Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Energy Efficiency 6/2017

28-06-2017 | Original Article

Direct rebound effect for urban household in China—an empirical study

Authors: Xuehui Li, Jianghua Liu, Xia Liu

Published in: Energy Efficiency | Issue 6/2017

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Household sector has become one important target sector on which the Chinese government implements its energy-saving and emission reduction policies. Improving energy efficiency is the primary method adopted by the Chinese government for energy conservation. However, its real energy-saving effects would be affected greatly owing to energy rebound effects. In this paper, we set up a Linear Approximation of the Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model to estimate the direct rebound effect for urban households in China, and real energy conservation effect of improving energy efficiency is also obtained. The assessment of the rebound has a lot of uncertainty, and therefore, exact figures are hard to determine. The results show that energy rebound for Chinese urban household is approximately 66%. In this regard, the Chinese government could not accomplish the energy conservation target through improving energy efficiency only. Policy supplements like energy pricing reform are also needed.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Footnotes
1
Data source: author calculated it based on the relevant data from China Statistical Yearbook 2013
 
2
Data source: author calculated it based on the relevant data from China Statistical Yearbook 2013 and China Premium Database
 
4
Tibet is not included due to data unavailability and Chongqing is classed into Sichuan province
 
Literature
go back to reference Baker, P., Blundell, R., & Micklewright, J. (1989). Modelling household energy expenditures using micro-data. The Economic Journal, 99(397), 720–738.CrossRef Baker, P., Blundell, R., & Micklewright, J. (1989). Modelling household energy expenditures using micro-data. The Economic Journal, 99(397), 720–738.CrossRef
go back to reference Bentzen, J. (2004). Estimating the rebound effect in US manufacturing energy consumption. Energy Economics, 26, 123–134.CrossRef Bentzen, J. (2004). Estimating the rebound effect in US manufacturing energy consumption. Energy Economics, 26, 123–134.CrossRef
go back to reference Berkhout, P. H., Muskens, J. C., & Velthuijsen, J. W. (2000). Defining the rebound effect. Energy Policy, 28, 425–432.CrossRef Berkhout, P. H., Muskens, J. C., & Velthuijsen, J. W. (2000). Defining the rebound effect. Energy Policy, 28, 425–432.CrossRef
go back to reference Binswanger, M. (2001). Technological progress and sustainable development: what about the rebound effect? Ecological Economics, 36, 119–132.CrossRef Binswanger, M. (2001). Technological progress and sustainable development: what about the rebound effect? Ecological Economics, 36, 119–132.CrossRef
go back to reference Box, G. E., & Pierce, D. A. (1970). Distribution of residual autocorrelations in autoregressive-integrated moving average time series models. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 65, 1509–1526.MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Box, G. E., & Pierce, D. A. (1970). Distribution of residual autocorrelations in autoregressive-integrated moving average time series models. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 65, 1509–1526.MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
go back to reference Chan, N., & Gillingham, K. (2014). The microeconomic theory of the rebound effect and its welfare implications. Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 2, 133–159.CrossRef Chan, N., & Gillingham, K. (2014). The microeconomic theory of the rebound effect and its welfare implications. Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 2, 133–159.CrossRef
go back to reference Chitnis, M., Sorrell, S., Druckman, A., Firth, S. K., & Jackson, T. (2013). Turning lights into flights: estimating direct and indirect rebound effects for UK households. Energy Policy, 55, 234–250.CrossRef Chitnis, M., Sorrell, S., Druckman, A., Firth, S. K., & Jackson, T. (2013). Turning lights into flights: estimating direct and indirect rebound effects for UK households. Energy Policy, 55, 234–250.CrossRef
go back to reference Chitnis, M., Sorrell, S., Druckman, A., Firth, S. K., & Jackson, T. (2014). Who rebounds most? Estimating direct and indirect rebound effects for different UK socioeconomic groups. Ecological Economics, 106, 12–32.CrossRef Chitnis, M., Sorrell, S., Druckman, A., Firth, S. K., & Jackson, T. (2014). Who rebounds most? Estimating direct and indirect rebound effects for different UK socioeconomic groups. Ecological Economics, 106, 12–32.CrossRef
go back to reference Davis, L. W. (2008). Durable goods and residential demand for energy and water: evidence from a field trial. The Rand Journal of Economics, 39, 530–546.CrossRef Davis, L. W. (2008). Durable goods and residential demand for energy and water: evidence from a field trial. The Rand Journal of Economics, 39, 530–546.CrossRef
go back to reference Deaton, A., & Muellbauer, J. (1980). An almost ideal demand system. The American Economic Review, 312–326. Deaton, A., & Muellbauer, J. (1980). An almost ideal demand system. The American Economic Review, 312–326.
go back to reference Dubin, J. A., Miedema, A. K., & Chandran, R. V. (1986). Price effects of energy-efficient technologies: a study of residential demand for heating and cooling. The Rand Journal of Economics, 17(3), 310–325.CrossRef Dubin, J. A., Miedema, A. K., & Chandran, R. V. (1986). Price effects of energy-efficient technologies: a study of residential demand for heating and cooling. The Rand Journal of Economics, 17(3), 310–325.CrossRef
go back to reference Dumagan, J. C., & Mount, T. D. (1993). Welfare effects of improving end-use efficiency: theory and application to residential electricity demand. Resource and Energy Economics, 15, 175–201.CrossRef Dumagan, J. C., & Mount, T. D. (1993). Welfare effects of improving end-use efficiency: theory and application to residential electricity demand. Resource and Energy Economics, 15, 175–201.CrossRef
go back to reference EIA, 2011. The International Energy Outlook 2011. EIA, 2011. The International Energy Outlook 2011.
go back to reference Fang, C., & Beghin, J. C. (2002). Urban demand for edible oils and fats in China: evidence from household survey data. Journal of Comparative Economics, 30, 732–753.CrossRef Fang, C., & Beghin, J. C. (2002). Urban demand for edible oils and fats in China: evidence from household survey data. Journal of Comparative Economics, 30, 732–753.CrossRef
go back to reference Fang, C., Wailes, E., Gramer, G., 1998. China’s rural and urban household survey data: collection, availability, and problems, 1998 AAEA Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City. Fang, C., Wailes, E., Gramer, G., 1998. China’s rural and urban household survey data: collection, availability, and problems, 1998 AAEA Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City.
go back to reference Freire González, J. (2010). Empirical evidence of direct rebound effect in Catalonia. Energy Policy, 38, 2309–2314.CrossRef Freire González, J. (2010). Empirical evidence of direct rebound effect in Catalonia. Energy Policy, 38, 2309–2314.CrossRef
go back to reference Frondel, M., & Schmidt, C. M. (2005). Evaluating environmental programs: the perspective of modern evaluation research. Ecological Economics, 55, 515–526.CrossRef Frondel, M., & Schmidt, C. M. (2005). Evaluating environmental programs: the perspective of modern evaluation research. Ecological Economics, 55, 515–526.CrossRef
go back to reference Gavankar, S., & Geyer, R. (2010). The rebound effect: state of the debate and implications for energy efficiency research. Santa Barbara: Bren School of Environmental Science and Management. Gavankar, S., & Geyer, R. (2010). The rebound effect: state of the debate and implications for energy efficiency research. Santa Barbara: Bren School of Environmental Science and Management.
go back to reference Gillingham, K., 2011. How do consumers respond to gasoline price shocks? Heterogeneity in vehicle choice and driving behavior. Manuscript: Yale University. Gillingham, K., 2011. How do consumers respond to gasoline price shocks? Heterogeneity in vehicle choice and driving behavior. Manuscript: Yale University.
go back to reference González, J. F. (2010). Empirical evidence of direct rebound effect in Catalonia. Energy Policy, 38, 2309–2314.CrossRef González, J. F. (2010). Empirical evidence of direct rebound effect in Catalonia. Energy Policy, 38, 2309–2314.CrossRef
go back to reference Green, R., & Alston, J. M. (1990). Elasticities in AIDS models. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72, 442–445.CrossRef Green, R., & Alston, J. M. (1990). Elasticities in AIDS models. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72, 442–445.CrossRef
go back to reference Green, R., & Alston, J. M. (1991). Elasticities in AIDS models: a clarification and extension. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 73, 874–875.CrossRef Green, R., & Alston, J. M. (1991). Elasticities in AIDS models: a clarification and extension. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 73, 874–875.CrossRef
go back to reference Greene, D. L. (1992). Vehicle use and fuel economy: how big is the “rebound” effect? The Energy Journal, 13(13), 117–143. Greene, D. L. (1992). Vehicle use and fuel economy: how big is the “rebound” effect? The Energy Journal, 13(13), 117–143.
go back to reference Greene, D. L., Kahn, J. R., & Gibson, R. C. (1999). Fuel economy rebound effect for US household vehicles. The Energy Journal, 20(3), 1–31.CrossRef Greene, D. L., Kahn, J. R., & Gibson, R. C. (1999). Fuel economy rebound effect for US household vehicles. The Energy Journal, 20(3), 1–31.CrossRef
go back to reference Greening, L. A., Greene, D. L., & Difiglio, C. (2000). Energy efficiency and consumption—the rebound effect—a survey. Energy Policy, 28, 389–401.CrossRef Greening, L. A., Greene, D. L., & Difiglio, C. (2000). Energy efficiency and consumption—the rebound effect—a survey. Energy Policy, 28, 389–401.CrossRef
go back to reference Guertin, C., Kumbhakar, S.C., Duraiappah, A.K., 2003. Determining demand for energy services: investigating income-driven behaviours. International Institute for Sustainable Development. Guertin, C., Kumbhakar, S.C., Duraiappah, A.K., 2003. Determining demand for energy services: investigating income-driven behaviours. International Institute for Sustainable Development.
go back to reference Haas, R., & Biermayr, P. (2000). The rebound effect for space heating empirical evidence from Austria. Energy Policy, 28, 403–410.CrossRef Haas, R., & Biermayr, P. (2000). The rebound effect for space heating empirical evidence from Austria. Energy Policy, 28, 403–410.CrossRef
go back to reference Henly, J., Ruderman, H., & Levine, M. D. (1988). Energy saving resulting from the adoption of more efficient appliances: a follow-up. The Energy Journal, 9(2), 163–170. Henly, J., Ruderman, H., & Levine, M. D. (1988). Energy saving resulting from the adoption of more efficient appliances: a follow-up. The Energy Journal, 9(2), 163–170.
go back to reference Hens, H., Parijs, W., & Deurinck, M. (2010). Energy consumption for heating and rebound effects. Energy and Buildings, 42, 105–110.CrossRef Hens, H., Parijs, W., & Deurinck, M. (2010). Energy consumption for heating and rebound effects. Energy and Buildings, 42, 105–110.CrossRef
go back to reference Herring, H., & Roy, R. (2007). Technological innovation, energy efficient design and the rebound effect. Technovation, 27, 194–203.CrossRef Herring, H., & Roy, R. (2007). Technological innovation, energy efficient design and the rebound effect. Technovation, 27, 194–203.CrossRef
go back to reference Hong, S. H., Oreszczyn, T., Ridley, I., & Group, WFS. (2006). The impact of energy efficient refurbishment on the space heating fuel consumption in English dwellings. Energy and Buildings, 38, 1171–1181.CrossRef Hong, S. H., Oreszczyn, T., Ridley, I., & Group, WFS. (2006). The impact of energy efficient refurbishment on the space heating fuel consumption in English dwellings. Energy and Buildings, 38, 1171–1181.CrossRef
go back to reference Hussain, A., Lanjouw, P., & Stern, N. (1994). Income inequalities in China: evidence from household survey data. World Development, 22, 1947–1957.CrossRef Hussain, A., Lanjouw, P., & Stern, N. (1994). Income inequalities in China: evidence from household survey data. World Development, 22, 1947–1957.CrossRef
go back to reference Hymel, K. M., Small, K. A., & Van Dender, K. (2010). Induced demand and rebound effects in road transport. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 44, 1220–1241.CrossRef Hymel, K. M., Small, K. A., & Van Dender, K. (2010). Induced demand and rebound effects in road transport. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 44, 1220–1241.CrossRef
go back to reference Jin, S.-H. (2007). The effectiveness of energy efficiency improvement in a developing country: rebound effect of residential electricity use in South Korea. Energy Policy, 35, 5622–5629.CrossRef Jin, S.-H. (2007). The effectiveness of energy efficiency improvement in a developing country: rebound effect of residential electricity use in South Korea. Energy Policy, 35, 5622–5629.CrossRef
go back to reference Jones, C. T. (1993). Another look at US passenger vehicle use and the “rebound” effect from improved fuel efficiency. The Energy Journal, 14(4), 99–110.CrossRef Jones, C. T. (1993). Another look at US passenger vehicle use and the “rebound” effect from improved fuel efficiency. The Energy Journal, 14(4), 99–110.CrossRef
go back to reference Khazzoom, J. D. (1980). Economic implications of mandated efficiency in standards for household appliances. The Energy Journal, 1, 21–40. Khazzoom, J. D. (1980). Economic implications of mandated efficiency in standards for household appliances. The Energy Journal, 1, 21–40.
go back to reference Lewis, P., & Andtews, N. (1989). Household demand in China. Applied Economics, 21, 793–807.CrossRef Lewis, P., & Andtews, N. (1989). Household demand in China. Applied Economics, 21, 793–807.CrossRef
go back to reference Lin, B., & Li, J. (2014). The rebound effect for heavy industry: empirical evidence from China. Energy Policy, 74, 589–599.CrossRef Lin, B., & Li, J. (2014). The rebound effect for heavy industry: empirical evidence from China. Energy Policy, 74, 589–599.CrossRef
go back to reference Lin, B., & Liu, H. (2015). A study on the energy rebound effect of China’s residential building energy efficiency. Energy and Buildings, 86, 608–618.CrossRef Lin, B., & Liu, H. (2015). A study on the energy rebound effect of China’s residential building energy efficiency. Energy and Buildings, 86, 608–618.CrossRef
go back to reference Liu, Y., & Liu, F. (2008). Rebound effect of energy consumption due to technological progress: empirical analysis based on provincial panel data in China. Resource Science, 30, 1300–1306. Liu, Y., & Liu, F. (2008). Rebound effect of energy consumption due to technological progress: empirical analysis based on provincial panel data in China. Resource Science, 30, 1300–1306.
go back to reference Ljung, G. M., & Box, G. E. (1978). On a measure of lack of fit in time series models. Biometrika, 65, 297–303.CrossRefMATH Ljung, G. M., & Box, G. E. (1978). On a measure of lack of fit in time series models. Biometrika, 65, 297–303.CrossRefMATH
go back to reference Matos, F. J., & Silva, F. J. (2011). The rebound effect on road freight transport: empirical evidence from Portugal. Energy Policy, 39, 2833–2841.CrossRef Matos, F. J., & Silva, F. J. (2011). The rebound effect on road freight transport: empirical evidence from Portugal. Energy Policy, 39, 2833–2841.CrossRef
go back to reference Milne, G., & Boardman, B. (2000). Making cold homes warmer: the effect of energy efficiency improvements in low-income homes. A report to the energy action grants agency charitable trust. Energy Policy, 28, 411–424.CrossRef Milne, G., & Boardman, B. (2000). Making cold homes warmer: the effect of energy efficiency improvements in low-income homes. A report to the energy action grants agency charitable trust. Energy Policy, 28, 411–424.CrossRef
go back to reference Mizobuchi, K. (2008). An empirical study on the rebound effect considering capital costs. Energy Economics, 30, 2486–2516.CrossRef Mizobuchi, K. (2008). An empirical study on the rebound effect considering capital costs. Energy Economics, 30, 2486–2516.CrossRef
go back to reference National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2014). China Statistical Yearbook 2013. Beijing: China Statistical Press. National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2014). China Statistical Yearbook 2013. Beijing: China Statistical Press.
go back to reference Nesbakken, R. (2001). Energy consumption for space heating: a discrete–continuous approach. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 103, 165–184.CrossRef Nesbakken, R. (2001). Energy consumption for space heating: a discrete–continuous approach. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 103, 165–184.CrossRef
go back to reference Orasch, W., & Wirl, F. (1997). Technological efficiency and the demand for energy (road transport). Energy Policy, 25, 1129–1136.CrossRef Orasch, W., & Wirl, F. (1997). Technological efficiency and the demand for energy (road transport). Energy Policy, 25, 1129–1136.CrossRef
go back to reference Roy, J. (2000). The rebound effect: some empirical evidence from India. Energy Policy, 28, 433–438.CrossRef Roy, J. (2000). The rebound effect: some empirical evidence from India. Energy Policy, 28, 433–438.CrossRef
go back to reference Schipper, L., & Grubb, M. (2000). On the rebound? Feedback between energy intensities and energy uses in IEA countries. Energy Policy, 28, 367–388.CrossRef Schipper, L., & Grubb, M. (2000). On the rebound? Feedback between energy intensities and energy uses in IEA countries. Energy Policy, 28, 367–388.CrossRef
go back to reference Schwarz, P. M., & Taylor, T. N. (1995). Cold hands, warm hearth?: climate, net takeback, and household comfort. The Energy Journal, 16(1), 41–54.CrossRef Schwarz, P. M., & Taylor, T. N. (1995). Cold hands, warm hearth?: climate, net takeback, and household comfort. The Energy Journal, 16(1), 41–54.CrossRef
go back to reference Small, K. A., & Van Dender, K. (2007). Fuel efficiency and motor vehicle travel: the declining rebound effect. The Energy Journal, 28(1), 25–51.CrossRef Small, K. A., & Van Dender, K. (2007). Fuel efficiency and motor vehicle travel: the declining rebound effect. The Energy Journal, 28(1), 25–51.CrossRef
go back to reference Small, K.A., Van Dender, K., Commission, CE, 2005. A study to evaluate the effect of reduced greenhouse gas emissions on vehicle miles traveled. California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, Research Division. Small, K.A., Van Dender, K., Commission, CE, 2005. A study to evaluate the effect of reduced greenhouse gas emissions on vehicle miles traveled. California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, Research Division.
go back to reference Sommerville, M., & Sorrell, S. (2007). UKERC review of evidence for the rebound effect: technical report 1: evaluation studies. London: UK Energy Research Centre. Sommerville, M., & Sorrell, S. (2007). UKERC review of evidence for the rebound effect: technical report 1: evaluation studies. London: UK Energy Research Centre.
go back to reference Sorrell, S. (2007). UKERC review of evidence for the rebound effect supplementary note: graphical illustrations of rebound effects. London: UK Energy Research Centre. Sorrell, S. (2007). UKERC review of evidence for the rebound effect supplementary note: graphical illustrations of rebound effects. London: UK Energy Research Centre.
go back to reference Sorrell, S., & Dimitropoulos, J. (2007a). The rebound effect. An assessment of the evidence for economy-wide energy savings from improved energy efficiency. London: UK Energy Research Centre. Sorrell, S., & Dimitropoulos, J. (2007a). The rebound effect. An assessment of the evidence for economy-wide energy savings from improved energy efficiency. London: UK Energy Research Centre.
go back to reference Sorrell, S., & Dimitropoulos, J. (2007b). UKERC review of evidence for the rebound effect: technical report 5—energy productivity and economic growth studies. London: UK Energy Research Centre. Sorrell, S., & Dimitropoulos, J. (2007b). UKERC review of evidence for the rebound effect: technical report 5—energy productivity and economic growth studies. London: UK Energy Research Centre.
go back to reference Sorrell, S., & Dimitropoulos, J. (2008). The rebound effect: microeconomic definitions, limitations and extensions. Ecological Economics, 65, 636–649.CrossRef Sorrell, S., & Dimitropoulos, J. (2008). The rebound effect: microeconomic definitions, limitations and extensions. Ecological Economics, 65, 636–649.CrossRef
go back to reference Sorrell, S., Dimitropoulos, J., & Sommerville, M. (2009). Empirical estimates of the direct rebound effect: a review. Energy Policy, 37, 1356–1371.CrossRef Sorrell, S., Dimitropoulos, J., & Sommerville, M. (2009). Empirical estimates of the direct rebound effect: a review. Energy Policy, 37, 1356–1371.CrossRef
go back to reference Thomas, B. A., & Azevedo, I. L. (2013). Estimating direct and indirect rebound effects for U.S. households with input–output analysis part 1: theoretical framework. Ecological Economics, 86, 199–210.CrossRef Thomas, B. A., & Azevedo, I. L. (2013). Estimating direct and indirect rebound effects for U.S. households with input–output analysis part 1: theoretical framework. Ecological Economics, 86, 199–210.CrossRef
go back to reference Wang, Q., & Zhou, D. (2008). Improved model for energy rebound effect measurement and empirical research. Journal of Management, 5, 688–691. Wang, Q., & Zhou, D. (2008). Improved model for energy rebound effect measurement and empirical research. Journal of Management, 5, 688–691.
go back to reference Wang, H., Zhou, P., & Zhou, D. (2012). An empirical study of direct rebound effect for passenger transport in urban China. Energy Economics, 34, 452–460.CrossRef Wang, H., Zhou, P., & Zhou, D. (2012). An empirical study of direct rebound effect for passenger transport in urban China. Energy Economics, 34, 452–460.CrossRef
go back to reference Wirl, F., 1997. The economics of conservation programs. Springer Science & Business Media. Wirl, F., 1997. The economics of conservation programs. Springer Science & Business Media.
go back to reference Yu, B., Zhang, J., & Fujiwara, A. (2013). Evaluating the direct and indirect rebound effects in household energy consumption behavior: a case study of Beijing. Energy Policy, 57, 441–453.CrossRef Yu, B., Zhang, J., & Fujiwara, A. (2013). Evaluating the direct and indirect rebound effects in household energy consumption behavior: a case study of Beijing. Energy Policy, 57, 441–453.CrossRef
go back to reference Zellner, A. (1962). An efficient method of estimating seemingly unrelated regressions and tests for aggregation bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 57, 348–368.MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Zellner, A. (1962). An efficient method of estimating seemingly unrelated regressions and tests for aggregation bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 57, 348–368.MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
go back to reference Zhou, Y., & Lin, Y. (2007). The estimation of technological progress on the energy consumption returns effects. The Economist, 2, e52. Zhou, Y., & Lin, Y. (2007). The estimation of technological progress on the energy consumption returns effects. The Economist, 2, e52.
go back to reference Zhu, L. (2010). An empirical study of China’s urban and rural residents’ consumption level and consumption structure based on AIDS model. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Zhu, L. (2010). An empirical study of China’s urban and rural residents’ consumption level and consumption structure based on AIDS model. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Metadata
Title
Direct rebound effect for urban household in China—an empirical study
Authors
Xuehui Li
Jianghua Liu
Xia Liu
Publication date
28-06-2017
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Energy Efficiency / Issue 6/2017
Print ISSN: 1570-646X
Electronic ISSN: 1570-6478
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-017-9533-4

Other articles of this Issue 6/2017

Energy Efficiency 6/2017 Go to the issue