11. Environmental Monitoring, Its Main Types and Role to Solve Problems of Seas and Oceans Pollution

The main tasks of environmental monitoring and the problems arising in their implementation are discussed. The main components of environmental monitoring of the World Ocean (physical, geochemical and biological) their goals and objectives are considered. The urgency of organizing effective environmental monitoring of the World Ocean in the production activities of the world’s largest companies of the fuel and energy complex on the sea shelf is shown. The Unified State Information System on the World Ocean (ESIMO), developed in Russia, is considered. The goals and objectives of global, national, regional, local, impact monitoring and their correlation are considered in detail. Information is provided on the distribution of responsibilities among Russian government authorities in implementing various levels of environmental monitoring.