Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Polymer Bulletin
Published in: Polymer Bulletin 2/2019

29-06-2018 | Original Paper

Exploring the comparative effect of silane coupling agents with different functional groups on the cure, mechanical and thermal properties of nano-alumina (Al2O3)-based natural rubber (NR) compounds

Authors: Kumarjyoti Roy, Pranut Potiyaraj

Published in: Polymer Bulletin | Issue 2/2019

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The surface of sol–gel-synthesized nano-alumina (Al2O3) was modified by three types of silane coupling agents with different specific functionalities, namely 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), triethoxy(octyl)silane (OCTEOS) and bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide (TESPT). The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of both unmodified and surface-modified nano-Al2O3 on the cure characteristics, mechanical properties, cross-link density and thermal stability of natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites. Results revealed that silane coupling agents were very effective to enhance maximum rheometric torque (R∞) and mechanical properties like modulus and tensile strength of nano-Al2O3-based NR nanocomposites. APTES offered higher value of cure rate index for NR compounds as compared to two other silane coupling agents. Among three silane coupling agents, TESPT provided highest improvement in the mechanical properties of NR/nano-Al2O3 composites. This might be explained by considering excellent improvement in the cross-link density of NR compounds in the presence of TESPT-treated nano-Al2O3. The incorporation of both TESPT- and OCTEOS-modified nano-Al2O3 into the NR matrix markedly improved the thermal stability of NR composites. Moreover, bi-functional silane TESPT not only increased the hydrophobicity of nano-Al2O3, but also improved the probability of sulfur cross-linking during cure process of NR compounds.
previous article The α-, β-, and γ-polymorphs of polypropylene–polyethylene random copolymer modified by two kinds of β-nucleating agent
next article Optical properties of PVC/Al2O3 nanocomposite films

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Literature
1.
Ismail H, Ramly F, Othman N (2010) Multiwall carbon nanotube-filled natural rubber: the effects of filler loading and mixing method. Polym Plast Technol Eng 49:260–266CrossRef
2.
Kueseng P, Sae-oui P, Rattanasom N (2013) Mechanical and electrical properties of natural rubber and nitrile rubber blends filled with multi-wall carbon nanotube: effect of preparation methods. Polym Test 32:731–738CrossRef
3.
Ismail H, Salleh SZ, Ahmad Z (2011) Curing characteristics, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs)-filled natural rubber nanocomposites. Polym Plast Technol Eng 50:681–688CrossRef
4.
Sookyung U, Nakason C, Thaijaroen W, Vennemann N (2014) Influence of modifying agents of organoclay on properties of nanocomposites based on natural rubber. Polym Test 33:48–56CrossRef
5.
Viet CX, Ismail H, Rashid AA, Takeichi T, Thao VH (2008) Organoclay filled natural rubber nanocomposites: the effects of filler loading. Polym Plast Technol Eng 47:1090–1096CrossRef
6.
Poompradub S, Luthikaviboon T, Linpoo S, Rojanathanes R, Prasassarakich P (2011) Improving oxidation stability and mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates filled with calcium carbonate modified by gallic acid. Polym Bull 66:965–977CrossRef
7.
Balachandran M, Bhagawan SS (2012) Mechanical, thermal, and transport properties of nitrile rubber-nanocalcium carbonate composites. J Appl Polym Sci 126:1983–1992CrossRef
8.
Mishra S, Shimpi NG (2008) Studies on mechanical, thermal, and flame retarding properties of polybutadiene rubber (PBR) nanocomposites. Polym Plast Technol Eng 47:72–81CrossRef
9.
Roy K, Alam MN, Mandal SK, Debnath SC (2015) Effect of sol–gel modified nano calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the cure, mechanical and thermal properties of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) nanocomposites. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 73:306–313CrossRef
10.
Roy K, Alam MN, Mandal SK, Debnath SC (2014) Sol–gel derived nano zinc oxide for the reduction of zinc oxide level in natural rubber compounds. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 70:378–384CrossRef
11.
Panampilly B, Thomas S (2013) Nano ZnO as cure activator and reinforcing filler in natural rubber. Polym Eng Sci 53:1337–1346CrossRef
12.
Wang Z, Lu Y, Liu J, Dang Z, Zhang L, Wang W (2011) Preparation of nano-zinc oxide/EPDM composites with both good thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 119:1144–1155CrossRef
13.
Roy K, Alam MN, Mandal SK, Debnath SC (2016) Development of a suitable nanostructured cure activator system for polychloroprene rubber nanocomposites with enhanced curing, mechanical and thermal properties. Polym Bull 73:191–207CrossRef
14.
Roy K, Mandal SK, Alam MN, Debnath SC (2016) A comparison between polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) treatment on the properties of nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) based natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites. Polym Bull 73:3065–3079CrossRef
15.
Roy K, Mandal SK, Alam MN, Debnath SC (2016) Impact of surface modification on the properties of sol–gel synthesized nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2)-based styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 77:718–726CrossRef
16.
López-Manchado MA, Valentín JL, Carretero J, Barroso F, Arroyo M (2007) Rubber network in elastomer nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 43:4143–4150CrossRef
17.
Shimpi NG, Mali AD, Sonawane HA, Mishra S (2014) Effect of nBaCO3 on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of isotactic PP-EPDM blend. Polym Bull 71:2067–2080CrossRef
18.
Kaewsakul W, Sahakaro K, Dierkes WK, Noordermeer JWM (2015) Mechanistic aspects of silane coupling agents with different functionalities on reinforcement of silica-filled natural rubber compounds. Polym Eng Sci 55:836–842CrossRef
19.
Siriwong C, Sae-Oui P, Sirisinha C (2014) Comparison of coupling effectiveness among amino-, chloro-, and mercapto silanes in chloroprene rubber. Polym Test 38:64–72CrossRef
20.
Su J, Chen S, Zhang J, Xu Z (2009) Comparison of cure, mechanical, electric properties of EPDM filled with Sm2O3 treated by different coupling agents. Polym Test 28:235–242CrossRef
21.
Jiang MJ, Dang ZM, Yao SH, Bai J (2008) Effects of surface modification of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes/rubber nanocomposites. Chem Phys Lett 457:352–356CrossRef
22.
Roy K, Alam MN, Mandal SK, Debnath SC (2014) Surface modification of sol–gel derived nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and the study of its effect on the properties of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites. J Nanostruct Chem 4:133–142CrossRef
23.
Namitha LK, Chameswary J, Ananthakumar S, Sebastian MT (2013) Effect of micro- and nano-fillers on the properties of silicone rubber-alumina flexible microwave substrate. Ceram Int 39:7077–7087CrossRef
24.
Zhou W, Qi S, Tu C, Zhao H, Wang C, Kou J (2007) Effect of the particle size of Al2O3 on the properties of filled heat-conductive silicone rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 104:1312–1318CrossRef
25.
Nie Y, Huang G, Qu L, Zhang P, Weng G, Wu J (2011) Structural evolution during uniaxial deformation of natural rubber reinforced with nano-alumina. Polym Adv Technol 22:2001–2008CrossRef
26.
Konar BB, Roy SK, Pariya TK (2010) Study on the effect of nano and active particles of alumina on natural rubber-alumina composites in the presence of epoxidized natural rubber as compatibilizer. J Macromol Sci Part A Pure Appl Chem 47:416–422CrossRef
27.
Mohamad N, Muchtar A, Ghazali MJ, Mohd DH, Azhari CH (2010) Correlation of filler loading and silane coupling agent on the physical characteristics of epoxidized natural rubber-alumina nanoparticles composites. J Elastom Plast 42:331–346CrossRef
28.
Karger-Kocsis J, Lendvai L (2017) Polymer/boehmite nanocomposites: a review. J Appl Polym Sci 134:45573
29.
Li J, Pan Y, Xiang C, Ge Q, Guo J (2006) Low temperature synthesis of ultrafine α-Al2O3 powder by a simple aqueous sol–gel process. Ceram Int 32:587–591CrossRef
30.
Thongsang S, Sombatsompop N (2006) Effect of NaOH and Si69 treatments on the properties of fly ash/natural rubber composites. Polym Compos 27:30–40CrossRef
31.
Flory PJ, Rehner JJ (1943) Statistical mechanics of cross-linked polymer networks. II. Swelling. J Chem Phys 11:521–526CrossRef
32.
Usuki A, Kawasumi M, Kojima Y, Okada A, Kurauchi T, Kamigaito O (1993) Synthesis of nylon 6-clay hybrid. J Mater Res 8:1179–1184CrossRef
33.
Bindu P, Thomas S (2013) Viscoelastic behavior and reinforcement mechanism in rubber nanocomposites in the vicinity of spherical nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 117:12632–12648CrossRefPubMed
34.
Parida KM, Pradhan AC, Das J, Sahu N (2009) Synthesis and characterization of nano-sized porous gamma-alumina by control precipitation method. Mater Chem Phys 113:244–248CrossRef
35.
Potdar HS, Jun KW, Bae JW, Kim SM, Lee YJ (2007) Synthesis of nano-sized porous γ-alumina powder via a precipitation/digestion route. Appl Catal A 321:109–116CrossRef
36.
Kalaie MR, Youzbashi AA, Meshkot MA, Hosseini-Nasab F (2016) Preparation and characterization of superparamagnetic nickel oxide particles by chemical route. Appl Nanosci 6:789–795CrossRef
37.
Yu J, Bai H, Wang J, Li Z, Jiao C, Liu Q, Zhang M, Liu L (2013) Synthesis of alumina nanosheets via supercritical fluid technology with high uranyl adsorptive capacity. New J Chem 37:366–372CrossRef
38.
Prado LASA, Sriyai M, Ghislandi M, Barros-Timmons A, Schulte K (2010) Surface modification of alumina nanoparticles with silane coupling agents. J Braz Chem Soc 21:2238–2245CrossRef
39.
Rooj S, Das A, Thakur V, Mahaling RN, Bhowmick AK, Heinrich G (2010) Preparation and properties of natural nanocomposites based on natural rubber and naturally occurring halloysite nanotubes. Mater Des 31:2151–2156CrossRef
40.
Surya I, Ismail H, Azura AR (2013) Alkanolamide as an accelerator, filler-dispersant and a plasticizer in silica-filled natural rubber compounds. Polym Test 32:1313–1321CrossRef
41.
Mali AD, Shimpi NG, Mishra S (2014) Thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of surface-modified montmorillonite-reinforced Viton rubber nanocomposites. Polym Int 63:338–346CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Exploring the comparative effect of silane coupling agents with different functional groups on the cure, mechanical and thermal properties of nano-alumina (Al2O3)-based natural rubber (NR) compounds
Authors
Kumarjyoti Roy
Pranut Potiyaraj
Publication date
29-06-2018
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Polymer Bulletin / Issue 2/2019
Print ISSN: 0170-0839
Electronic ISSN: 1436-2449
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2422-y

Other articles of this Issue 2/2019

Polymer Bulletin 2/2019 Go to the issue

Original Paper

Synthesis, characterization and biocompatible properties of novel silk fibroin/graphene oxide nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application

Original Paper

Modification of electrospun PVA/PAA scaffolds by cold atmospheric plasma: alignment, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility

Original Paper

Compounding sequence as a critical factor in the dispersion of OMMT/hydrocarbon resin/PP-g-MA/PP nanocomposites

Original Paper

Ion conduction behavior of hot-pressed nanocomposite polymer electrolytes: (1 − x) [70PEO:30NaBr] + xSiO2

Original Paper

Application of the liquid-phase polymer-based retention technique to the sorption of molybdenum(VI) and vanadium(V)

Original Paper

Novel nanogels based on hydroxypropyl cellulose–poly(itaconic acid) for adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution: process modeling and optimization using response surface methodology

Premium Partners

    Image Credits