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Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering

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04-01-2023 | Research Article-chemistry

Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth of Copper–Tin Alloys from Ammonia-Free Citrate-Based Electrolyte

Authors: Meriem Hamla, Sabrine Derbal, Oualid Dilmi, Mahdi Allam, Mohamed Benaicha

Published in: Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering | Issue 6/2023

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Abstract

The cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry methods are used in the present work for the purpose of investigating the electrodeposition mechanism of Cu–Sn alloys onto Pt and Mo substrates from a slightly acidic aqueous electrolyte (pH ≈ 4.2) containing CuCl₂ and SnCl₂ as metal sources, and tri-sodium citrate as a complexing agent. The structural properties of the deposits were characterized by means of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, whereas the surface morphology and composition were examined using the field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The resulting crystalline films were mainly composed of Cu, Sn, and intermetallic Cu₆Sn₅ phases with spherical grains, at the early stages of nucleation, and a mixture of spherical grains and dendrites with hierarchical secondary branches after long electrolysis duration. The analysis of potentiostatic current transients, using the Scharifker–Hills model, showed that the electroplating of Cu–Sn alloy followed the instantaneous nucleation mode on platinum substrate and the progressive nucleation mode on the molybdenum substrate.

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Title: Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth of Copper–Tin Alloys from Ammonia-Free Citrate-Based Electrolyte
Authors: Meriem Hamla
Sabrine Derbal
Oualid Dilmi
Mahdi Allam
Mohamed Benaicha
Publication date: 04-01-2023
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering / Issue 6/2023
Print ISSN: 2193-567X
Electronic ISSN: 2191-4281
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07592-w

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