Skip to main content
Top

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

28. Emerging PON Technologies

Authors : Josep Prat, Luca Valcarenghi

Published in: Springer Handbook of Optical Networks

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Zusammenfassung

This chapter focuses on recent advances in optical access networks, which are also commonly termed (fiber-to-the-home) or (passive optical networks). The last decade has seen dramatic growth in these networks; they have gone from being almost nonexistent to being a worldwide presence, providing true broadband Internet connections to end users. In recent years, research and development efforts have been directed into enhancing fiber resources and increasing the number of users and the aggregate capacities of PONs. This chapter is divided into two parts. The first (Sects. 28.128.3) discusses the second generation of PONs (NG-PON2), which improve upon the first generation by enabling increased bit rates and including a WDM overlay. The second part (Sects. 28.428.6) explores proposed longer-term approaches (a future third generation of PONs) with higher scalability and flexibility that have undergone proof-of-concept testing.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference ITU-T Rec. G.989.1: 40 Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (NG-PON2): General requirements (ITU-T, Geneva 2013) ITU-T Rec. G.989.1: 40 Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (NG-PON2): General requirements (ITU-T, Geneva 2013)
go back to reference Y. Luo, X. Zhou, F. Effenberger, X. Yan, G. Peng, Y. Qian, Y. Ma: Time- and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) for next-generation PON stage 2 (NG-PON2), J. Lightwave Technol. 31(4), 587–593 (2013)CrossRef Y. Luo, X. Zhou, F. Effenberger, X. Yan, G. Peng, Y. Qian, Y. Ma: Time- and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) for next-generation PON stage 2 (NG-PON2), J. Lightwave Technol. 31(4), 587–593 (2013)CrossRef
go back to reference D. Nesset: NG-PON2 technology and standards, J. Lightwave Technol. 33(5), 1136–1143 (2015)CrossRef D. Nesset: NG-PON2 technology and standards, J. Lightwave Technol. 33(5), 1136–1143 (2015)CrossRef
go back to reference Y. Luo, H. Roberts, K. Grobe, M. Valvo, D. Nesset, K. Asaka, H. Rohde, J. Smith, J.S. Wey, F. Effenberger: Physical layer aspects of NG-PON2 standards – Part 2: System design and technology feasibility, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8(1), 43–52 (2016)CrossRef Y. Luo, H. Roberts, K. Grobe, M. Valvo, D. Nesset, K. Asaka, H. Rohde, J. Smith, J.S. Wey, F. Effenberger: Physical layer aspects of NG-PON2 standards – Part 2: System design and technology feasibility, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8(1), 43–52 (2016)CrossRef
go back to reference ITU-T Rec. G.989.2: 40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks 2 (NG-PON2): Physical media dependent (PMD) layer specification (ITU-T, Geneva 2014) ITU-T Rec. G.989.2: 40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks 2 (NG-PON2): Physical media dependent (PMD) layer specification (ITU-T, Geneva 2014)
go back to reference ITU-T Rec. G.989.3: 40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (NG-PON2): Transmission convergence layer specification (ITU-T, Geneva 2015) ITU-T Rec. G.989.3: 40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (NG-PON2): Transmission convergence layer specification (ITU-T, Geneva 2015)
go back to reference J.S. Wey, D. Nesset, M. Valvo, K. Grobe, H. Roberts, Y. Luo, J. Smith: Physical layer aspects of NG-PON2 standards – Part 1: Optical link design, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8(1), 33–42 (2016)CrossRef J.S. Wey, D. Nesset, M. Valvo, K. Grobe, H. Roberts, Y. Luo, J. Smith: Physical layer aspects of NG-PON2 standards – Part 1: Optical link design, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8(1), 33–42 (2016)CrossRef
go back to reference K. Asaka: Consideration of tunable components for next-generation passive optical network stage 2, J. Lightwave Technol. 33(5), 1072–1076 (2015)CrossRef K. Asaka: Consideration of tunable components for next-generation passive optical network stage 2, J. Lightwave Technol. 33(5), 1072–1076 (2015)CrossRef
go back to reference Y. Rao: InP-based long wavelength VCSEL using high contrast grating, Ph.D. Thesis (University of California, Berkeley 2012) Y. Rao: InP-based long wavelength VCSEL using high contrast grating, Ph.D. Thesis (University of California, Berkeley 2012)
go back to reference D.A. Khotimsky: NG-PON2 transmission convergence layer: A tutorial, J. Lightwave Technol. 34(5), 1424–1432 (2016)CrossRef D.A. Khotimsky: NG-PON2 transmission convergence layer: A tutorial, J. Lightwave Technol. 34(5), 1424–1432 (2016)CrossRef
go back to reference ITU-T Rec. G.987.3: 10-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (XG-PON): Transmission convergence (TC) layer specification (ITU-T, Geneva 2014) ITU-T Rec. G.987.3: 10-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (XG-PON): Transmission convergence (TC) layer specification (ITU-T, Geneva 2014)
go back to reference J. Kani: Power saving techniques and mechanisms for optical access networks systems, J. Lightwave Technol. 31(4), 563–570 (2013)CrossRef J. Kani: Power saving techniques and mechanisms for optical access networks systems, J. Lightwave Technol. 31(4), 563–570 (2013)CrossRef
go back to reference M.P.I. Dias, D.P. Van, L. Valcarenghi, E. Wong: Energy-efficient framework for time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM-PONs), J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(6), 496–504 (2015)CrossRef M.P.I. Dias, D.P. Van, L. Valcarenghi, E. Wong: Energy-efficient framework for time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM-PONs), J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(6), 496–504 (2015)CrossRef
go back to reference L. Valcarenghi: Energy efficient optical access netwoks and subsystems. In: OptoElectron. Commun. Conf./Austral. Conf. Opt. Fibre Technol. (OECC/ACOFT) (2014) pp. 1004–1006 L. Valcarenghi: Energy efficient optical access netwoks and subsystems. In: OptoElectron. Commun. Conf./Austral. Conf. Opt. Fibre Technol. (OECC/ACOFT) (2014) pp. 1004–1006
go back to reference A. Dixit, B. Lannoo, G. Das, D. Colle, M. Pickavet, P. Demeester: Flexible TDMA/WDMA passive optical network: Energy efficient next-generation optical access solution, Opt. Switch. Netw. 10(4), 491–506 (2013)CrossRef A. Dixit, B. Lannoo, G. Das, D. Colle, M. Pickavet, P. Demeester: Flexible TDMA/WDMA passive optical network: Energy efficient next-generation optical access solution, Opt. Switch. Netw. 10(4), 491–506 (2013)CrossRef
go back to reference K. Kondepu, L. Valcarenghi, P. Castoldi: Reconfiguration triggering optimization in TWDM PONs with fluctuating load. In: Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. Exhib. (OFC) (2016) K. Kondepu, L. Valcarenghi, P. Castoldi: Reconfiguration triggering optimization in TWDM PONs with fluctuating load. In: Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. Exhib. (OFC) (2016)
go back to reference M. McGarry, M. Reisslein, M. Maier: WDM ethernet passive optical networks, IEEE Commun. Mag. 44, 15–22 (2006)CrossRef M. McGarry, M. Reisslein, M. Maier: WDM ethernet passive optical networks, IEEE Commun. Mag. 44, 15–22 (2006)CrossRef
go back to reference K. Kondepu, L. Valcarenghi, D.P. Van, P. Castoldi: Trading energy savings and network performance in reconfigurable TWDM-PONs, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(5), 470–471 (2015)CrossRef K. Kondepu, L. Valcarenghi, D.P. Van, P. Castoldi: Trading energy savings and network performance in reconfigurable TWDM-PONs, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(5), 470–471 (2015)CrossRef
go back to reference S. Pachnicke, J. Zhu, M. Lawin, M.H. Eiselt, S. Mayne, B. Quemeneur, D. Sayles, H. Schwuchow, A. Wonfor, P. Marx, M. Fellhofer, P. Neuber, M. Dietrich, M.J. Wale, R.V. Penty, I.H. White, J.-P. Elbers: Tunable WDM-PON system with centralized wavelength control, J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 812–818 (2016)CrossRef S. Pachnicke, J. Zhu, M. Lawin, M.H. Eiselt, S. Mayne, B. Quemeneur, D. Sayles, H. Schwuchow, A. Wonfor, P. Marx, M. Fellhofer, P. Neuber, M. Dietrich, M.J. Wale, R.V. Penty, I.H. White, J.-P. Elbers: Tunable WDM-PON system with centralized wavelength control, J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 812–818 (2016)CrossRef
go back to reference J. Zhu, A. Wonfor, S.H. Lee, S. Pachnicke, M. Lawin, R.V. Penty, J.-P. Elbers, R. Cush, M.J. Wale, I.H. White: Athermal colourless C-band optical transmitter system for passive optical networks, J. Lightwave Technol. 32(22), 3651–3658 (2014)CrossRef J. Zhu, A. Wonfor, S.H. Lee, S. Pachnicke, M. Lawin, R.V. Penty, J.-P. Elbers, R. Cush, M.J. Wale, I.H. White: Athermal colourless C-band optical transmitter system for passive optical networks, J. Lightwave Technol. 32(22), 3651–3658 (2014)CrossRef
go back to reference E. Wong: Next-generation broadband access networks and technologies, J. Lightwave Technol. 30(4), 597–608 (2012)CrossRef E. Wong: Next-generation broadband access networks and technologies, J. Lightwave Technol. 30(4), 597–608 (2012)CrossRef
go back to reference R. Giddings, X.Q. Jin, E. Hugues-Salas, E. Giacoumidis, J.L. Wei, J.M. Tang: Experimental demonstration of a record high 11.25 Gb/s real-time optical OFDM transceiver supporting 25 km SMF end-to-end transmission in simple IMDD systems, Opt. Express 18(6), 5541–5555 (2010)CrossRef R. Giddings, X.Q. Jin, E. Hugues-Salas, E. Giacoumidis, J.L. Wei, J.M. Tang: Experimental demonstration of a record high 11.25 Gb/s real-time optical OFDM transceiver supporting 25 km SMF end-to-end transmission in simple IMDD systems, Opt. Express 18(6), 5541–5555 (2010)CrossRef
go back to reference N. Cvijetic, M.F. Huang, E. Ip, Y.K. Huang, D. Qian, T. Wang: 1.2 Tb/s symmetric WDM-OFDMA-PON over 90 km straight SSMF and 1:32 passive split with digitally-selective ONUs and coherent receiver OLT. In: Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf./Nat. Fiber Optic Eng. Conf. (OFC/NFOEC) (2011), https://doi.org/10.1364/NFOEC.2011.PDPD7CrossRef N. Cvijetic, M.F. Huang, E. Ip, Y.K. Huang, D. Qian, T. Wang: 1.2 Tb/s symmetric WDM-OFDMA-PON over 90 km straight SSMF and 1:32 passive split with digitally-selective ONUs and coherent receiver OLT. In: Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf./Nat. Fiber Optic Eng. Conf. (OFC/NFOEC) (2011), https://​doi.​org/​10.​1364/​NFOEC.​2011.​PDPD7CrossRef
go back to reference European 7th framework programme project ACCORDANCE, 2011–2014. A converged copper-optical-radio OFDMA-based access network with high capacity and flexibility (ACCORDANCE, ICT-248654) European 7th framework programme project ACCORDANCE, 2011–2014. A converged copper-optical-radio OFDMA-based access network with high capacity and flexibility (ACCORDANCE, ICT-248654)
go back to reference K. Kanonakis, I. Tomkos, H.-G. Krimmel, F. Schaich, C. Lange, E. Weis, M. Dreschmann, R. Schmogrow, P. Kourtessis, M. Milosavljevic, I. Cano, J. Prat, J.A. Torrijos Gijón: Results from the EU project ACCORDANCE on converged OFDMA-PON networks. In: 15th Int. Conf. Transpar. Opt. Netw. (ICTON) (2013), https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602855CrossRef K. Kanonakis, I. Tomkos, H.-G. Krimmel, F. Schaich, C. Lange, E. Weis, M. Dreschmann, R. Schmogrow, P. Kourtessis, M. Milosavljevic, I. Cano, J. Prat, J.A. Torrijos Gijón: Results from the EU project ACCORDANCE on converged OFDMA-PON networks. In: 15th Int. Conf. Transpar. Opt. Netw. (ICTON) (2013), https://​doi.​org/​10.​1109/​ICTON.​2013.​6602855CrossRef
go back to reference R. Schmogrow, M. Winter, B. Nebendahl, D. Hillerkuss, J. Meyer, M. Dreschmann, M. Huebner, J. Becker, C. Koos, W. Freude, J. Leuthold: 101.5 Gbit/s real-time OFDM transmitter with 16QAM modulated subcarriers. In: Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf./Nat. Fiber Optic Eng. Conf. (OFC/NFOEC) (2011), https://doi.org/10.1364/OFC.2011.OWE5CrossRef R. Schmogrow, M. Winter, B. Nebendahl, D. Hillerkuss, J. Meyer, M. Dreschmann, M. Huebner, J. Becker, C. Koos, W. Freude, J. Leuthold: 101.5 Gbit/s real-time OFDM transmitter with 16QAM modulated subcarriers. In: Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf./Nat. Fiber Optic Eng. Conf. (OFC/NFOEC) (2011), https://​doi.​org/​10.​1364/​OFC.​2011.​OWE5CrossRef
go back to reference P.C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, M. Dreschmann, J. Meyer, I. Tomkos, J. Prat, H.-G. Krimmel, T. Pfeiffer, P. Kourtessis, A. Ludwig, D. Karnick, D. Hillerkuss, J. Becker, C. Koos, W. Freude, J. Leuthold: Colorless FDMA-PON with flexible bandwidth allocation and colorless, low-speed ONUs, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 5(10), A204–A212 (2013)CrossRef P.C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, M. Dreschmann, J. Meyer, I. Tomkos, J. Prat, H.-G. Krimmel, T. Pfeiffer, P. Kourtessis, A. Ludwig, D. Karnick, D. Hillerkuss, J. Becker, C. Koos, W. Freude, J. Leuthold: Colorless FDMA-PON with flexible bandwidth allocation and colorless, low-speed ONUs, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 5(10), A204–A212 (2013)CrossRef
go back to reference I. Cano, M.C. Santos, V. Polo, J. Prat: Dimensioning of OFDMA PON with non-preselected independent ONUs sources and wavelength-control, Opt. Express 20, 607–613 (2012)CrossRef I. Cano, M.C. Santos, V. Polo, J. Prat: Dimensioning of OFDMA PON with non-preselected independent ONUs sources and wavelength-control, Opt. Express 20, 607–613 (2012)CrossRef
go back to reference N. Cheng, G. Wei, F. Effenberger: Dynamic spectrum managed passive optical network, IEEE Commun. Mag. 49, 86–93 (2011)CrossRef N. Cheng, G. Wei, F. Effenberger: Dynamic spectrum managed passive optical network, IEEE Commun. Mag. 49, 86–93 (2011)CrossRef
go back to reference P. Chanclou, A. Cui, F. Geilhardt, H. Nakamura, D. Nesset: Network operator requirements for the next generation of optical access networks, IEEE Network 26, 8–14 (2012)CrossRef P. Chanclou, A. Cui, F. Geilhardt, H. Nakamura, D. Nesset: Network operator requirements for the next generation of optical access networks, IEEE Network 26, 8–14 (2012)CrossRef
go back to reference I.N. Cano, X. Escayola, P.C. Schindler, M.C. Santos, V. Polo, J. Leuthold, I. Tomkos, J. Prat: Experimental demonstration of a statistical OFDM-PON with multiband ONUs and elastic bandwidth allocation, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(1), A73–A79 (2015)CrossRef I.N. Cano, X. Escayola, P.C. Schindler, M.C. Santos, V. Polo, J. Leuthold, I. Tomkos, J. Prat: Experimental demonstration of a statistical OFDM-PON with multiband ONUs and elastic bandwidth allocation, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(1), A73–A79 (2015)CrossRef
go back to reference A. Agmon, M. Nazarathy, D.M. Marom, S. Ben-Ezra, A. Tolmachev, R. Killey, P. Bayvel, L. Meder, M. Hübner, W. Mer: OFDM/WDM PON with laserless, colorless 1 Gb/s ONUs based on Si-PIC and slow IC, J. Opt. Commun. 6(3), 225–237 (2014)CrossRef A. Agmon, M. Nazarathy, D.M. Marom, S. Ben-Ezra, A. Tolmachev, R. Killey, P. Bayvel, L. Meder, M. Hübner, W. Mer: OFDM/WDM PON with laserless, colorless 1 Gb/s ONUs based on Si-PIC and slow IC, J. Opt. Commun. 6(3), 225–237 (2014)CrossRef
go back to reference M.S. Erkilinc, D. Lavery, K. Shi, B.C. Thomsen, P. Bayvel, R.I. Killey, S.J. Savory: Bidirectional symmetric 8x10.7 Gb/s WDM-PON over 108 km installed fiber using low complexity polarization-insensitive coherent ONUs. In: 42th Eur. Conf. Exhib. Opt. Commun. (ECOC) (2016), Paper M1.E.1 M.S. Erkilinc, D. Lavery, K. Shi, B.C. Thomsen, P. Bayvel, R.I. Killey, S.J. Savory: Bidirectional symmetric 8x10.7 Gb/s WDM-PON over 108 km installed fiber using low complexity polarization-insensitive coherent ONUs. In: 42th Eur. Conf. Exhib. Opt. Commun. (ECOC) (2016), Paper M1.E.1
go back to reference P. Boffi, P. Martelli, P. Parolari, L. Blundetto, J. Morosi, G. Cincotti: Demonstration and performance investigation of hybrid all-optical OFDM systems for optical access network applications, IEEE Photonics J. 7(1), 7900309 (2015)CrossRef P. Boffi, P. Martelli, P. Parolari, L. Blundetto, J. Morosi, G. Cincotti: Demonstration and performance investigation of hybrid all-optical OFDM systems for optical access network applications, IEEE Photonics J. 7(1), 7900309 (2015)CrossRef
go back to reference Z. Dong, X. Li, J. Yu, Z. Cao, N. Chi: 8 × 9.95-Gb/s ultra-dense WDM-PON on a 12.5-GHz grid with digital pre-equalization, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(2), 194–197 (2013)CrossRef Z. Dong, X. Li, J. Yu, Z. Cao, N. Chi: 8 × 9.95-Gb/s ultra-dense WDM-PON on a 12.5-GHz grid with digital pre-equalization, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(2), 194–197 (2013)CrossRef
go back to reference H.K. Shim, H. Mu, U.H. Hong, Y.C. Chung: A practical 10-Gb/s ultra-dense WDM PON. In: OptoElectron. Commun. Conf./Aust. Conf. Opt. Fibre Technol. (OECC/ACOFT) (2014) H.K. Shim, H. Mu, U.H. Hong, Y.C. Chung: A practical 10-Gb/s ultra-dense WDM PON. In: OptoElectron. Commun. Conf./Aust. Conf. Opt. Fibre Technol. (OECC/ACOFT) (2014)
go back to reference L.G. Kazovsky: Decision-driven phase-locked loop for optical homodyne receivers, J. Lightwave Technol. 3(6), 1238–1247 (1985)CrossRef L.G. Kazovsky: Decision-driven phase-locked loop for optical homodyne receivers, J. Lightwave Technol. 3(6), 1238–1247 (1985)CrossRef
go back to reference S. Norimatsu, K. Iwashita, K. Sato: PSK optical homodyne detection using external cavity laser diodes in costas loop, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2(5), 374–376 (1990)CrossRef S. Norimatsu, K. Iwashita, K. Sato: PSK optical homodyne detection using external cavity laser diodes in costas loop, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2(5), 374–376 (1990)CrossRef
go back to reference L.G. Kazovsky: Balanced phase-locked loops for optical homodyne receivers, J. Lightwave Technol. 4(2), 182–195 (1986)CrossRef L.G. Kazovsky: Balanced phase-locked loops for optical homodyne receivers, J. Lightwave Technol. 4(2), 182–195 (1986)CrossRef
go back to reference S. Norimatsu, K. Iwashita: PLL propagation delay-time influence on linewidth requirements of optical PSK homodyne detection, J. Lightwave Technol. 9(10), 1367–1375 (1991)CrossRef S. Norimatsu, K. Iwashita: PLL propagation delay-time influence on linewidth requirements of optical PSK homodyne detection, J. Lightwave Technol. 9(10), 1367–1375 (1991)CrossRef
go back to reference M.G. Taylor: Phase estimation methods for optical coherent detection using digital signal processing, J. Lightwave Technol. 27, 901–913 (2009)CrossRef M.G. Taylor: Phase estimation methods for optical coherent detection using digital signal processing, J. Lightwave Technol. 27, 901–913 (2009)CrossRef
go back to reference R. Noe: Phase noise-tolerant synchronous QPSK/BPSK baseband-type intradyne receiver concept with feedforward carrier recovery, J. Lightwave Technol. 23(2), 802–808 (2005)CrossRef R. Noe: Phase noise-tolerant synchronous QPSK/BPSK baseband-type intradyne receiver concept with feedforward carrier recovery, J. Lightwave Technol. 23(2), 802–808 (2005)CrossRef
go back to reference D. Borne, C.R.S. Fludger, T. Duthel, T. Wuth, E.-D. Schmidt, C. Schulien, E. Gottwald, G.D. Khoe, H. Waardt: Carrier phase estimation for coherent equalization of 43-Gb/s POLMUXNRZ-DQPSK transmission with 10.7-Gb/s NRZ neighbours. In: 33th Eur. Conf. Exhib. Opt. Commun. (ECOC) (2007), https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:20070258CrossRef D. Borne, C.R.S. Fludger, T. Duthel, T. Wuth, E.-D. Schmidt, C. Schulien, E. Gottwald, G.D. Khoe, H. Waardt: Carrier phase estimation for coherent equalization of 43-Gb/s POLMUXNRZ-DQPSK transmission with 10.7-Gb/s NRZ neighbours. In: 33th Eur. Conf. Exhib. Opt. Commun. (ECOC) (2007), https://​doi.​org/​10.​1049/​ic:​20070258CrossRef
go back to reference J.M. Fabrega, J. Prat: Fuzzy logic data estimation based PSK receiver with time-switched phase diversity, Electron. Lett. 42(16), 940–941 (2006)CrossRef J.M. Fabrega, J. Prat: Fuzzy logic data estimation based PSK receiver with time-switched phase diversity, Electron. Lett. 42(16), 940–941 (2006)CrossRef
go back to reference N. Keil, H. Yao, C. Zawadzki, W. Döldissen, W. Schlaak, M. Möhrle, D. Schmidt: Polymer as integration platform for low-cost devices in future optical networks. In: 11th Eur. Conf. Netw. Opt. Commun. (NOC) (2006) N. Keil, H. Yao, C. Zawadzki, W. Döldissen, W. Schlaak, M. Möhrle, D. Schmidt: Polymer as integration platform for low-cost devices in future optical networks. In: 11th Eur. Conf. Netw. Opt. Commun. (NOC) (2006)
go back to reference J.M. Fabrega, J. Prat: Homodyne receiver prototype with time-switching phase diversity and feedforward analog processing, Opt. Lett. 32(5), 463–465 (2007)CrossRef J.M. Fabrega, J. Prat: Homodyne receiver prototype with time-switching phase diversity and feedforward analog processing, Opt. Lett. 32(5), 463–465 (2007)CrossRef
go back to reference R. Noe, H.J. Rodler, A. Ebberg, G. Gaukel, B. Noll, J. Wittmann, F. Auracher: Comparison of polarization handling methods in coherent optical systems, J. Lightwave Technol. 9(10), 1353–1366 (1991)CrossRef R. Noe, H.J. Rodler, A. Ebberg, G. Gaukel, B. Noll, J. Wittmann, F. Auracher: Comparison of polarization handling methods in coherent optical systems, J. Lightwave Technol. 9(10), 1353–1366 (1991)CrossRef
go back to reference M.O. van Deventer: Fundamentals of Bidirectional Transmission over a Single Optical Fibre (Kluwer, Dordrecht 1996)CrossRef M.O. van Deventer: Fundamentals of Bidirectional Transmission over a Single Optical Fibre (Kluwer, Dordrecht 1996)CrossRef
go back to reference M. Omella, J. Lazaro, V. Polo, J. Prat: Driving requirements for wavelength shifting in colorless onu with dual-arm modulator, J. Lightwave Technol. 27(17), 3912–3918 (2009)CrossRef M. Omella, J. Lazaro, V. Polo, J. Prat: Driving requirements for wavelength shifting in colorless onu with dual-arm modulator, J. Lightwave Technol. 27(17), 3912–3918 (2009)CrossRef
go back to reference J. Prat, I. Cano, M. Presi, I. Tomkos, D. Klonidis, G. Vall-llosera, R. Brenot, R. Pous, G. Papastergiou, A. Rafel, E. Ciaramella: Technologies for cost effective udWDM-PONs, J. Lightwave Technol. 34, 783 (2016)CrossRef J. Prat, I. Cano, M. Presi, I. Tomkos, D. Klonidis, G. Vall-llosera, R. Brenot, R. Pous, G. Papastergiou, A. Rafel, E. Ciaramella: Technologies for cost effective udWDM-PONs, J. Lightwave Technol. 34, 783 (2016)CrossRef
go back to reference D. Piehler: PICs in PONs. In: Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf./Nat. Fiber Opt. Eng. Conf. (OFC/NFOEC) (2012), Paper NTu1J.6 D. Piehler: PICs in PONs. In: Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf./Nat. Fiber Opt. Eng. Conf. (OFC/NFOEC) (2012), Paper NTu1J.6
go back to reference V. Sales, J. Segarra, V. Polo, J. Prat: Statistical UDWDM-PONs operating with ONU lasers under limited tunability, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(3), 257–260 (2015)CrossRef V. Sales, J. Segarra, V. Polo, J. Prat: Statistical UDWDM-PONs operating with ONU lasers under limited tunability, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(3), 257–260 (2015)CrossRef
go back to reference V. Sales, J. Segarra, V. Polo, J.C. Velásquez, J. Prat: UDWDM-PON using low-cost coherent transceivers with limited tunability and heuristic DWA, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8(8), 582–599 (2016)CrossRef V. Sales, J. Segarra, V. Polo, J.C. Velásquez, J. Prat: UDWDM-PON using low-cost coherent transceivers with limited tunability and heuristic DWA, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8(8), 582–599 (2016)CrossRef
go back to reference G.P. Agrawal, N.K. Dutta: Long-Wavelength Semiconductor Lasers (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1993) G.P. Agrawal, N.K. Dutta: Long-Wavelength Semiconductor Lasers (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1993)
go back to reference I. Cano, A. Lerín, V. Polo, J. Prat: Direct phase modulation DFBs for cost-effective ONU transmitter in udWDM PONs, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26(10), 973–975 (2014)CrossRef I. Cano, A. Lerín, V. Polo, J. Prat: Direct phase modulation DFBs for cost-effective ONU transmitter in udWDM PONs, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26(10), 973–975 (2014)CrossRef
go back to reference I. Cano, A. Lerín, J. Prat: DQPSK directly phase modulated DFB for flexible coherent udWDM-PONs, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(1), 35–38 (2016)CrossRef I. Cano, A. Lerín, J. Prat: DQPSK directly phase modulated DFB for flexible coherent udWDM-PONs, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(1), 35–38 (2016)CrossRef
go back to reference E. Ciaramella: Polarization-independent receivers for low-cost coherent OOK systems, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26(6), 548–551 (2014)CrossRef E. Ciaramella: Polarization-independent receivers for low-cost coherent OOK systems, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26(6), 548–551 (2014)CrossRef
go back to reference G.Y. Chu, I. Cano, V. Polo, C. Kazmierski, R. Brenot, J. Prat: Monolithically integrated dual-output DEML for full duplex DPSK-ASK and DPSK-SSB ONU in ultra-dense channel spaced access network, J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 2042–2048 (2016)CrossRef G.Y. Chu, I. Cano, V. Polo, C. Kazmierski, R. Brenot, J. Prat: Monolithically integrated dual-output DEML for full duplex DPSK-ASK and DPSK-SSB ONU in ultra-dense channel spaced access network, J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 2042–2048 (2016)CrossRef
go back to reference J. Tabares, V. Polo, I. Cano, J. Prat: Automatic \({\uplambda}\)-control with offset compensation in DFB intradyne receiver for udWDM-PON, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(4), 443–446 (2015)CrossRef J. Tabares, V. Polo, I. Cano, J. Prat: Automatic \({\uplambda}\)-control with offset compensation in DFB intradyne receiver for udWDM-PON, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(4), 443–446 (2015)CrossRef
go back to reference J. Tabares, S. Ghasemi, V. Polo, J. Prat: Simplified carrier recovery for intradyne optical PSK receivers in udWDM-PON, J. Lightwave Technol. 36(14), 2941–2947 (2018)CrossRef J. Tabares, S. Ghasemi, V. Polo, J. Prat: Simplified carrier recovery for intradyne optical PSK receivers in udWDM-PON, J. Lightwave Technol. 36(14), 2941–2947 (2018)CrossRef
go back to reference J. Prat, V. Polo, P. Zakynthinos, I. Cano, J.A. Tabares, J.M. Fabrega, D. Klonidis, I. Tomkos: Simple intradyne PSK system for UDWDM-PON, Opt. Express 20(27), 28758–28763 (2012)CrossRef J. Prat, V. Polo, P. Zakynthinos, I. Cano, J.A. Tabares, J.M. Fabrega, D. Klonidis, I. Tomkos: Simple intradyne PSK system for UDWDM-PON, Opt. Express 20(27), 28758–28763 (2012)CrossRef
go back to reference M. Presi, M. Artiglia, F. Bottoni, M. Ranello, I.N. Cano, J. Tabares, J.C. Velásquez, S. Ghasemi, V. Polo, G.Y. Chu, J. Prat, G. Azcarate, R. Pous, C. Vilá, H. Debregeas, A. Rafel, E. Ciaramella: Field-trial of a high-budget, filterless, \({\uplambda}\)-to-the-user, UDWDM-PON enabled by an innovative class of low-cost coherent transceivers, J. Lightwave Technol. 35(23), 5250–5259 (2017)CrossRef M. Presi, M. Artiglia, F. Bottoni, M. Ranello, I.N. Cano, J. Tabares, J.C. Velásquez, S. Ghasemi, V. Polo, G.Y. Chu, J. Prat, G. Azcarate, R. Pous, C. Vilá, H. Debregeas, A. Rafel, E. Ciaramella: Field-trial of a high-budget, filterless, \({\uplambda}\)-to-the-user, UDWDM-PON enabled by an innovative class of low-cost coherent transceivers, J. Lightwave Technol. 35(23), 5250–5259 (2017)CrossRef
go back to reference H. Rohde, E. Gottwald, A. Teixeira, J. Dias Reis, A. Shahpari, K. Pulverer, J.S. Wey: Coherent ultra dense WDM technology for next generation optical metro and access networks, J. Lightwave Technol. 32(10), 2041–2052 (2014)CrossRef H. Rohde, E. Gottwald, A. Teixeira, J. Dias Reis, A. Shahpari, K. Pulverer, J.S. Wey: Coherent ultra dense WDM technology for next generation optical metro and access networks, J. Lightwave Technol. 32(10), 2041–2052 (2014)CrossRef
go back to reference D. Lavery, B.C. Thomsen, P. Bayvel, S.J. Savory: Reduced complexity equalization for coherent long-reach passive optical networks, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(1), A16–A27 (2015)CrossRef D. Lavery, B.C. Thomsen, P. Bayvel, S.J. Savory: Reduced complexity equalization for coherent long-reach passive optical networks, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(1), A16–A27 (2015)CrossRef
go back to reference J.B. Jensen, R. Rodes, A. Caballero, N. Cheng, D. Zibar, I. Tafur Monroy: VCSEL based coherent PONs, J. Lightwave Technol. 32(8), 1423–1433 (2014)CrossRef J.B. Jensen, R. Rodes, A. Caballero, N. Cheng, D. Zibar, I. Tafur Monroy: VCSEL based coherent PONs, J. Lightwave Technol. 32(8), 1423–1433 (2014)CrossRef
go back to reference M.S. Erkılınç, D. Lavery, K. Shi, B.C. Thomsen, P. Bayvel, R.I. Killey, S.J. Savory: Polarization-insensitive single-balanced photodiode coherent receiver for long-reach WDM-PONs, J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 2034–2041 (2016)CrossRef M.S. Erkılınç, D. Lavery, K. Shi, B.C. Thomsen, P. Bayvel, R.I. Killey, S.J. Savory: Polarization-insensitive single-balanced photodiode coherent receiver for long-reach WDM-PONs, J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 2034–2041 (2016)CrossRef
go back to reference A. Grunnet-Jepsen, A.E. Johnson, E.S. Maniloff, T.W. Mossberg, M.J. Munroe, J.N. Sweetser: Demonstration of all-fiber sparse lightwave CDMA based on temporal phase encoding, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 11, 1283–1285 (1999)CrossRef A. Grunnet-Jepsen, A.E. Johnson, E.S. Maniloff, T.W. Mossberg, M.J. Munroe, J.N. Sweetser: Demonstration of all-fiber sparse lightwave CDMA based on temporal phase encoding, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 11, 1283–1285 (1999)CrossRef
go back to reference W. Huang, I. Andonovic: OCDMA/WDMA networks based on OCDMA systems with interference cancellation. In: 25th Eur. Conf. Exhib. Opt. Commun. (ECOC) (1999) pp. I-192–I-193 W. Huang, I. Andonovic: OCDMA/WDMA networks based on OCDMA systems with interference cancellation. In: 25th Eur. Conf. Exhib. Opt. Commun. (ECOC) (1999) pp. I-192–I-193
go back to reference M.J.L. Cahill, G.J. Pendock, D.D. Sampson: Hybrid coherence multiplexing/coarse wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network for customer access, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 9, 1032–1034 (1997)CrossRef M.J.L. Cahill, G.J. Pendock, D.D. Sampson: Hybrid coherence multiplexing/coarse wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network for customer access, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 9, 1032–1034 (1997)CrossRef
go back to reference M. Kavehrad, D. Zaccarin: Optical code-division multiplexed systems based on spectral encoding of noncoherent sources, J. Lightwave Technol. 13, 534–545 (1995)CrossRef M. Kavehrad, D. Zaccarin: Optical code-division multiplexed systems based on spectral encoding of noncoherent sources, J. Lightwave Technol. 13, 534–545 (1995)CrossRef
go back to reference K. Kitayama: OCDM/WDM networks for gigabit access: 1.24 Gbit/s, 2 OCDM by 2 WDM experiment. In: 25th Eur. Conf. Exhib. Opt. Commun. (ECOC) (1999) pp. I-194–I-195 K. Kitayama: OCDM/WDM networks for gigabit access: 1.24 Gbit/s, 2 OCDM by 2 WDM experiment. In: 25th Eur. Conf. Exhib. Opt. Commun. (ECOC) (1999) pp. I-194–I-195
go back to reference T. Pfeiffer, J. Kissing, J.P. Elbers, B. Deppisch, M. Witte, H. Schmuck, E. Voges: Coarse WDM/CDM/TDM concept for optical packet transmission in metropolitan and access networks supporting 400 channels at 2.5 Gb/s peak rate, J. Lightwave Technol. 18(12), 1928 (2000)CrossRef T. Pfeiffer, J. Kissing, J.P. Elbers, B. Deppisch, M. Witte, H. Schmuck, E. Voges: Coarse WDM/CDM/TDM concept for optical packet transmission in metropolitan and access networks supporting 400 channels at 2.5 Gb/s peak rate, J. Lightwave Technol. 18(12), 1928 (2000)CrossRef
go back to reference L. Möller: An optical CDMA method based on periodic spectrum encoding. In: Proc. 13th Annu. Conf. Eur. Fibre Opt. Commun. Netw. (EFOC) (1995) pp. 178–181 L. Möller: An optical CDMA method based on periodic spectrum encoding. In: Proc. 13th Annu. Conf. Eur. Fibre Opt. Commun. Netw. (EFOC) (1995) pp. 178–181
go back to reference R. Matsumoto, T. Kodama, S. Shimizu, R. Nomura, K. Omichi, N. Wada, K.I. Kitayama: 40G-OCDMA-PON system with an asymmetric structure using a single multi-port and sampled SSFBG encoder/decoders, J. Lightwave Technol. 32(6), 1132–1143 (2014)CrossRef R. Matsumoto, T. Kodama, S. Shimizu, R. Nomura, K. Omichi, N. Wada, K.I. Kitayama: 40G-OCDMA-PON system with an asymmetric structure using a single multi-port and sampled SSFBG encoder/decoders, J. Lightwave Technol. 32(6), 1132–1143 (2014)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Emerging PON Technologies
Authors
Josep Prat
Luca Valcarenghi
Copyright Year
2020
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16250-4_28