Top

Journal of Materials Science

Published in:

03-01-2022 | Review

Effects of carbon nanotubes on the interlaminar shear strength and fracture toughness of carbon fiber composite laminates: a review

Authors: Ce Zhang, Guoli Zhang, XiaoPing Shi, Xi Wang

Published in: Journal of Materials Science | Issue 4/2022

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

The interlaminar mechanical properties of composites are important parameters for the application of laminates, and many scholars have applied carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a promising solution to alleviate the delamination of laminates owing to its excellent mechanical properties and resin compatibility. The types of CNTs and their spatial distribution state in laminates can significantly affect the final interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and fracture toughness of the laminates. In this paper, the methods of introducing CNTs into laminates are summarized, the techniques and methods for controlling the key parameters of CNTs such as dispersion, distribution and orientation of CNTs in laminates are reviewed. And then, these parameters of CNTs on ILSS and fracture toughness were discussed. It was found that CNTs with small diameters had more advantages in improving interlaminar mechanical properties because they easily penetrated the reinforced fabric. Moreover, CNTs distributed vertically along the thickness direction can improve the interlaminar mechanical properties of composites to a greater extent. Furthermore, through comprehensive comparison, we found that chemical vapor deposition method, interlayer insertion and surface assembly can significantly improve the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, while the resin mixing and prepreg modification can greatly improve the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness. In addition, CNTs local filling technology can achieve the purpose of local performance improvement for composite components. Finally, the current issues and potential opportunities of the carbon fiber-reinforced laminates filled with CNTs are pointed out, and new directions for future prospects are proposed.

previous article Strategies for area-selective deposition of metal nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes and their applications: a review

next article Engineering microstructure toward split-free mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Liew KM, Lei ZX, Zhang LW (2015) Mechanical analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composites: a review. Compos Struct 120:90–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.09.041CrossRef

Kafi A, Huson M, Creighton C, Khoo J, Mazzola L, Gengenbach T, Jones F, Fox B (2014) Effect of surface functionality of PAN-based carbon fibres on the mechanical performance of carbon/epoxy composites. Compos Sci Technol 94:89–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.01.011CrossRef

Gu YZ, Li M, Zhang ZG, Sun ZJ (2006) Numerical simulation and experimental study on consolidation of toughened epoxy resin composite laminates. J Compos Mater 40(24):2257–2277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998306062319CrossRef

Muflikhun MA, Yokozeki T, Aoki T (2019) The strain performance of thin CFRP-SPCC hybrid laminates for automobile structures. Compos Struct 220:11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.03.094CrossRef

Wicks SS, Wang WN, Williams MR, Wardle BL (2014) Multi-scale interlaminar fracture mechanisms in woven composite laminates reinforced with aligned carbon nanotubes. Compos Sci Technol 100:128–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.06.003CrossRef

Xie GY, Zhou G, Bao XJ (2009) Mechanical behaviour of advanced composite laminates embedded with carbon nanotubes: review. In: Leng J, Asundi AK, Ecke W (eds) Second international conference on smart materials and nanotechnology in engineering 7493. Proceedings of SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.836060

Mouritz AP, Cox BN (2010) A mechanistic interpretation of the comparative in-plane mechanical properties of 3D woven, stitched and pinned composites. Compos Part a-Appl Sci Manuf 41(6):709–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.02.001CrossRef

Lee L, Rudov-Clark S, Mouritz AP, Bannister MK, Herszberg I (2002) Effect of weaving damage on the tensile properties of three-dimensional woven composites. Compos Struct 57(1–4):405–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8223(02)00108-3CrossRef

Huang HS, Waas AM (2014) Quasi-static mode II fracture tests and simulations of Z-pinned woven composites. Eng Fract Mech 126:155–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.05.002CrossRef

10.

Lubineau G, Rahaman A (2012) A review of strategies for improving the degradation properties of laminated continuous-fiber/epoxy composites with carbon-based nanoreinforcements. Carbon 50(7):2377–2395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.01.059CrossRef

11.

Duc Nguyen D, Pham Dinh N (2017) The dynamic response and vibration of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) truncated conical shells resting on elastic foundations. Materials. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10101194CrossRef

12.

Li N, Huang Y, Du F, He XB, Lin X, Gao HJ, Ma YF, Li FF, Chen YS, Eklund PC (2006) Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of single-walled carbon nanotube epoxy composites. Nano Lett 6(6):1141–1145. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0602589CrossRef

13.

Kumar S, Ahlawat W, Kumar R, Dilbaghi N (2015) Graphene, carbon nanotubes, zinc oxide and gold as elite nanomaterials for fabrication of biosensors for healthcare. Biosens Bioelectron 70:498–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.062CrossRef

14.

Su SS, Wang YX, Qin JJ, Wang CG, Yao ZQ, Lu RJ, Wang QF (2019) Continuous method for grafting CNTs on the surface of carbon fibers based on cobalt catalyst assisted by thiourea. J Mater Sci 54(19):12498–12508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03827-8CrossRef

15.

Xu F, Liu HY, Du XS (2018) An analytical model of interlaminar fracture of polymer composite reinforced by carbon fibres grafted with carbon nanotubes. Polymers. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10060683CrossRef

16.

Guo J, Zhang QJ, Gao L, Zhong WH, Sui G, Yang XP (2017) Significantly improved electrical and interlaminar mechanical properties of carbon fiber laminated composites by using special carbon nanotube pre-dispersion mixture. Compos Part A-Appl Sci Manuf 95:294–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.01.021CrossRef

17.

Li W, Li YT, Xiang D, Zhao CX, Wang B, Li H, Han HC (2019) Simultaneous enhancement of electrical conductivity and interlaminar shear strength of CF/EP composites through MWCNTs doped thermoplastic polyurethane film interleaves. J Appl Polym Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.47988CrossRef

18.

Qian H, Greenhalgh ES, Shaffer MSP, Bismarck A (2010) Carbon nanotube-based hierarchical composites: a review. J Mater Chem 20(23):4751–4762. https://doi.org/10.1039/c000041hCrossRef

19.

Ou YF, Gonzalez C, Vilatela JJ (2020) Understanding interlaminar toughening of unidirectional CFRP laminates with carbon nanotube veils. Compos Part B-Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108372CrossRef

20.

Sheth D, Maiti S, Patel S, Kandasamy J, Chandan MR, Rahaman A (2020) Enhancement of mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy matrix laminated composites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Fuller, Nanotub, Carbon Nanostruct 29(4):288–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383x.2020.1839424CrossRef

21.

Su Y, Zhou F, Wei XH, Jing DQ, Zhang XH, Zhang SC (2020) Enhanced mechanical and electrical properties of carbon fiber/poly(ether ether ketone) laminates via inserting carbon nanotubes interleaves. J Appl Polym Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48658CrossRef

22.

Shen LL, Liu L, Zhou YX, Wu ZJ (2020) Thickness effect of carbon nanotube interleaves on free-edge delamination and ultimate strength within a symmetric composite laminate. Compos Part A-Appl Sci Manuf. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.105828CrossRef

23.

Kalfon-Cohen E, Kopp R, Furtado C, Ni X, Arteiro A, Borstnar G, Mavrogordato MN, Sinclair I, Spearing SM, Camanho PP, Wardle BL (2018) Synergetic effects of thin plies and aligned carbon nanotube interlaminar reinforcement in composite laminates. Compos Sci Technol 166:160–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.01.007CrossRef

24.

Thakre PR, Lagoudas DC, Riddick JC, Gates TS, Frankland SJV, Ratcliffe JG, Zhu J, Barrera EV (2011) Investigation of the effect of single wall carbon nanotubes on interlaminar fracture toughness of woven carbon fiber-epoxy composites. J Compos Mater 45(10):1091–1107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998310389088CrossRef

25.

Thostenson ET, Li C, Chou T-W (2005) Nanocomposites in context. Compos Sci Technol 65(3):491–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.11.003CrossRef

26.

Zhao Z, Teng K, Li N, Li X, Xu Z, Chen L, Niu J, Fu H, Zhao L, Liu Y (2017) Mechanical, thermal and interfacial performances of carbon fiber reinforced composites flavored by carbon nanotube in matrix/interface. Compos Struct 159:761–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.10.022CrossRef

27.

Fu S-Y, Chen Z-K, Hong S, Han CC (2009) The reduction of carbon nanotube (CNT) length during the manufacture of CNT/polymer composites and a method to simultaneously determine the resulting CNT and interfacial strengths. Carbon 47(14):3192–3200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.07.028CrossRef

28.

Zhou Y, Pervin F, Lewis L, Jeelani S (2008) Fabrication and characterization of carbon/epoxy composites mixed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct Mater Prop Microstruct Process 475(1–2):157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.043CrossRef

29.

Leng J, Xie G, Asundi AK, Zhou G, Bao X, Ecke W (2009) Mechanical behaviour of advanced composite laminates embedded with carbon nanotubes: review. 7493:74932E. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.836060

30.

Bekyarova E, Thostenson ET, Yu A, Itkis ME, Fakhrutdinov D, Chou T-W, Haddon RC (2007) Functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes for carbon fiber-epoxy composites. J Phys Chem C 111(48):17865–17871. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp071329aCrossRef

31.

Seyhan AT, Tanoglu M, Schulte K (2008) Mode I and mode II fracture toughness of E-glass non-crimp fabric/carbon nanotube (CNT) modified polymer based composites. Eng Fract Mech 75(18):5151–5162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2008.08.003CrossRef

32.

Gojny FH, Wichmann MHG, Fiedler B, Bauhofer W, Schulte K (2005) Influence of nano-modification on the mechanical and electrical properties of conventional fibre-reinforced composites. Compos Part A-Appl Sci Manuf 36(11):1525–1535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.02.007CrossRef

33.

Kim M, Park Y-B, Okoli OI, Zhang C (2009) Processing, characterization, and modeling of carbon nanotube-reinforced multiscale composites. Compos Sci Technol 69(3–4):335–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.10.019CrossRef

34.

An Q, Rider AN, Thostenson ET (2012) Electrophoretic deposition of carbon nanotubes onto carbon-fiber fabric for production of carbon/epoxy composites with improved mechanical properties. Carbon 50(11):4130–4143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.04.061CrossRef

35.

Awan FS, Fakhar MA, Khan LA, Zaheer U, Khan AF, Subhani T (2018) Interfacial mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-deposited carbon fiber epoxy matrix hierarchical composites. Compos Interfaces 25(8):681–699. https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2018.1439620CrossRef

36.

Mei L, Li Y, Wang R, Wang C, Peng Q, He X (2011) Multiscale carbon nanotube-carbon fiber reinforcement for advanced epoxy composites with high interfacial strength. Polym Polym Compos 19(2–3):107–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967391111019002-309CrossRef

37.

Bekyarova E, Thostenson ET, Yu A, Kim H, Gao J, Tang J, Hahn HT, Chou TW, Itkis ME, Haddon RC (2007) Multiscale carbon nanotube-carbon fiber reinforcement for advanced epoxy composites. Langmuir 23(7):3970–3974. https://doi.org/10.1021/la062743pCrossRef

38.

Dong L, Hou F, Li Y, Wang L, Gao H, Tang Y (2014) Preparation of continuous carbon nanotube networks in carbon fiber/epoxy composite. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 56:248–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.10.016CrossRef

39.

Li M, Gu Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang Z (2013) Interfacial improvement of carbon fiber/epoxy composites using a simple process for depositing commercially functionalized carbon nanotubes on the fibers. Carbon 52:109–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.09.011CrossRef

40.

Su Y, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Jing D (2018) Preparation and properties of carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber/poly (ether ether ketone) multiscale composites. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 108:89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.02.030CrossRef

41.

Fogel M, Parlevliet P, Olivier P, Dantras É (2017) Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 100:40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.04.020CrossRef

42.

Lee G, Ko KD, Yu YC, Lee J, Yu W-R, Youk JH (2015) A facile method for preparing CNT-grafted carbon fibers and improved tensile strength of their composites. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 69:132–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.11.015CrossRef

43.

Alejandro Rodriguez-Gonzalez J, Rubio-Gonzalez C, de Jesus K-H, Ramos-Galicia L, Velasco-Santos C (2018) Effect of seawater ageing on interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites containing carbon nanofillers. J Reinf Plast Compos 37(22):1346–1359. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684418796305CrossRef

44.

Zakaria MR, Akil HM, Omar MF, Abdullah MMA, Ab Rahman AA, Othman MBH (2020) Improving flexural and dielectric properties of carbon fiber epoxy composite laminates reinforced with carbon nanotubes interlayer using electrospray deposition. Nanotechnol Rev 9(1):1170–1182. https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0090CrossRef

45.

Lavagna L, Massella D, Pavese M (2017) Preparation of hierarchical material by chemical grafting of carbon nanotubes onto carbon fibers. Diam Relat Mater 80:118–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2017.10.013CrossRef

46.

Zhao F, Huang Y, Liu L, Bai Y, Xu L (2011) Formation of a carbon fiber/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/carbon nanotube hybrid reinforcement and its effect on the interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Carbon 49(8):2624–2632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.02.026CrossRef

47.

Rong HP, Dahmen KH, Garmestani H, Yu MH, Jacob KI (2013) Comparison of chemical vapor deposition and chemical grafting for improving the mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites with multi-wall carbon nanotubes. J Mater Sci 48(14):4834–4842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-7119-2CrossRef

48.

Garcia EJ, Wardle BL, John Hart A, Yamamoto N (2008) Fabrication and multifunctional properties of a hybrid laminate with aligned carbon nanotubes grown In Situ. Compos Sci Technol 68(9):2034–2041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.02.028CrossRef

49.

Kepple KL, Sanborn GP, Lacasse PA, Gruenberg KM, Ready WJ (2008) Improved fracture toughness of carbon fiber composite functionalized with multi walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon 46(15):2026–2033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2008.08.010CrossRef

50.

Ghorannevis Z, Kato T, Kaneko T, Hatakeyama R (2010) Growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes from nonmagnetic catalysts by plasma chemical vapor deposition. Japn J Appl Phys 49(2):02BA01. https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.49.02ba01CrossRef

51.

Baghgar M, Abdi Y, Arzi E (2009) Effects of magnetic and electric fields on the growth of carbon nanotubes using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Eur Phys J-Appl Phys. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2009162CrossRef

52.

An F, Lu C, Guo J, He S, Lu H, Yang Y (2011) Preparation of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays grown onto carbon fiber fabric and evaluating its wettability on effect of composite. Appl Surf Sci 258(3):1069–1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.09.003CrossRef

53.

Yokozeki T, Iwahori Y, Ishibashi M, Yanagisawa T, Imai K, Arai M, Takahashi T, Enomoto K (2009) Fracture toughness improvement of CFRP laminates by dispersion of cup-stacked carbon nanotubes. Compos Sci Technol 69(14):2268–2273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.12.017CrossRef

54.

Abot JL, Song Y, Schulz MJ, Shanov VN (2008) Novel carbon nanotube array-reinforced laminated composite materials with higher interlaminar elastic properties. Compos Sci Technol 68(13):2755–2760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.05.023CrossRef

55.

Feng P, Kong Y, Liu M, Peng S, Shuai C (2021) Dispersion strategies for low-dimensional nanomaterials and their application in biopolymer implants. Mater Today Nano. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtnano.2021.100127CrossRef

56.

Shuai C, Peng B, Feng P, Yu L, Lai R, Min A (2021) In situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanorods on graphene oxide nanosheets and their reinforcement in biopolymer scaffold. J Adv Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.009CrossRef

57.

Liu L, Shen LL, Zhou YX (2016) Improving the interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon/epoxy laminates by directly incorporating with porous carbon nanotube buckypaper. J Reinf Plast Compos 35(2):165–176. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684415610919CrossRef

58.

Eskizeybek V, Yar A, Avci A (2018) CNT-PAN hybrid nanofibrous mat interleaved carbon/epoxy laminates with improved Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness. Compos Sci Technol 157:30–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.01.021CrossRef

59.

Li T, Li M, Gu Y, Wang S, Li Q, Zhang Z (2018) Mechanical enhancement effect of the interlayer hybrid CNT film/carbon fiber/epoxy composite. Compos Sci Technol 166:176–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.02.007CrossRef

60.

Koirala P, van de Werken N, Lu HB, Baughman RH, Ovalle-Robles R, Tehrani M (2021) Using ultra-thin interlaminar carbon nanotube sheets to enhance the mechanical and electrical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. Compos Part B-Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108842CrossRef

61.

Yokozeki T, Iwahori Y, Ishiwata S, Enomoto K (2007) Mechanical properties of CFRP laminates manufactured from unidirectional prepregs using CSCNT-dispersed epoxy. Compos Part A-Appl S 38(10):2121–2130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.07.002CrossRef

62.

Garcia EJ, Wardle BL, John Hart A (2008) Joining prepreg composite interfaces with aligned carbon nanotubes. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 39(6):1065–1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.03.011CrossRef

63.

Chakraborty AK, Plyhm T, Barbezat M, Necola A, Terrasi GP (2011) Carbon nanotube (CNT)-epoxy nanocomposites: a systematic investigation of CNT dispersion. J Nanopart Res 13(12):6493–6506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0552-3CrossRef

64.

Zhu J, Kim JD, Peng HQ, Margrave JL, Khabashesku VN, Barrera EV (2003) Improving the dispersion and integration of single-walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy composites through functionalization. Nano Lett 3(8):1107–1113. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0342489CrossRef

65.

Reia da Costa EF, Skordos AA, Partridge IK, Rezai A (2012) RTM processing and electrical performance of carbon nanotube modified epoxy/fibre composites. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 43(4):593–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.12.019CrossRef

66.

Soni SK, Thomas B, Kar VR (2020) A comprehensive review on CNTs and CNT-reinforced composites: syntheses characteristics and applications. Mater Today Commun 25:101546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101546CrossRef

67.

Zhang DD, Saukas C, He YP, Wang RM, Taub AI (2020) Temperature dependence of single-walled carbon nanotube migration in epoxy resin under DC electric field. J Mater Sci 55(34):16220–16233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05150-zCrossRef

68.

Askari D, Ghasemi-Nejhad MN (2012) Effects of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on shear performance of laminated nanocomposite bonded joints. Sci Technol Adv Mater. https://doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/13/4/045002CrossRef

69.

Russello M, Diamanti EK, Catalanotti G, Ohlsson F, Hawkins SC, Falzon BG (2018) Enhancing the electrical conductivity of carbon fibre thin-ply laminates with directly grown aligned carbon nanotubes. Compos Struct 206:272–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.08.040CrossRef

70.

Xu XG, Zhou ZG (2017) Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fabric composite laminates with carbon nanotube oriented by magnet. In: Liu L, Yang C, Ke J (eds) Advances in materials, machinery, electronics I, vol 1820. AIP conference proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4977252

71.

He Y, Yang S, Liu H, Shao Q, Chen Q, Lu C, Jiang Y, Liu C, Guo Z (2018) Reinforced carbon fiber laminates with oriented carbon nanotube epoxy nanocomposites: magnetic field assisted alignment and cryogenic temperature mechanical properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 517:40–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.087CrossRef

72.

Aldajah S, Haik Y (2012) Transverse strength enhancement of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites by means of magnetically aligned carbon nanotubes. Mater Des 34:379–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.07.013CrossRef

73.

Tong Z, Lu HL, Guo FF, Lei WX, Dong MC, Dong GN (2021) Preparation of small CNTs@Fe(3)O(4)and alignment in carbon fabrics/epoxy composites to improve mechanical and tribological properties. J Mater Sci 56(2):1386–1400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04885-zCrossRef

74.

Wang MW, Hsu TC, Weng CH (2008) Alignment of MWCNTs in polymer composites by dielectrophoresis. Eur Phys J-Appl Phys 42(3):241–246. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap:2008069CrossRef

75.

Li Q, Church JS, Naebe M, Fox BL (2016) A systematic investigation into a novel method for preparing carbon fibre–carbon nanotube hybrid structures. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 90:174–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.05.004CrossRef

76.

Wroblewski G, Sloma M, Janczak D, Jakubowska M (2015) Influence of electric field on separation and orientation of carbon nanotubes in spray coated layers. Circuit World 41(3):107–111. https://doi.org/10.1108/cw-04-2015-0014CrossRef

77.

Sarath Kumar P, Jayanarayanan K, Balachandran M (2020) Thermal and mechanical behavior of functionalized MWCNT reinforced epoxy carbon fabric composites. Mater Today: Proc 24:1157–1166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.429CrossRef

78.

Chaudhry MS, Czekanski A, Zhu ZH (2017) Characterization of carbon nanotube enhanced interlaminar fracture toughness of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. Int J Mech Sci 131–132:480–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2017.06.016CrossRef

79.

Quan D, Urdániz JL, Ivanković A (2018) Enhancing mode-I and mode-II fracture toughness of epoxy and carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites using multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Mater Des 143:81–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.01.051CrossRef

80.

Zainol Abidin MS, Herceg T, Greenhalgh ES, Shaffer M, Bismarck A (2019) Enhanced fracture toughness of hierarchical carbon nanotube reinforced carbon fibre epoxy composites with engineered matrix microstructure. Compos Sci Technol 170:85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.11.017CrossRef

81.

Xiao C, Tan Y, Wang X, Gao L, Wang L, Qi Z (2018) Study on interfacial and mechanical improvement of carbon fiber/epoxy composites by depositing multi-walled carbon nanotubes on fibers. Chem Phys Lett 703:8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2018.05.012CrossRef

82.

Romhany G, Szebenyi G (2009) Interlaminar crack propagation in MWCNT/fiber reinforced hybrid composites. Expr Polym Lett 3(3):145–151. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2009.19CrossRef

83.

Zhang H, Liu Y, Kuwata M, Bilotti E, Peijs T (2015) Improved fracture toughness and integrated damage sensing capability by spray coated CNTs on carbon fibre prepreg. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 70:102–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.11.029CrossRef

84.

Karapappas P, Vavouliotis A, Tsotra P, Kostopoulos V, Paipetis A (2009) Enhanced fracture properties of carbon reinforced composites by the addition of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. J Compos Mater 43(9):977–985. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998308097735CrossRef

85.

Khan R (2019) Fiber bridging in composite laminates: a literature review. Compos Struct 229:111418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111418CrossRef

86.

Sorensen L, Botsis J, Gmür T, Cugnoni J (2007) Delamination detection and characterisation of bridging tractions using long FBG optical sensors. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 38(10):2087–2096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.07.009CrossRef

87.

Joshi S, Dikshit V (2012) Enhancing interlaminar fracture characteristics of woven CFRP prepreg composites through CNT dispersion. J Compos Mater: J Compos Mater 46:665–675. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998311410472CrossRef

88.

Feng P, Kong Y, Yu L, Li Y, Gao CD, Peng SP, Pan H, Zhao ZY, Shuai CJ (2019) Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets embedded with nanodiamond particles: co-dispersion nanostructures as reinforcements for polymer scaffolds. Appl Mater Today 17:216–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2019.08.005CrossRef

89.

Shuai C, Peng B, Liu M, Peng S, Feng P (2021) A self-assembled montmorillonite-carbon nanotube hybrid nanoreinforcement for poly-L-lactic acid bone scaffold. Mater Today Adv. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100158CrossRef

90.

Borowski E, Soliman E, Kandil UF, Taha MR (2015) Interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP laminates incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Polymers 7(6):1020–1045. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym7061020CrossRef

91.

Du X, Liu H-Y, Xu F, Zeng Y, Mai Y-W (2014) Flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes onto carbon fiber woven fabric and improvement of interlaminar toughness of composite laminates. Compos Sci Technol 101:159–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.07.011CrossRef

92.

Zheng N, Huang Y, Liu H-Y, Gao J, Mai Y-W (2017) Improvement of interlaminar fracture toughness in carbon fiber/epoxy composites with carbon nanotubes/polysulfone interleaves. Compos Sci Technol 140:8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.12.017CrossRef

93.

Chen JH, Schulz E, Bohse J, Hinrichsen G (1999) Effect of fibre content on the interlaminar fracture toughness of unidirectional glass-fibre/polyamide composite. Compos Part A-Appl Sci Manuf 30(6):747–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(98)00188-2CrossRef

94.

Eitan A, Fisher FT, Andrews R, Brinson LC, Schadler LS (2006) Reinforcement mechanisms in MWCNT-filled polycarbonate. Compos Sci Technol 66(9):1162–1173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.10.004CrossRef

95.

Chen C-H, Chang R-R, Jeng P-H (1995) On the fiber-bridging of cracks in fiber-reinforced composites. Mech Mater 20(2):165–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6636(94)00054-9CrossRef

96.

Davis DC, Whelan BD (2011) An experimental study of interlaminar shear fracture toughness of a nanotube reinforced composite. Compos B Eng 42(1):105–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2010.06.001CrossRef

97.

Godara A, Mezzo L, Luizi F, Warrier A, Lomov SV, van Vuure AW, Gorbatikh L, Moldenaers P, Verpoest I (2009) Influence of carbon nanotube reinforcement on the processing and the mechanical behaviour of carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Carbon 47(12):2914–2923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.06.039CrossRef

98.

Fan Z, Santare MH, Advani SG (2008) Interlaminar shear strength of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites enhanced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 39(3):540–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.11.013CrossRef

99.

Iqbal S, Khan R (2020) Effect of brushing & abrading of laminae on the mode I fracture toughness of glass fiber/epoxy composite. Constr Build Mater 261:120508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120508CrossRef

100.

Lv P, Feng Y-y, Zhang P, Chen H-m, Zhao N, Feng W (2011) Increasing the interfacial strength in carbon fiber/epoxy composites by controlling the orientation and length of carbon nanotubes grown on the fibers. Carbon 49(14):4665–4673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.064CrossRef

101.

Yao Z, Wang C, Lu R, Su S, Qin J, Wang Y, Ma Z, Wei H, Wang Q (2020) Fracture investigation of functionalized carbon nanotubes-grown carbon fiber fabrics/epoxy composites. Compos Sci Technol 195:108161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108161CrossRef

102.

Irshidat MR, Al-Saleh MH, Almashagbeh H (2016) Effect of carbon nanotubes on strengthening of RC beams retrofitted with carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Mater Des 89:225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.09.166CrossRef

103.

Shen J, Huang W, Wu L, Hu Y, Ye M (2007) The reinforcement role of different amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 67(15):3041–3050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.04.025CrossRef

104.

McIntosh D, Khabashesku VN, Barrera EV (2006) Nanocomposite fiber systems processed from fluorinated single-walled carbon nanotubes and a polypropylene matrix. Chem Mater 18(19):4561–4569. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm060513qCrossRef

105.

Roy S, Petrova RS, Mitra S (2018) Effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) functionalization in epoxy-CNT composites. Nanotechnol Rev 7(6):475–485. https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2018-0068CrossRef

106.

Kim M-G, Moon J-B, Kim C-G (2012) Effect of CNT functionalization on crack resistance of a carbon/epoxy composite at a cryogenic temperature. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 43(9):1620–1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.04.001CrossRef

107.

Zhang W, Deng X, Sui G, Yang X (2019) Improving interfacial and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-sized carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Carbon 145:629–639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.063CrossRef

108.

Chou TY, Tsai H-Y, Yip MC (2019) Preparation of CFRP with modified MWCNT to improve the mechanical properties and torsional fatigue of epoxy/polybenzoxazine copolymer. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 118:30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.11.026CrossRef

109.

Lee S-B, Choi O, Lee W, Yi J-W, Kim B-S, Byun J-H, Yoon M-K, Fong H, Thostenson ET, Chou T-W (2011) Processing and characterization of multi-scale hybrid composites reinforced with nanoscale carbon reinforcements and carbon fibers. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 42(4):337–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.10.016CrossRef

110.

Mujika F, Vargas G, Ibarretxe J, De Gracia J, Arrese A (2012) Influence of the modification with MWCNT on the interlaminar fracture properties of long carbon fiber composites. Compos B Eng 43(3):1336–1340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.11.020CrossRef

111.

Song Y, Zheng N, Dong XL, Gao JF (2020) Flexible carboxylated CNT/PA66 nanofibrous mat interleaved carbon fiber/epoxy laminates with improved interlaminar fracture toughness and flexural properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 59(3):1151–1158. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05854CrossRef

112.

Fiedler B, Gojny FH, Wichmann MHG, Nolte MCM, Schulte K (2006) Fundamental aspects of nano-reinforced composites. Compos Sci Technol 66(16):3115–3125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.01.014CrossRef

113.

Gojny FH, Wichmann MHG, Köpke U, Fiedler B, Schulte K (2004) Carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy-composites: enhanced stiffness and fracture toughness at low nanotube content. Compos Sci Technol 64(15):2363–2371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.04.002CrossRef

114.

Zhou HW, Mishnaevsky L, Yi HY, Liu YQ, Hu X, Warrier A, Dai GM (2016) Carbon fiber/carbon nanotube reinforced hierarchical composites: effect of CNT distribution on shearing strength. Compos B Eng 88:201–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.10.035CrossRef

115.

Khan S, Singh Bedi H, Agnihotri PK (2018) Augmenting mode-II fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites through carbon nanotube grafting. Eng Fract Mech 204:211–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2018.10.014CrossRef

116.

Ashrafi B, Guan J, Mirjalili V, Zhang Y, Chun L, Hubert P, Simard B, Kingston CT, Bourne O, Johnston A (2011) Enhancement of mechanical performance of epoxy/carbon fiber laminate composites using single-walled carbon nanotubes. Compos Sci Technol 71(13):1569–1578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.06.015CrossRef

117.

Liu B, Cao S, Gao N, Cheng L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Feng D (2019) Thermosetting CFRP interlaminar toughening with multi-layers graphene and MWCNTs under mode I fracture. Compos Sci Technol 183:107829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107829CrossRef

118.

Thakre PR, Lagoudas DC, Zhu J, Barrera EV, Gates TS (2006) Processing and characterization of Epoxy/SWCNT/Woven fabric composites. In: 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC structures, structural dynamics, and materials conference

119.

Abidin MSZ, Herceg T, Greenhalgh ES, Shaffer M, Bismarck A (2019) Enhanced fracture toughness of hierarchical carbon nanotube reinforced carbon fibre epoxy composites with engineered matrix microstructure. Compos Sci Technol 170:85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.11.017CrossRef

120.

Falzon BG, Hawkins SC, Huynh CP, Radjef R, Brown C (2013) An investigation of Mode I and Mode II fracture toughness enhancement using aligned carbon nanotubes forests at the crack interface. Compos Struct 106:65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.05.051CrossRef

Title: Effects of carbon nanotubes on the interlaminar shear strength and fracture toughness of carbon fiber composite laminates: a review
Authors: Ce Zhang
Guoli Zhang
XiaoPing Shi
Xi Wang
Publication date: 03-01-2022
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Materials Science / Issue 4/2022
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06734-z

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 4/2022

Preparation of turmeric-derived sulfur-functionalized carbon dots: antibacterial and antioxidant activity

Strategies for area-selective deposition of metal nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes and their applications: a review

Humidity-resistant, durable, wearable single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator for mechanical energy harvesting

Epoxy/iron alginate composites with improved fire resistance, smoke suppression and mechanical properties

Microstructure evolution and dynamic recrystallization mechanism during thermal deformation of GH4698 superalloy

On the modeling of the multi-segment capacitance: a fractional-order model and Ag-doped SnO2 electrode fabrication

Premium Partners