Effect of change of temperature

How will a ply or a laminate behave when it undergoes a change of temperature? Will clearances in the plane, or curvatures causing out-of-plane displacements, be acceptable? Will the product warp? Will it warp too much? What modes of deformation might we expect to see in a given ply or laminate? How does laminate construction affect the deformation response to a change of uniform temperature or a temperature gradient through the thickness of the ply or laminate? For example, which of the following midplane strain and curvature responses in Figure7.1 is likely from which initially-flat single ply or laminate constructions under a change of uniform temperature? What types of stress will be set up in the plies and what effect will this have on the strength of the laminate, bearing in mind the simultaneous application of mechanical loads?