Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Public Organization Review 1/2020

20-09-2018

Defamation by Slander and Libel in the Workplace and Recommendations to Avoid Legal Liability

Authors: Frank J. Cavico, Bahaudin G. Mujtaba

Published in: Public Organization Review | Issue 1/2020

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Defamation, or defamation of character, is heard often in the media when one person has supposedly made a false statement that harmed another’s reputation in some manner. However, the legal wrong or tort of defamation can take place in the employment context when employers or managers make an intentionally false statement that harms an employee’s character and career. This article illustrates the difference between “slander” and “libel” and discuss the privileges and defenses to defamation, especially the qualified privilege as it applies in the employment context. We discuss the implications of this tort in the workplace and provide recommendations on how to avoid liability for defamation.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference A.J & R.J. v. Butler Ill. Sch. Dist. 53, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 49121 (District Court for the Northern District of Illinois 2018). A.J & R.J. v. Butler Ill. Sch. Dist. 53, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 49121 (District Court for the Northern District of Illinois 2018).
go back to reference Addison v. City of Baker City, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 101146 (District Court for the District of Oregon 2017). Addison v. City of Baker City, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 101146 (District Court for the District of Oregon 2017).
go back to reference Belknap, John W. (Spring, 2001). Defamation, Negligent Referral, and the World of Employer References. The Journal of Small and Emerging Business Law, Vol. 5, pp. 113–134. Belknap, John W. (Spring, 2001). Defamation, Negligent Referral, and the World of Employer References. The Journal of Small and Emerging Business Law, Vol. 5, pp. 113–134.
go back to reference Brian A. Mastro v. Potomac Electric Power Company, 447 F.3d 843; 2006 U.S. App. LEXIS 12247 (Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia 2006). Brian A. Mastro v. Potomac Electric Power Company, 447 F.3d 843; 2006 U.S. App. LEXIS 12247 (Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia 2006).
go back to reference Cannon v. Village of Bald Head Island, 2018 U.S. App. LEXIS 14190 (Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals 2018). Cannon v. Village of Bald Head Island, 2018 U.S. App. LEXIS 14190 (Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals 2018).
go back to reference Cape Publications, Inc. v. Reakes, 840 so. 2d 277 (Florida court of appeals 2003). Cape Publications, Inc. v. Reakes, 840 so. 2d 277 (Florida court of appeals 2003).
go back to reference Carter, L. H., & Harrington, C. B. (2000). Administrative law and politics: Cases and comments (3rd ed.). New York: Allen, Bacon & Longman Publishers. Carter, L. H., & Harrington, C. B. (2000). Administrative law and politics: Cases and comments (3rd ed.). New York: Allen, Bacon & Longman Publishers.
go back to reference Cavico, F. J. (1999). Defamation in the private sector: The libelous and slanderous employer. Dayton Law Review, 24(3), 405–489. Cavico, F. J. (1999). Defamation in the private sector: The libelous and slanderous employer. Dayton Law Review, 24(3), 405–489.
go back to reference Cavico, Frank J. and Mujtaba, Bahaudin G. (2014). Legal Challenges for the Global Manager and Entrepreneur (Second Edition). Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company. Cavico, Frank J. and Mujtaba, Bahaudin G. (2014). Legal Challenges for the Global Manager and Entrepreneur (Second Edition). Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company.
go back to reference Cooper, P. L. (2006). The responsible administrator: An approach to ethics for the administrative role (5th ed.). Jossey-Bass Publishers. Cooper, P. L. (2006). The responsible administrator: An approach to ethics for the administrative role (5th ed.). Jossey-Bass Publishers.
go back to reference Cooper, P. L. (2007). Public law and public administration (4th ed.). New York: Thomson Learning. Cooper, P. L. (2007). Public law and public administration (4th ed.). New York: Thomson Learning.
go back to reference Corns v. Good Samaritan Hosp. Med. Ctr., 2014 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 5485 (Supreme Court of New York 2014). Corns v. Good Samaritan Hosp. Med. Ctr., 2014 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 5485 (Supreme Court of New York 2014).
go back to reference Cynthia Hyland v. Raytheon Technical Services Company, 670 S.E. 2d 746; 2009 Va. LEXIS 20 (Virginia Supreme Court 2009). Cynthia Hyland v. Raytheon Technical Services Company, 670 S.E. 2d 746; 2009 Va. LEXIS 20 (Virginia Supreme Court 2009).
go back to reference Daniel C. Murray v. United Food and Commercial Workers International Union, Local 400, 289 F.3d 297; 2002 U.S. App. LEXIS 9057 (Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 2002). Daniel C. Murray v. United Food and Commercial Workers International Union, Local 400, 289 F.3d 297; 2002 U.S. App. LEXIS 9057 (Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 2002).
go back to reference Doe v. John Hopkins Health Sys. Corp., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 53257 (District Court for the District of Maryland 2017). Doe v. John Hopkins Health Sys. Corp., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 53257 (District Court for the District of Maryland 2017).
go back to reference Duane Readle, Inc. v. Local 338 Retail, Wholesale, Department store union, 777 N.Y.S.2d 231 (supreme court of New York 2003). Duane Readle, Inc. v. Local 338 Retail, Wholesale, Department store union, 777 N.Y.S.2d 231 (supreme court of New York 2003).
go back to reference EEOC v. Day & Zimmerman NPS, Inc., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 133918 (District Court for the District of Connecticut 2017). EEOC v. Day & Zimmerman NPS, Inc., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 133918 (District Court for the District of Connecticut 2017).
go back to reference Ferrer v. Host International, Inc., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 32511 (District Court for the Central District of California 2017). Ferrer v. Host International, Inc., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 32511 (District Court for the Central District of California 2017).
go back to reference Finkin, M. W. (2012). The labor law group conference on the proposed restatement of employment law: An excursion through strange terrain: Chapters 6 (defamation) and seven (privacy and autonomy). Employee Rights & Employment Policy Journal, 16, 465–496. Finkin, M. W. (2012). The labor law group conference on the proposed restatement of employment law: An excursion through strange terrain: Chapters 6 (defamation) and seven (privacy and autonomy). Employee Rights & Employment Policy Journal, 16, 465–496.
go back to reference Florida Evergreen Foliage v. E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., 133 F. Supp. 2d 1271 (district court for the Southern District of Florida 2001). Florida Evergreen Foliage v. E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., 133 F. Supp. 2d 1271 (district court for the Southern District of Florida 2001).
go back to reference Frank Samuels v. James D. Tschechtelin, 763 A.2d 209; 2000 Md. App. LEXIS 169 (Maryland Court of Appeals 2000). Frank Samuels v. James D. Tschechtelin, 763 A.2d 209; 2000 Md. App. LEXIS 169 (Maryland Court of Appeals 2000).
go back to reference Gaines v. City of Dallas, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 86780 (District Court for the Northern District of Texas 2018). Gaines v. City of Dallas, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 86780 (District Court for the Northern District of Texas 2018).
go back to reference Gonalez v. City of Chicago, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 55141 (District Court for the Northern District of Illinois 2018). Gonalez v. City of Chicago, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 55141 (District Court for the Northern District of Illinois 2018).
go back to reference Harley v. City of N.J. City, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 98808 (District Court for the District of New Jersey 2017). Harley v. City of N.J. City, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 98808 (District Court for the District of New Jersey 2017).
go back to reference Herlihy v. Metro Museum of Art, 1995 N.Y App. Div. LEXIS 10035 (Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division1995). Herlihy v. Metro Museum of Art, 1995 N.Y App. Div. LEXIS 10035 (Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division1995).
go back to reference Harris v. Hirsh, 1994 N.Y. LEXIS 1283 (Court of Appeals of New York 1994). Harris v. Hirsh, 1994 N.Y. LEXIS 1283 (Court of Appeals of New York 1994).
go back to reference Holliday v. Fairbanks, 2017 U.S. District LEXIS 105566 (District Court for the District of New Hampshire). Holliday v. Fairbanks, 2017 U.S. District LEXIS 105566 (District Court for the District of New Hampshire).
go back to reference Jews for Jesus, Inc. v. Rapp, 997 so. 2d 1098 (Florida Supreme Court 2008). Jews for Jesus, Inc. v. Rapp, 997 so. 2d 1098 (Florida Supreme Court 2008).
go back to reference Kaiser v. Raoul’s Restaurant Corp., 2008 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 8854 (Supreme Court of New York 2008). Kaiser v. Raoul’s Restaurant Corp., 2008 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 8854 (Supreme Court of New York 2008).
go back to reference Kalmanson v. Lockett, 848 So. 2d 374 (Florida court of appeals 2003). Kalmanson v. Lockett, 848 So. 2d 374 (Florida court of appeals 2003).
go back to reference LaBozzo v. Brooks Bros., 2002 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 605 (Supreme Court of New York 2002). LaBozzo v. Brooks Bros., 2002 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 605 (Supreme Court of New York 2002).
go back to reference Lewis, J. B., & Mersol, G. W. (Fall 2002). Opinion and rhetorical hyperbole in workplace defamation actions: the continuing quest for meaningful standards. DePaul Law Review, 52, 19–82. Lewis, J. B., & Mersol, G. W. (Fall 2002). Opinion and rhetorical hyperbole in workplace defamation actions: the continuing quest for meaningful standards. DePaul Law Review, 52, 19–82.
go back to reference Lipsig v. Ramlawi, 760 so.2d 170 (Florida court of appeals 2000). Lipsig v. Ramlawi, 760 so.2d 170 (Florida court of appeals 2000).
go back to reference Lora v. Ledo Pizza Sys, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118474 (District Court for the District of Maryland 2017). Lora v. Ledo Pizza Sys, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118474 (District Court for the District of Maryland 2017).
go back to reference Lorfing v. Gerdau Ameristeel U.S., Inc., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 20575 (District Court for the Northern District of Texas 2017). Lorfing v. Gerdau Ameristeel U.S., Inc., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 20575 (District Court for the Northern District of Texas 2017).
go back to reference Lorzada v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., 2017 U.S. App. LEXIS 13820 (Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 2017). Lorzada v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., 2017 U.S. App. LEXIS 13820 (Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 2017).
go back to reference Manswell v. Heavenly Miracle Acad. Servs., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 136366 (District Court for the Eastern District of New York 2017). Manswell v. Heavenly Miracle Acad. Servs., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 136366 (District Court for the Eastern District of New York 2017).
go back to reference Menelly v. Willex Indus. Corp 2011 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 5498 (Supreme Court of New York 2011). Menelly v. Willex Indus. Corp 2011 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 5498 (Supreme Court of New York 2011).
go back to reference Meyer v. Shearson Lehman Bros, 1995 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 537 (Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, 1995). Meyer v. Shearson Lehman Bros, 1995 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 537 (Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, 1995).
go back to reference Nicely, A. A. (2011). Employment-related defamation claims: A new spin on an old tort. Westlaw Journal: Employment, 25(16), 1–6. Nicely, A. A. (2011). Employment-related defamation claims: A new spin on an old tort. Westlaw Journal: Employment, 25(16), 1–6.
go back to reference Porietis v. Tradesmen Int’l 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 92 (District Court for the District of Maine 2017). Porietis v. Tradesmen Int’l 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 92 (District Court for the District of Maine 2017).
go back to reference Postrello v. Scottsdale Healthcare Hosps, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19 (District Court for the District of Arizona 2018). Postrello v. Scottsdale Healthcare Hosps, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19 (District Court for the District of Arizona 2018).
go back to reference Priore v. N.Y. Yankees, 2003 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 6119 (Supreme Court of New York 2003). Priore v. N.Y. Yankees, 2003 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 6119 (Supreme Court of New York 2003).
go back to reference Rausman v. Baugh, 1998 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 12484 (Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division 1998). Rausman v. Baugh, 1998 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 12484 (Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division 1998).
go back to reference Rohr, John A. (1998). Public service, ethics, and constitutional practice. University of Kansas Press. Rohr, John A. (1998). Public service, ethics, and constitutional practice. University of Kansas Press.
go back to reference Schwartz, Jill S. (2016). Common Law Employment Claims, The Florida Bar Association. 16thLabor and Employment Law Update and Certification Review, Vol. II, pp. 8.1–8.20. Schwartz, Jill S. (2016). Common Law Employment Claims, The Florida Bar Association. 16thLabor and Employment Law Update and Certification Review, Vol. II, pp. 8.1–8.20.
go back to reference Smith v. Datla, 2017 N.J. Super. LEXIS 95 (Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division 2017). Smith v. Datla, 2017 N.J. Super. LEXIS 95 (Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division 2017).
go back to reference Smith v. Library Board of Homestead, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 72778 (District Court for the Northern District of Alabama 2018). Smith v. Library Board of Homestead, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 72778 (District Court for the Northern District of Alabama 2018).
go back to reference Soni v. Wespiser, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 31274 (District Court for the District of Massachusetts 2017). Soni v. Wespiser, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 31274 (District Court for the District of Massachusetts 2017).
go back to reference Spears v. Albertsons, Inc., 848 so. 2d 1176 (Florida court of appeals 2003). Spears v. Albertsons, Inc., 848 so. 2d 1176 (Florida court of appeals 2003).
go back to reference Steven John Theisen v. Covenant Medical Center, 636 N.W.2d 74; 2001 Iowa Sup. LEXIS 205 (Iowa Supreme Court 2001). Steven John Theisen v. Covenant Medical Center, 636 N.W.2d 74; 2001 Iowa Sup. LEXIS 205 (Iowa Supreme Court 2001).
go back to reference Sullivan v. City of Frederick, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 3444 (District Court for the District of Maryland 2018). Sullivan v. City of Frederick, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 3444 (District Court for the District of Maryland 2018).
go back to reference Theriault v. Genesis Healthcare LLC, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 59598 (District Court for the District of Maine 2017). Theriault v. Genesis Healthcare LLC, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 59598 (District Court for the District of Maine 2017).
go back to reference Trahanas v. Northwestern Univ., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 104098 (District Court for Northern District of Illinois 2017). Trahanas v. Northwestern Univ., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 104098 (District Court for Northern District of Illinois 2017).
go back to reference Uyar v. Seli, 2017 U.S. District LEXIS 30853 (District Court for the District of Connecticut 2017). Uyar v. Seli, 2017 U.S. District LEXIS 30853 (District Court for the District of Connecticut 2017).
go back to reference Virginia Stringer v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 151 S.W.3d 781; 2004 Ky. LEXIS 245 (Kentucky Supreme Court 2004). Virginia Stringer v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 151 S.W.3d 781; 2004 Ky. LEXIS 245 (Kentucky Supreme Court 2004).
go back to reference Walter v. Jet Aviation Flight Servs., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 119567 (District Court for the Southern District of Florida 2017). Walter v. Jet Aviation Flight Servs., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 119567 (District Court for the Southern District of Florida 2017).
go back to reference Wheeler v. Home Depot U.S.A., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 41783 (District Court for the Southern District of California 2017). Wheeler v. Home Depot U.S.A., 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 41783 (District Court for the Southern District of California 2017).
go back to reference Wideberg v. Tiffany & Co. 1992 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 538 (Supreme Court of New York1992). Wideberg v. Tiffany & Co. 1992 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 538 (Supreme Court of New York1992).
go back to reference Wilson v. New York, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10492 (District Court for the Eastern District of New York 2017). Wilson v. New York, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10492 (District Court for the Eastern District of New York 2017).
Metadata
Title
Defamation by Slander and Libel in the Workplace and Recommendations to Avoid Legal Liability
Authors
Frank J. Cavico
Bahaudin G. Mujtaba
Publication date
20-09-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Public Organization Review / Issue 1/2020
Print ISSN: 1566-7170
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7098
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-018-0424-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

Public Organization Review 1/2020 Go to the issue