Top

Journal of Nanoparticle Research

Published in:

01-11-2014 | Research Paper

Facile synthesis of morphology- and size-controllable polythiophene/gold composites in aqueous medium

Authors: Quanhui Guo, Shuangshuang Zou, Juan Li, Dongfeng Li, Hexian Jiao, Jiahua Shi

Published in: Journal of Nanoparticle Research | Issue 11/2014

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Polythiophene (PTh) nanomaterials and polythiophene/gold (PTh-Au) composites were successfully fabricated using chloroaurate acid (HAuCl₄) as an oxidant in aqueous medium without using any templates or structure-directing agents. With increasing thiophene (Th) concentration from 0.5 to 50 mM at a fixed molar ratio of thiophene and HAuCl₄ of 3:1, Au@PTh core–shell nanoparticles (~36 nm in diameter) and fibers, AuNPs-modified PTh nanospheres (~270 nm in diameter), flower-like gold microparticles, and gold microsheets were obtained. At a fixed thiophene concentration of 5.0 or 50 mM, the molar ratio of thiophene/HAuCl₄ also affected the morphology and size of PTh–Au composites. The morphology of obtained nanostructures was determined by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Furthermore, characterization experiments including FT-IR, UV–Vis spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and selected-area electron diffraction were utilized to investigate the chemical and electronic structures of PTh nanostructures and PTh–Au composites. The photoluminescent (PL) properties of PTh–Au composites have also been investigated to clarify the effectiveness of the morphology and composition of composites on the PL emission peaks. In addition, the formation mechanism of PTh nanostructures and PTh–Au composites is also proposed.

previous article Singlet oxygen-generating from fluorescence probes based on denatured bovine serum albumin-conjugated CdTe quantum dots and photosensitizer Chlorin e6

next article A modular microfluidic platform for the synthesis of biopolymeric nanoparticles entrapping organic actives

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Available only for authorised users

Alkan S, Cutler CA, Reynolds JR (2003) High quality electrochromic polythiophenes via BF₃·Et₂O electropolymerization. Adv Funct Mater 13:331–336CrossRef

Andersson MR, Berggren M, Inganäs O, Gustafsson G, Gustafsson-Carlberg J, Selse D, Hjertberg T, Wennerström O (1995) Electroluminescence from substituted poly (thiophenes): from blue to near-infrared. Macromolecules 28:7525–7529CrossRef

Bai J, Qin Y, Jiang C, Qi L (2007) Polymer-controlled synthesis of silver nanobelts and hierarchical nanocolumns. Chem Mater 19:3367–3369CrossRef

Bai X, Zheng L, Li N, Dong B, Liu H (2008) Synthesis and characterization of microscale gold nanoplates using Langmuir monolayers of long-chain ionic liquid. Cryst Growth Des 8:3840–3846CrossRef

Bao Z, Lovinger AJ (1999) Soluble regioregular polythiophene derivatives as semiconducting materials for field-effect transistors. Chem Mater 11:2607–2612CrossRef

Bao Z, Dodabalapur A, Lovinger AJ (1996) Soluble and processable regioregular poly (3-hexylthiophene) for thin film field-effect transistor applications with high mobility. Appl Phys Lett 69:4108–4110CrossRef

Cao Y, Guo D, Pang M, Qian R (1987) Studies on iodine doped thiophene oligomers. Synth Met 18:189–194CrossRef

Chayer M, Faïd K, Leclerc M (1997) Highly conducting water-soluble polythiophene derivatives. Chem Mater 9:2902–2905CrossRef

Choi Y, Tepavcevic S, Xu Z, Hanley L (2004) Optical and chemical properties of polythiophene films produced via surface polymerization by ion-assisted deposition. Chem Mater 16:1924–1931CrossRef

Fu M, Zhu Y, Tan R, Shi G (2001) Aligned polythiophene micro-and nanotubules. Adv Mater 13:1874–1877CrossRef

Gevorgyan SA, Krebs FC (2008) Bulk heterojunctions based on native polythiophene. Chem Mater 20:4386–4390CrossRef

Gök A, Omastová M, Yavuz AG (2007) Synthesis and characterization of polythiophenes prepared in the presence of surfactants. Synth Met 157:23–29CrossRef

Guan H, Zhou P, Zhou X, He Z (2008) Sensitive and selective detection of aspartic acid and glutamic acid based on polythiophene–gold nanoparticles composite. Talanta 77:319–324CrossRef

Gunes S, Neugebauer H, Sariciftci NS (2007) Conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells. Chem Rev 107:1324–1338CrossRef

Guo Z, Zhang Y, DuanMu Y, Xu L, Xie S, Gu N (2006) Facile synthesis of micrometer-sized gold nanoplates through an aniline-assisted route in ethylene glycol solution. Colloids Surf A 278:33–38CrossRef

Henglein A, Meisel D (1998) Radiolytic control of the size of colloidal gold nanoparticles. Langmuir 14:7392–7396CrossRef

Ho H-A, Najari A, Leclerc M (2008) Optical detection of DNA and proteins with cationic polythiophenes. Acc Chem Res 41:168–178CrossRef

Jung YJ, Govindaiah P, Park T-J, Lee SJ, Kim JH, Cheong IW (2010) Luminescent gold–poly (thiophene) nanoaggregates prepared by one-step oxidative polymerization. J Mater Chem 20:9770–9774CrossRef

Kim Y, Cook S, Tuladhar SM, Choulis SA, Nelson J, Durrant JR, Bradley DD, Giles M, McCulloch I, Ha C-S (2006) A strong regioregularity effect in self-organizing conjugated polymer films and high-efficiency polythiophene: fullerene solar cells. Nat Mater 5:197–203CrossRef

Kim YS, Lee HJ, Govindaiah P, Son W, Koh W-G, Cheong IW, Kim JH (2014) Preparation of Fe₃O₄-embedded poly(styrene)/poly(thiophene) core/shell nanoparticles and their hydrogel patterns for sensor applications. Materials 7:195–205CrossRef

Kline RJ, McGehee MD, Toney MF (2006) Highly oriented crystals at the buried interface in polythiophene thin-film transistors. Nat Mater 5:222–228CrossRef

Lee JM, Lee SJ, Jung YJ, Kim JH (2008a) Fabrication of nano-structured polythiophene nanoparticles in aqueous dispersion. Curr Appl Phys 8:659–663CrossRef

Lee SJ, Lee JM, Cheong IW, Lee H, Kim JH (2008b) A facile route of polythiophene nanoparticles via Fe³⁺-catalyzed oxidative polymerization in aqueous medium. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 46:2097–2107CrossRef

Lee SJ, Lee JM, Cho H-Z, Koh WG, Cheong IW, Kim JH (2010a) Poly (thiophene) nanoparticles prepared by Fe³⁺-Catalyzed oxidative polymerization: a size-dependent effect on photoluminescence property. Macromolecules 43:2484–2489CrossRef

Lee C-W, Takagi C, Truong T, Chen Y-C, Ostafin A (2010b) A Luminescent Au nanoparticles with a pH-responsive nanoparticle-supported molecular brush. J Phys Chem C 114:12459–12468CrossRef

Li G, Bhosale S, Wang T, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Fuhrhop JH (2003) Gram-scale synthesis of submicrometer-long polythiophene wires in mesoporous silica matrices. Angew Chem Int Ed 42:3818–3821CrossRef

Li XG, Li J, Huang MR (2009a) Facile optimal synthesis of inherently electroconductive polythiophene nanoparticles. Chem Eur J 15:6446–6455CrossRef

Li X-G, Li J, Meng Q-K, Huang M-R (2009b) Interfacial synthesis and widely controllable conductivity of polythiophene microparticles. J Phys Chem B 113:9718–9727CrossRef

Mallick K, Witcomb MJ, Scurrell MS (2007) Directional assembly of polyaniline functionalized gold nanoparticles. J Phys Condens Matter 19:196225CrossRef

McCullough RD (1999) The chemistry of conducting polythiophenes. Adv Mater 10:93–116CrossRef

McCullough RD, Lowe RD, Jayaraman M, Anderson DL (1993) Design, synthesis, and control of conducting polymer architectures: structurally homogeneous poly (3-alkylthiophenes). J Org Chem 58:904–912CrossRef

Mwaura JK, Zhao X, Jiang H, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR (2006) Spectral broadening in nanocrystalline TiO₂ solar cells based on poly (p-phenylene ethynylene) and polythiophene sensitizers. Chem Mater 18:6109–6111CrossRef

Nicholson PG, Ruiz V, Macpherson JV, Unwin PR (2005) Enhanced visible photoluminescence in ultrathin poly (3-hexylthiophene) films by incorporation of Au nanoparticles. Chem Commun 8:1052–1054CrossRef

Ogawa K, Stafford JA, Rothstein SD, Tallman DE, Rasmussen SC (2005) Nitrogen-functionalized polythiophenes: potential routes to new low band gap materials. Synth Met 152:137–140CrossRef

Panda BR, Chattopadhyay A (2007) A water-soluble polythiophene–Au nanoparticle composite for pH sensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 316:962–967CrossRef

Panda BR, Singh AK, Ramesh A, Chattopadhyay A (2008) A rapid estimation of bacteria by a fluorescent gold nanoparticle– polythiophene composite. Langmuir 24:11995–12000CrossRef

Pandey P, Arya SK, Matharu Z, Singh SP, Datta M, Malhotra BD (2008) Polythiophene gold nanoparticles composite film for application to glucose sensor. J Appl Polym Sci 110:988–994CrossRef

Park DH, Hong YK, Kim MS, Cho EH, Choi WJ, Kim KH, Park Q, Kim D-C, Song H, Kim J (2010) Nanoscale photoluminescence of light-emitting poly (3-methylthiophene) nanotubes hybridized with Au nanoparticles. Synth Met 160:604–608CrossRef

Sajanlal P, Sreeprasad T, Nair AS, Pradeep T (2008) Wires, plates, flowers, needles, and core-shells: diverse nanostructures of gold using polyaniline templates. Langmuir 24:4607–4614CrossRef

Sheina EE, Khersonsky SM, Jones EG, McCullough RD (2005) Highly conductive, regioregular alkoxy-functionalized polythiophenes: a new class of stable, low band gap materials. Chem Mater 17:3317–3319CrossRef

Skotheim TA, Elsenbaumer RL, Reynolds JR (1998) Handbook of Conducting Polymers, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker, New York

Sun S, Salim T, Wong LH, Foo YL, Boey F, Lam YM (2010) A new insight into controlling poly (3-hexylthiophene) nanofiber growth through a mixed-solvent approach for organic photovoltaics applications. J Mater Chem 21:377–386CrossRef

Sun H, He J, Xing S, Zhu L, Wong YJ, Wang Y, Zhai H, Chen H (2011) One-step synthesis of composite vesicles: direct polymerization and in situ over-oxidation of thiophene. Chem Sci 2:2109–2114CrossRef

Suzuki K, Zhang H, Saito K, Garitaonandia J, Goikolea E, Insausti M (2011) Ferromagnetism of polythiophene-capped Au nanoparticles. J Appl Phys 109:07E328

Thompson BC, Fréchet JM (2008) Polymer–fullerene composite solar cells. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:58–77CrossRef

Tran HD, Wang Y, D’Arcy JM, Kaner RB (2008) Toward an understanding of the formation of conducting polymer nanofibers. ACS Nano 2:1841–1848CrossRef

Wang Z, Wang Y, Xu D, S-W Kong E, Zhang Y (2010) Facile synthesis of dispersible spherical polythiophene nanoparticles by copper (II) catalyzed oxidative polymerization in aqueous medium. Synth Met 160:921–926CrossRef

Wilcoxon JP, Martin JE, Parsapour F, Wiedenman B, Kelley DF (1998) Photoluminescence from nanosize gold clusters. J. Chem Phys 108:9137–9143

Zotti G, Vercelli B, Battagliarin M, Berlin A, Hernandez V, Navarrete JL (2007) Oligothiophene-and oligopyrrole-mediated aggregation of gold nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C 111:5886–5892CrossRef

Zou Y, Wu W, Sang G, Yang Y, Liu Y, Li Y (2007) Polythiophene derivative with phenothiazine-vinylene conjugated side chain: synthesis and its application in field-effect transistors. Macromolecules 40:7231–7237CrossRef

Title: Facile synthesis of morphology- and size-controllable polythiophene/gold composites in aqueous medium
Authors: Quanhui Guo
Shuangshuang Zou
Juan Li
Dongfeng Li
Hexian Jiao
Jiahua Shi
Publication date: 01-11-2014
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Published in: Journal of Nanoparticle Research / Issue 11/2014
Print ISSN: 1388-0764
Electronic ISSN: 1572-896X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2702-x

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 11/2014

Low-cost industrial by-products as precursors for $$\hbox {LiFePO}_{4}$$ LiFePO 4 synthesis

Performance enhancement of NiTsPc based photo sensor using treated TiO2 NPs film

Synthesis and characterization of gadolinium nanosheets with bound rose bengal: potential use in photodynamic therapy and MRI

Preparation and characterization of kasuga-silica-conjugated nanospheres for sustained antimicrobial activity

Solution-processed anchoring zinc oxide quantum dots on covalently modified graphene oxide

Antitumor effects of MsurvivinT34A–CaPi complex-embedded PLGA nanoparticles in combination with Doxil in mice

Premium Partners