance