Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Sexuality Research and Social Policy 4/2021

04-09-2021

Findommes, Cybermediated Sex Work, and Rinsing

Authors: Rosey McCracken, Belinda Brooks-Gordon

Published in: Sexuality Research and Social Policy | Issue 4/2021

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Introduction

Financial domination involves the payment of cash or gifts from a wish list by a money slave to a money mistress, financial dominatrix, or findomme. Boundaries for findommes working through webcam and video-call services may be more fluid than via text-based modes since the domme engages in more visible displays, and modification of language, voice, and feelings to fulfil the fantasy for a client. We explore the nature of findomme work and its relationship to BDSM to understand how the interaction progresses and how the boundaries, of reasonable and permissible behaviour which affect both incoming and outgoing interactions between people, are maintained.

Methods

The study was in two stages. The first stage was a survey of online findommes (n = 56) in UK and the USA. For the second stage, we explored the experience of findommes (n = 195) on money-slavery websites and social media feeds using netnography as an observation method with cisgender male, female, and transgender participants.

Results

Our analysis reveals how findomme interaction progresses from text-based interaction to virtual face-to-face and voice communication. We show financial domination to be on a continuum from being a lifestyle choice in the BDSM community that reaps financial benefits to a purely economic and legitimate form of commercial labour. Although financial domination clearly elicits sexual arousal for clients, the relationship can also be exclusively psychological and focus on the relinquishing of control to a money mistress for a prescribed period.

Conclusion

The findings also show how personal boundaries are negotiated and enhance understanding of how the microculture of findomming interacts with other microcultures. By demystifying the process of financial domination, we clarify its relationship with other microcultures and add to the growing body of literature that destigmatizes consensual erotic labour.

Implications

These findings show how online support, in a decriminalised environment, enabled new and ‘instadommes’ to set and maintain healthy boundaries for enhanced physical and psychological well-being, and the research provides valuable insight into sex work that is safely carried out in online spaces by a large number of participants so adding to the growing body of work on decriminalization.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Abel, G. M. (2011). Different stage, different performance: The protective strategy or role play on emotional health in sex work. Social Science and Medicine, 72, 1177–1184.PubMedCrossRef Abel, G. M. (2011). Different stage, different performance: The protective strategy or role play on emotional health in sex work. Social Science and Medicine, 72, 1177–1184.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Akdenis, Y. (2002). Anonymity, democracy, and cyberspace. Social Research, 69(1), 223–237.CrossRef Akdenis, Y. (2002). Anonymity, democracy, and cyberspace. Social Research, 69(1), 223–237.CrossRef
go back to reference Akers, R. L. (1985). Deviant Behavior: A social learning Approach. Wadsworth Inc. Akers, R. L. (1985). Deviant Behavior: A social learning Approach. Wadsworth Inc.
go back to reference Akers, R. L., Krohn, M. D., Lanza-Kaduce, L., & Radosevich, M. (1997). Social learning and deviant behaviour: A specific test of a general theory. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 636–655.CrossRef Akers, R. L., Krohn, M. D., Lanza-Kaduce, L., & Radosevich, M. (1997). Social learning and deviant behaviour: A specific test of a general theory. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 636–655.CrossRef
go back to reference Angrosino, M. V. (2005). ‘Recontextualizing observation: Ethnography, pedagogy, and the prospects for a progressive political agenda. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 729–745). Sage. Angrosino, M. V. (2005). ‘Recontextualizing observation: Ethnography, pedagogy, and the prospects for a progressive political agenda. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 729–745). Sage.
go back to reference Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88–115.CrossRef Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88–115.CrossRef
go back to reference Benoit, C., Jansson, M., Smith, M., & Flagg, J. (2017a). Prostitution stigma and its effect on the working conditions, personal lives, and health of sex workers. The Journal of Sex Research, 55, 457–471.PubMedCrossRef Benoit, C., Jansson, M., Smith, M., & Flagg, J. (2017a). Prostitution stigma and its effect on the working conditions, personal lives, and health of sex workers. The Journal of Sex Research, 55, 457–471.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Benoit, C., Jansson, M., Smith, M., & Flagg, J. (2018). “Well, it should be changed for one, because it’s our bodies”: Sex workers’ views on Canada’s punitive approach towards sex work. Social Sciences, 6, 52.CrossRef Benoit, C., Jansson, M., Smith, M., & Flagg, J. (2018). “Well, it should be changed for one, because it’s our bodies”: Sex workers’ views on Canada’s punitive approach towards sex work. Social Sciences, 6, 52.CrossRef
go back to reference Bernstein, E. (2007). Temporarily yours: Intimacy, authenticity, and the commerce of sex. University of Chicago Press.CrossRef Bernstein, E. (2007). Temporarily yours: Intimacy, authenticity, and the commerce of sex. University of Chicago Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Bezleh, T., Weinberg, T. S., & Edgar, T. (2012). BDSM disclosure and stigma management: Identifying opportunities for sex education. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 7, 37–61.CrossRef Bezleh, T., Weinberg, T. S., & Edgar, T. (2012). BDSM disclosure and stigma management: Identifying opportunities for sex education. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 7, 37–61.CrossRef
go back to reference Bowen, R. (2021). Work money and duality: Trading sex as a side-hustle. Policy Press Bowen, R. (2021). Work money and duality: Trading sex as a side-hustle. Policy Press
go back to reference Brents, B., & Sanders, T. (2010). Mainstreaming the sex industry: Economic inclusion and social ambivalence. Journal of Law and Society, 37(1), 40–60.CrossRef Brents, B., & Sanders, T. (2010). Mainstreaming the sex industry: Economic inclusion and social ambivalence. Journal of Law and Society, 37(1), 40–60.CrossRef
go back to reference Breslow, N., Evans, L., & Langley, J. (1985). On the prevalence and roles of females in the sadomasochistic subculture: Report on an empirical study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 14, 303–317.PubMedCrossRef Breslow, N., Evans, L., & Langley, J. (1985). On the prevalence and roles of females in the sadomasochistic subculture: Report on an empirical study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 14, 303–317.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Breslow, N. (1986). Comparisons among heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual male sadomasochists. Journal of Homosexuality, 13(1), 83–107.PubMedCrossRef Breslow, N. (1986). Comparisons among heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual male sadomasochists. Journal of Homosexuality, 13(1), 83–107.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brewis, J., & Linstead, S. (2000a). Sex, work and sex work: Eroticizing organization. Routledge. Brewis, J., & Linstead, S. (2000a). Sex, work and sex work: Eroticizing organization. Routledge.
go back to reference Brewis, J., & Linstead, S. (2000b). ‘The worst thing is the screwing’ (1): Consumption and the management of identity in sex work. Gender, Work and Organization, 7(2), 84–97.CrossRef Brewis, J., & Linstead, S. (2000b). ‘The worst thing is the screwing’ (1): Consumption and the management of identity in sex work. Gender, Work and Organization, 7(2), 84–97.CrossRef
go back to reference Brooks-Gordon, B. (2006). The price of sex: Prostitution, policy, and society. Willan Publishing. Brooks-Gordon, B. (2006). The price of sex: Prostitution, policy, and society. Willan Publishing.
go back to reference Brown, A., Barker, E. D., & Rahman, Q. (2020). Systematic scoping review of prevalence, etiological, psychological, and interpersonal factors associated with BDSM. Annual Review of Sex Research. 781–811. Brown, A., Barker, E. D., & Rahman, Q. (2020). Systematic scoping review of prevalence, etiological, psychological, and interpersonal factors associated with BDSM. Annual Review of Sex Research. 781–811.
go back to reference Bungay, V., & Guta, A. (2018). Strategies and challenges in preventing violence against Canadian indoor sex workers. American Journal of Public Health, 108, 393–398.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bungay, V., & Guta, A. (2018). Strategies and challenges in preventing violence against Canadian indoor sex workers. American Journal of Public Health, 108, 393–398.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Callander, D., Meunier, É., DeVeau, R., Grov, C., Donovan, B., Minichiello, V., Singham Goodwin, A., & Duncan, D. T. (2020). Sex workers are returning to work and require enhanced support in the face of the COVID-19: Results from a longitudinal analysis of online sex work activity and a content analysis of safer sex work guidelines. Sex Health, 17(4), 384–386. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH20128 PMID:32838836.CrossRefPubMed Callander, D., Meunier, É., DeVeau, R., Grov, C., Donovan, B., Minichiello, V., Singham Goodwin, A., & Duncan, D. T. (2020). Sex workers are returning to work and require enhanced support in the face of the COVID-19: Results from a longitudinal analysis of online sex work activity and a content analysis of safer sex work guidelines. Sex Health, 17(4), 384–386. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1071/​SH20128 PMID:32838836.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Campbell, R., Sanders, T., Scoular, J., Pitcher, J., & Cunningham, S. (2019). Risking safety and rights: Online sex work, crimes and ‘blended safety repertoires’. British Journal of Sociology, Sep; 70(4):1539–1560. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12493. Epub 2018 Oct 14.PMID: 30318604. Campbell, R., Sanders, T., Scoular, J., Pitcher, J., & Cunningham, S. (2019). Risking safety and rights: Online sex work, crimes and ‘blended safety repertoires’. British Journal of Sociology, Sep; 70(4):1539–1560. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​1468-4446.​12493. Epub 2018 Oct 14.PMID: 30318604.
go back to reference Cascalleira, C. J., Thomson, A. & Wignall, L. (2021). ‘A certain evolution’: A phenomenological study of 24/7 BDSM and negotiating consent. Psychology and Sexuality, 0:1–12. Cascalleira, C. J., Thomson, A. & Wignall, L. (2021). ‘A certain evolution’: A phenomenological study of 24/7 BDSM and negotiating consent. Psychology and Sexuality, 0:1–12.
go back to reference Chapkis, W. (1997). Live sex acts: Women performing erotic labor. Routledge. Chapkis, W. (1997). Live sex acts: Women performing erotic labor. Routledge.
go back to reference Cheng, S. J. A. (2013). A review of Danielle J. Lindemann: Dominatrix: Gender, eroticism, and control in the dungeon. Sexuality & Culture, 17, 377–378.CrossRef Cheng, S. J. A. (2013). A review of Danielle J. Lindemann: Dominatrix: Gender, eroticism, and control in the dungeon. Sexuality & Culture, 17, 377–378.CrossRef
go back to reference Cooper, A., Delmonico, D., & Burg, R. (2000). Cybersex users, abusers, and compulsives: New findings and implications. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 7(1–2), 5–30.CrossRef Cooper, A., Delmonico, D., & Burg, R. (2000). Cybersex users, abusers, and compulsives: New findings and implications. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 7(1–2), 5–30.CrossRef
go back to reference Cora Garcia, A., Standlee, A. I., Beckhoff, J., & Cui, Y. (2009). Ethnographic approaches to the internet and computer-mediated communication. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 38(1), 52–84.CrossRef Cora Garcia, A., Standlee, A. I., Beckhoff, J., & Cui, Y. (2009). Ethnographic approaches to the internet and computer-mediated communication. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 38(1), 52–84.CrossRef
go back to reference De Neef, N., Coppens, V., Huys, W., & Morrens, M. (2019). Bondage-discipline, dominance-submission sadomasochism (BDSM) From an integrative biopsychosocial perspective: A systematic review. Sexual Medicine, 7(2), 129–144.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef De Neef, N., Coppens, V., Huys, W., & Morrens, M. (2019). Bondage-discipline, dominance-submission sadomasochism (BDSM) From an integrative biopsychosocial perspective: A systematic review. Sexual Medicine, 7(2), 129–144.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Deshotels, T., & Forsyth, C. J. (2006). Strategic flirting and the emotional tab of exotic dancing. Deviant Behavior, 27, 223–241.CrossRef Deshotels, T., & Forsyth, C. J. (2006). Strategic flirting and the emotional tab of exotic dancing. Deviant Behavior, 27, 223–241.CrossRef
go back to reference Durkin, K. F. (2007). Show me the money: Cybershrews and online money masochists. Deviant Behavior, 28, 355–378.CrossRef Durkin, K. F. (2007). Show me the money: Cybershrews and online money masochists. Deviant Behavior, 28, 355–378.CrossRef
go back to reference Durkin, K. F., & Bryant, C. D. (1995). Log on to sex: Some notes on the carnal computer and erotic cyberspace as an emerging research frontier. Deviant Behavior, 16, 179–200.CrossRef Durkin, K. F., & Bryant, C. D. (1995). Log on to sex: Some notes on the carnal computer and erotic cyberspace as an emerging research frontier. Deviant Behavior, 16, 179–200.CrossRef
go back to reference Flowers, A. (1998). The fantasy factory: An insider’s view of the phone sex industry. University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRef Flowers, A. (1998). The fantasy factory: An insider’s view of the phone sex industry. University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Frost, N., Sevasti, N. M., Brooks-Gordon, B., Esin, C., Holt, A., Mehdisadeh, L., & Shinebourne, P. (2010). Pluralism in qualitative research: The impact of different researchers and research methods on the qualitative analysis of data. Qualitative Research, 10(4), 441–460.CrossRef Frost, N., Sevasti, N. M., Brooks-Gordon, B., Esin, C., Holt, A., Mehdisadeh, L., & Shinebourne, P. (2010). Pluralism in qualitative research: The impact of different researchers and research methods on the qualitative analysis of data. Qualitative Research, 10(4), 441–460.CrossRef
go back to reference Garcia, J., & Crocker, J. (2008). Reasons for disclosing depression matter: The consequences of having egosystem and ecosystem goals. Social Science and Medicine, 67(3), 453–462.PubMedCrossRef Garcia, J., & Crocker, J. (2008). Reasons for disclosing depression matter: The consequences of having egosystem and ecosystem goals. Social Science and Medicine, 67(3), 453–462.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Giddens, A. (1992). The transformation of intimacy; sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies. Polity Press. Giddens, A. (1992). The transformation of intimacy; sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies. Polity Press.
go back to reference Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Aldine. Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Aldine.
go back to reference Grandey, A. (2000). Emotion regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 95–110.PubMedCrossRef Grandey, A. (2000). Emotion regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 95–110.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hakim, C. (2010). Erotic capital. European Sociological Review., 26(5), 499–518.CrossRef Hakim, C. (2010). Erotic capital. European Sociological Review., 26(5), 499–518.CrossRef
go back to reference Hoang, K. K. (2010). Economies of emotion, familiarity, fantasy, and desire: Emotional labour in Ho Chi Minh City’s sex industry. Sexualities, 13, 255–272.CrossRef Hoang, K. K. (2010). Economies of emotion, familiarity, fantasy, and desire: Emotional labour in Ho Chi Minh City’s sex industry. Sexualities, 13, 255–272.CrossRef
go back to reference Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. University of California Press. Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. University of California Press.
go back to reference Holt, T. J., Burress, G. W., & Bossier, A. M. (2010). Social learning and cyber deviance: Examining the importance of a full social learning model in the virtual world. Journal of Crime and Justice, 33, 31–61.CrossRef Holt, T. J., Burress, G. W., & Bossier, A. M. (2010). Social learning and cyber deviance: Examining the importance of a full social learning model in the virtual world. Journal of Crime and Justice, 33, 31–61.CrossRef
go back to reference Inzlicht, M., Aronson, J., Good, C., & McKay, L. (2006). A particular resiliency to threatening environments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42(3), 323–336.CrossRef Inzlicht, M., Aronson, J., Good, C., & McKay, L. (2006). A particular resiliency to threatening environments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42(3), 323–336.CrossRef
go back to reference Jones, A. (2020). Camming: Money, power and pleasure in the sex work industry. NYU Press. Jones, A. (2020). Camming: Money, power and pleasure in the sex work industry. NYU Press.
go back to reference Koken, J. A., Bimbi, D. S. & Parsons, J. T. (2014). Positive marginality and stigma resistance among gay and bisexual male escorts. In: Aggleton, P. & Parker, R. (Eds.). Men who sell sex: Global perspectives. Second Edition: Routledge. Koken, J. A., Bimbi, D. S. & Parsons, J. T. (2014). Positive marginality and stigma resistance among gay and bisexual male escorts. In: Aggleton, P. & Parker, R. (Eds.). Men who sell sex: Global perspectives. Second Edition: Routledge.
go back to reference Kolmes, K., Stock, W., & Moser, C. (2006). Investigating bias in psychotherapy with BDSM clients. Journal of Homosexuality, 50(2), 301–324.PubMedCrossRef Kolmes, K., Stock, W., & Moser, C. (2006). Investigating bias in psychotherapy with BDSM clients. Journal of Homosexuality, 50(2), 301–324.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kozinets, R. (2010). Netnography: Doing ethnographic research online. Sage. Kozinets, R. (2010). Netnography: Doing ethnographic research online. Sage.
go back to reference Kozinets, R., & Gambetti, R. (2021). Netnography: Understanding technoculture using qualitative research online. Routledge. Kozinets, R., & Gambetti, R. (2021). Netnography: Understanding technoculture using qualitative research online. Routledge.
go back to reference Langridge, D., & Butt, T. (2005). The erotic construction of power exchange. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 18, 65–73.CrossRef Langridge, D., & Butt, T. (2005). The erotic construction of power exchange. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 18, 65–73.CrossRef
go back to reference Lee, R. (1999). Doing research on sensitive topics. London. Sage. Lee, R. (1999). Doing research on sensitive topics. London. Sage.
go back to reference Megan Smith, E. (2017). It gets very intimate for me: Discursive boundaries of pleasure and performance in sex work. Sexualities, 20(3), 344–363.CrossRef Megan Smith, E. (2017). It gets very intimate for me: Discursive boundaries of pleasure and performance in sex work. Sexualities, 20(3), 344–363.CrossRef
go back to reference McClintock, A. (1993). Maid to order: Commercial fetishism and gender power. Social Text, 37, 87–116.CrossRef McClintock, A. (1993). Maid to order: Commercial fetishism and gender power. Social Text, 37, 87–116.CrossRef
go back to reference Morris, J. A., & Feldman, D. C. (1996). The dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of emotional labor. Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 986–1010.CrossRef Morris, J. A., & Feldman, D. C. (1996). The dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of emotional labor. Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 986–1010.CrossRef
go back to reference Murthy, D. (2008). Digital ethnographies. An examination of new technologies for social research. Sociology, 42, 837–855.CrossRef Murthy, D. (2008). Digital ethnographies. An examination of new technologies for social research. Sociology, 42, 837–855.CrossRef
go back to reference O’Connell Davidson, J., & Layder, D. (1994). Methods, sex and madness. Routledge. O’Connell Davidson, J., & Layder, D. (1994). Methods, sex and madness. Routledge.
go back to reference O’Neill, M. (2001). Prostitution and feminism: Towards a politics of feeling. Polity Press. O’Neill, M. (2001). Prostitution and feminism: Towards a politics of feeling. Polity Press.
go back to reference Palandrini, M., & Green, L. (2000). Image management in a bondage, discipline, sadomasochist subculture: A cyber-ethnographic study. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 3(4), 631–641.CrossRef Palandrini, M., & Green, L. (2000). Image management in a bondage, discipline, sadomasochist subculture: A cyber-ethnographic study. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 3(4), 631–641.CrossRef
go back to reference Parker, R., & Aggleton, P. (2003). HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and implications for action. Social Science & Medicine, 57, 13–24.CrossRef Parker, R., & Aggleton, P. (2003). HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and implications for action. Social Science & Medicine, 57, 13–24.CrossRef
go back to reference Ray, A. (2007). Sex on the open market: Sex workers harness the power of the internet. In K. Jacobs, M. Janssen, & M. Pasquinelli (Eds) (p45–68). C’Lick Me: A netporn studies reader. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Institute of Network Cultures. Ray, A. (2007). Sex on the open market: Sex workers harness the power of the internet. In K. Jacobs, M. Janssen, & M. Pasquinelli (Eds) (p45–68). C’Lick Me: A netporn studies reader. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Institute of Network Cultures.
go back to reference Rich, G. J., & Guidroz, K. (2000). Smart girls who like sex: Telephone sex workers. Sex for sale: Prostitution, pornography and the sex industry, 35–48. Rich, G. J., & Guidroz, K. (2000). Smart girls who like sex: Telephone sex workers. Sex for sale: Prostitution, pornography and the sex industry, 35–48.
go back to reference Roberts, L., Smith, L., & Pollock. C. (2004). Conducting ethical research online: Respect for individuals, identities and the ownership of words In E. A. Buchanan (ed) Virtual research ethics: Issues and controversies, pp156–73. Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing. Roberts, L., Smith, L., & Pollock. C. (2004). Conducting ethical research online: Respect for individuals, identities and the ownership of words In E. A. Buchanan (ed) Virtual research ethics: Issues and controversies, pp156–73. Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing.
go back to reference Salter, A. (2011). Virtually yours: Desire and fulfilment in virtual worlds. The Journal of Popular Culture, 44(5), 1120–1137.CrossRef Salter, A. (2011). Virtually yours: Desire and fulfilment in virtual worlds. The Journal of Popular Culture, 44(5), 1120–1137.CrossRef
go back to reference Sanders, T. (2004). Controllable laughter: Managing sex work through humour. Sociology, 38, 272–291.CrossRef Sanders, T. (2004). Controllable laughter: Managing sex work through humour. Sociology, 38, 272–291.CrossRef
go back to reference Sanders, T. (2005a). Sex work: A risky business. Willan Publishing. Sanders, T. (2005a). Sex work: A risky business. Willan Publishing.
go back to reference Sanders, T. (2005b). ’It’s just acting: Sex workers’ strategies for capitalising on sexuality’. Gender, Work and Organization, 12(4), 319–342.CrossRef Sanders, T. (2005b). ’It’s just acting: Sex workers’ strategies for capitalising on sexuality’. Gender, Work and Organization, 12(4), 319–342.CrossRef
go back to reference Sanders, T. (2008). Male sexual scripts: Intimacy, pleasure, and sexuality in the purchase of commercial sex. Sociology, 42(3), 400–417.CrossRef Sanders, T. (2008). Male sexual scripts: Intimacy, pleasure, and sexuality in the purchase of commercial sex. Sociology, 42(3), 400–417.CrossRef
go back to reference Scambler, G., & Paoli, F. (2008). Health work, female sex workers and HIV/Aids: Global and local dimensions of stigma and deviance as barriers to effective interventions. Social Science and Medicine, 66, 1848–1862.PubMedCrossRef Scambler, G., & Paoli, F. (2008). Health work, female sex workers and HIV/Aids: Global and local dimensions of stigma and deviance as barriers to effective interventions. Social Science and Medicine, 66, 1848–1862.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Scott, B. A., & Barnes, C. M. (2011). A multilevel field investigation of emotional labor, affect, work withdrawal, and gender. Academy of Management Journal, 54(1), 116–136.CrossRef Scott, B. A., & Barnes, C. M. (2011). A multilevel field investigation of emotional labor, affect, work withdrawal, and gender. Academy of Management Journal, 54(1), 116–136.CrossRef
go back to reference Thomas, J., Holt, T. J., Burruss, G. W., & Bossle, A. M. (2010). Social learning and cyber-deviance: Examining the importance of a full social learning model in the virtual world. Journal of Crime and Justice, 33(2), 31–61.CrossRef Thomas, J., Holt, T. J., Burruss, G. W., & Bossle, A. M. (2010). Social learning and cyber-deviance: Examining the importance of a full social learning model in the virtual world. Journal of Crime and Justice, 33(2), 31–61.CrossRef
go back to reference Van Wesenbeek, I. (2005). Burnout among female indoor sex workers: A review of research 1990–200. Annual Review of Research, 12, 242–290. Van Wesenbeek, I. (2005). Burnout among female indoor sex workers: A review of research 1990–200. Annual Review of Research, 12, 242–290.
go back to reference Ward, H., & Day, S. (Eds.). (2004). Sex work mobility and health in Europe. Kegan Paul. Ward, H., & Day, S. (Eds.). (2004). Sex work mobility and health in Europe. Kegan Paul.
go back to reference Williams, D. J. (2012). Unconventional leisure and career: Insights into the work of professional dominatrices Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality, 15, March 29, www.ejhs.org Williams, D. J. (2012). Unconventional leisure and career: Insights into the work of professional dominatrices Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality, 15, March 29, www.​ejhs.​org
go back to reference Williams, D., Prior, E. E., Alvarado, T., et al. (2016). Is bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadomasochism recreational leisure? A descriptive exploratory investigation. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2016(13), 1091–1094.CrossRef Williams, D., Prior, E. E., Alvarado, T., et al. (2016). Is bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadomasochism recreational leisure? A descriptive exploratory investigation. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2016(13), 1091–1094.CrossRef
go back to reference Wilson, A. (2005). German dominatrices’ choices of working names as reflections of self-constructed social identity. Sexuality & Culture., 9(2), 31–41.CrossRef Wilson, A. (2005). German dominatrices’ choices of working names as reflections of self-constructed social identity. Sexuality & Culture., 9(2), 31–41.CrossRef
go back to reference Wood, E. A. (2000). Working in the fantasy factory: The attention hypothesis and the enacting of masculine power in strip clubs. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 29(1), 5–31.CrossRef Wood, E. A. (2000). Working in the fantasy factory: The attention hypothesis and the enacting of masculine power in strip clubs. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 29(1), 5–31.CrossRef
go back to reference Wright, S. (2006). Discrimination of SM-identified individuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 50(2), 217–231.PubMedCrossRef Wright, S. (2006). Discrimination of SM-identified individuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 50(2), 217–231.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J. (2008). Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 1816–1836.CrossRef Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J. (2008). Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 1816–1836.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Findommes, Cybermediated Sex Work, and Rinsing
Authors
Rosey McCracken
Belinda Brooks-Gordon
Publication date
04-09-2021
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Sexuality Research and Social Policy / Issue 4/2021
Print ISSN: 1868-9884
Electronic ISSN: 1553-6610
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-021-00609-3

Other articles of this Issue 4/2021

Sexuality Research and Social Policy 4/2021 Go to the issue