Top

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research

Published in:

28-02-2019

Exfoliated graphite/acrylic composite film as hydrophobic coating of 3D-printed polylactic acid surfaces

Authors: Bryan B. Pajarito, Carlo Angelo L. Cayabyab, Patrick Aldrei C. Costales, Jasmine R. Francisco

Published in: Journal of Coatings Technology and Research | Issue 4/2019

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printers utilize polylactic acid (PLA) as feedstock filament due to its renewability, low extrusion temperature, and good mechanical properties. One major drawback of 3D-printed PLA products is their limited application in harsh environments due to their low hydrolytic resistance. We developed exfoliated graphite (EG)/acrylic composite films as protective coatings of 3D-printed PLA surfaces. This paper reports on the water contact angles (WCAs) and weight change behavior of 3D-printed PLA surfaces coated with EG/acrylic composite films under humid exposure. We obtained hydrophobic films (WCA > 90°) after adding EG platelets to the acrylic resin. Moreover, the films retain their hydrophobicity after a long humid exposure. The films also reduce the water absorption of 3D-printed PLA surfaces. The addition of stearic acid in the coating formulation further enhances the water resistance of the films. In conclusion, the hydrophobic EG/acrylic composite films improve the hydrolytic resistance of 3D-printed PLA surfaces. The use of EG over defect-free graphene to create hydrophobic polymeric films will need to be considered in future studies.

previous article Electrografting of mixed organophosphonic monolayers for SI-ATRP of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine

next article Numerical analysis of pulsatile flows in a slot-die manifold

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Berman, B, “3-D Printing: The New Industrial Revolution.” Bus. Horizons, 55 155–162 (2012)CrossRef

Guo, N, Leu, MC, “Additive Manufacturing: Technology, Applications and Research Needs.” Front. Mech. Eng., 8 215–243 (2013)CrossRef

Stansbury, JW, Idacavage, MJ, “3D Printing with Polymers: Challenges Among Expanding Options and Opportunities.” Dent. Mater., 32 54–64 (2016)CrossRef

Lehermeier, HJ, Dorgan, JR, Way, JD, “Gas Permeation Properties of Poly (Lactic Acid).” J. Membr. Sci., 190 243–251 (2001)CrossRef

Lim, LT, Auras, R, Rubino, M, “Processing Technologies for Poly (Lactic Acid).” Prog. Polym. Sci., 33 820–852 (2008)CrossRef

Hassan, E, Wei, Y, Jiao, H, Muhuo, Y, “Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability of Poly(Lactic Acid) and Poly(Butylene Succinate) Blends Composites.” J. Fiber Bioeng. Inf., 6 85–94 (2013)CrossRef

Huang, HD, Ren, PG, Xu, JZ, Xu, L, Zhong, GJ, Hsiao, BS, Li, ZM, “Improved Barrier Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) with Randomly Dispersed Graphene Oxide Nanosheets.” J. Membr. Sci., 464 110–118 (2014)CrossRef

Jin, Y, Wan, Y, Zhang, B, Liu, Z, “Modeling of the Chemical Finishing Process for Polylactic Acid Parts in Fused Deposition Modeling and Investigation of its Tensile Properties.” J. Mater. Process. Technol., 240 233–239 (2017)CrossRef

Siparsky, GL, Voorhees, KJ, Miao, F, “Hydrolysis of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polycaprolactone (PCL) in Aqueous Acetonitrile Solutions: Autocatalysis.” J. Polym. Environ., 6 31–41 (1998)CrossRef

10.

Rhim, JW, Hong, SI, Ha, CS, “Tensile, Water Vapor Barrier and Antimicrobial Properties of PLA/Nanoclay Composite Films.” LWT Food Sci. Technol., 42 612–617 (2009)CrossRef

11.

Pantani, R, Gorrasi, G, Vigliotta, G, Murariu, M, Dubois, P, “PLA-ZnO Nanocomposite Films: Water Vapor Barrier Properties and Specific End-Use Characteristics.” Eur. Polym. J., 49 3471–3482 (2013)CrossRef

12.

Gorrasi, G, Pantani, R, Murariu, M, Dubois, P, “PLA/Halloysite Nanocomposite Films: Water Vapor Barrier Properties and Specific Key Characteristics.” Macromol. Mater. Eng., 299 104–115 (2014)CrossRef

13.

Sanchez-Garcia, MD, Lagaron, JM, “On the Use of Plant Cellulose Nanowhiskers to Enhance the Barrier Properties of Polylactic Acid.” Cellulose, 17 987–1004 (2010)CrossRef

14.

De Paula, EL, Mano, V, Pereira, FV, “Influence of Cellulose Nanowhiskers on the Hydrolytic Degradation Behavior of Poly(d,l-lactide).” Polym. Degrad. Stab., 96 1631–1638 (2011)CrossRef

15.

Pajarito, B, Kubouchi, M, “Flake-Filled Polymers for Corrosion Protection.” J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 46 18–26 (2013)CrossRef

16.

Pajarito, B, Kubouchi, M, Sakai, T, Aoki, S, “Effective Diffusion in Flake-Polymer Composites with Accelerated Interphase Transport.” J. Soc. Mater. Sci. Jpn., 61 860–866 (2012)CrossRef

17.

Shumigin, D, Tarasova, E, Krumme, A, Meier, P, “Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Lactic) Acid/Cellulose and LDPE/Cellulose Composites.” Mater. Sci., 17 32–37 (2011)

18.

Ray, SS, Okamoto, M, “Biodegradable Polylactide and its Nanocomposites: Opening a New Dimension for Plastics and Composites.” Macromol. Rapid Commun., 24 815–840 (2003)CrossRef

19.

Leigh, SJ, Bradley, RJ, Purssell, CP, Billson, DR, Hutchins, DA, “A Simple, Low-Cost Conductive Composite Material for 3D Printing of Electronic Sensors.” PLoS One, 7 e49365 (2012)CrossRef

20.

Brendley, WH, Bakule, RD, “Chemistry and Technology of Acrylic Resins for Coatings.” In: Tess, RW, Poehlein, GW (eds.) Applied Polymer Science, pp. 1031–1052. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1985)CrossRef

21.

Chung, DDL, “A Review of Exfoliated Graphite.” J. Mater. Sci., 51 554–568 (2016)CrossRef

22.

Debelak, B, Lafdi, K, “Use of Exfoliated Graphite Filler to Enhance Polymer Physical Properties.” Carbon, 45 1727–1734 (2007)CrossRef

23.

Kwon, H, Kim, D, Seo, J, Han, H, “Enhanced Moisture Barrier Films Based on EVOH/Exfoliated Graphite (EGn) Nanocomposite Films by Solution Blending.” Macromol. Res., 21 987–994 (2013)CrossRef

24.

Borriello, C, De Maria, A, Jovic, N, Montone, A, Schwarz, M, Vittori Antisari, M, “Mechanochemical Exfoliation of Graphite and its Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposites with Enhanced Barrier Properties.” Mater. Manuf. Processes, 24 1053–1057 (2009)CrossRef

25.

Tsai, MH, Tseng, IH, Huang, YC, Yu, HP, Chang, PY, “Transparent Polyimide Film with Improved Water and Oxygen Barrier Property by In-Situ Exfoliating Graphite.” Adv. Eng. Mater., 18 582–590 (2016)CrossRef

26.

Hernandez, Y, Nicolosi, V, Lotya, M, Blighe, FM, Sun, Z, De, S, McGovern, IT, Holland, B, Byrne, M, Gun’Ko, YK, Boland, JJ, Niraj, P, Duesberg, G, Krishnamurthy, S, Goodhue, R, Hutchison, J, Scardaci, V, Ferrari, AC, Coleman, JN, “High-Yield Production of Graphene by Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Graphite.” Nat. Nanotechnol., 3 563–568 (2008)CrossRef

27.

Chartarrayawadee, W, Molloy, R, Ratchawet, A, Janmee, N, Butsamran, M, Panpai, K, “Fabrication of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Graphene Oxide/Stearic Acid Composites with Improved Tensile Strength.” Polym. Composite, 38 2272–2282 (2015)CrossRef

28.

Planes, E, Duchet, J, Maazouz, A, Gerard, J, “Characterization of New Formulations for the Rotational Molding Based on Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer/Graphite Nanocomposites.” Polym. Eng. Sci., 48 723–731 (2008)CrossRef

29.

Williams, DL, Kuhn, AT, Amann, MA, Hausinger, MB, Konarik, MM, Nesselrode, EI, “Computerised Measurement of Contact Angles.” Galvanotechnik, 101 2502–2512 (2010)

30.

Narayan, R, Kim, SO, “Surfactant Mediated Liquid Phase Exfoliation of Graphene.” Nano Convergence, 2 20 (2015)CrossRef

31.

Hamilton, CE, Lomeda, JR, Sun, Z, Tour, JM, Barron, AR, “High-Yield Organic Dispersions of Unfunctionalized Graphene.” Nano Lett., 9 3460–3462 (2009)CrossRef

32.

Yi, M, Shen, Z, “Kitchen Blender for Producing High-Quality Few-Layer Graphene.” Carbon, 78 622–626 (2014)CrossRef

33.

Qian, Y, Vu, A, Smyrl, W, Stein, A, “Facile Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of V₂O₅–Graphene Composite Films as Free-Standing Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries.” J. Electrochem. Soc., 159 A1135–A1140 (2012)CrossRef

34.

Valapa, RV, Pugazhenthi, G, Katiyar, V, “Effect of Graphene Content on the Properties of Poly (Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites.” RSC Adv., 5 28410–28423 (2015)CrossRef

35.

Wu, Y, Wang, B, Ma, Y, Huang, Y, Li, N, Zhang, F, Chen, Y, “Efficient and Large-Scale Synthesis of Few-Layered Graphene Using an Arc-Discharge Method and Conductivity Studies of the Resulting Films.” Nano Res., 3 661–669 (2010)CrossRef

36.

Li, ZQ, Lu, CJ, Xia, ZP, Zhou, Y, Luo, Z, “X-Ray Diffraction Patterns of Graphite and Turbostratic Carbon.” Carbon, 45 1686–1695 (2007)CrossRef

37.

Sato, S, Gondo, D, Wada, T, Kanehashi, S, Nagai, K, “Effects of Various Liquid Organic Solvents on Solvent-Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Poly (Lactic Acid) Film.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 129 1607–1617 (2013)CrossRef

38.

Awaja, F, Gilbert, M, Kelly, G, Fox, B, Pigram, PJ, “Adhesion of Polymers.” Prog. Polym. Sci., 34 948–968 (2009)CrossRef

39.

Zhao, Y, Qiu, J, Feng, H, Zhang, M, Lei, L, Wu, X, “Improvement of Tensile and Thermal Properties of Poly (Lactic Acid) Composites with Admicellar-Treated Rice Straw Fiber.” Chem. Eng. J., 173 659–666 (2011)CrossRef

40.

Yang, C, Smyrl, WH, Cussler, EL, “Flake Alignment in Composite Coatings.” J. Membr. Sci., 231 1–12 (2004)CrossRef

41.

Aramendia, E, Mallégol, J, Jeynes, C, Barandiaran, M, Keddie, J, Asua, J, “Distribution of Surfactants Near Acrylic Latex Film Surfaces: A Comparison of Conventional and Reactive Surfactants (Surfmers).” Langmuir., 19 3212–3221 (2003)CrossRef

42.

Liu, P, Sun, S, Hou, H, Dong, H, “Effects of Fatty Acids with Different Degree of Unsaturation on Properties of Sweet Potato Starch-Based Films.” Food Hydrocolloids, 61 351–357 (2016)CrossRef

43.

Wu, X, Chen, Y, Lv, XC, Du, ZL, Zhu, PX, “Effect of Stearic Acid and Sodium Stearate on Cast Cornstarch Films.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 124 3782–3791 (2012)CrossRef

44.

Schmidt, VCR, Porto, LM, Laurindo, JB, Menegalli, FC, “Water Vapor Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Starch Films Containing Stearic Acid.” Ind. Crops Prod., 41 227–234 (2013)CrossRef

Title: Exfoliated graphite/acrylic composite film as hydrophobic coating of 3D-printed polylactic acid surfaces
Authors: Bryan B. Pajarito
Carlo Angelo L. Cayabyab
Patrick Aldrei C. Costales
Jasmine R. Francisco
Publication date: 28-02-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Coatings Technology and Research / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 1547-0091
Electronic ISSN: 1935-3804
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-019-00188-4

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 4/2019

Preparation of a superhydrophobic coating on 6061Al alloy substrate and its simplified truncated cone model

Rheological approach to select most suitable associative thickener for water-based polymer dispersions and paints

Understanding the role of silane pretreatments in an organic coating system. Part 2: a study of molecular dynamics simulation

Numerical analysis of pulsatile flows in a slot-die manifold

Effect of elastic modulus and position of polyurea coating on flexural strength of coated ceramic tiles by experiments and finite element analysis

Polymethyl (hydro)/polydimethylsilazane-derived coatings applied on AA1050: effect of the dilution in butyl acetate on the structural and electrochemical properties

Premium Partners