Skip to main content
Top

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Follow the People! Examining Migration Regimes through the Trajectories of Unauthorized Migrants

Authors : Anna Lipphardt, Inga Schwarz

Published in: Was ist ein Migrationsregime? What Is a Migration Regime?

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This article combines the perspective of the migration regime with a mobile research perspective focused on migratory trajectories to make visible the experience of unauthorized migrants navigating through a series of migration and border regimes between their original starting point and their eventual point of arrival. It draws on two case studies from our own research: Anna Lipphardt’s study on the transnational trajectories of Holocaust survivors from Vilna/Vilnius in the aftermath of the Second World War and Inga Schwarz’s on-going postdoctoral project on current movements of unauthorized migrants to, through and beyond Europe, by taking the Tri-State Area between Switzerland, Germany and France as a node and transit point. The concluding section addresses key conceptual and ethical challenges for trajectory analysis and discusses the insights to be gained from the conceptual integration of trajectory analysis into migration regime analysis.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
While the term Eigensinn carries neither a negative nor a positive connotation in German, equivalent terms in English such as obstinacy or stubbornness carry more negative weight. We have therefore decided to retain the German term for this article.
 
2
The respective English and French terms originate in military contexts, whereas the German term Handlungsspielraum refers to a theatrical context and literally means “the space (Raum) in which action (Handlung) happens (spielen)”. It implies room to try things out, but also limiting constraints.
 
3
Because of its multiethnic character, there are several toponyms for the city each inscribed with diverging political claims. In Yiddish, the city is called Vilne. In this chapter, Vilnius is used for the postwar context, while the English (and neutral) toponym Vilna is used for the prewar context, when the city was under Russian, and later Polish, rule.
 
4
Following Coutin (2005), we favor the term unauthorized to describe the movements of people without legal permission. Terms such as illegal, clandestine, irregular etc. carry negative connotations, which stretch beyond a mere description of the lack of legal authorization to enter a state’s territory or stay there. Scholarly consensus exists around the state-centered nature of these terms and their negative connotations (Kubal 2013; Andersson 2014; Smart and Zerilli 2014). In contrast, unauthorized refers to the state perspective, without implying a broader ‘illegality’ of the human being in question.
 
5
The account presented here is based on the historical introduction of the ethnographic study Lipphardt (2010), which explores communal memorial and cultural work in the aftermath of the Holocaust. It draws on three types of sources: (1) primary literature and archival material from the immediate post-war period, (2) memoirs and testimonies written (often decades) after the resettlement and (3) qualitative interviews with Holocaust survivors conducted between 2001 and 2004.
 
6
The available literature presents a highly fragmented picture of Jewish migration after the Holocaust, divided along conceptual lines based on the paradigm of national historiography and/or an epistemological framework attached to a specific place or area. For a more detailed discussion see Lipphardt (2015, p. 226 f.).
 
7
This number also includes some survivors from adjacent Jewish communities who came to the city after the ghettos in their hometowns had been “liquidated”.
 
8
This account is based on her memoire, Margules (1999). See also Lipphardt (2010, p. 147–149).
 
9
Fictitious name.
 
10
Brahim describes both periods of mobility and immobility on the travel route as burdensome whenever they represented a lack of the possibility to make his own decisions. Being in deportation centers was equally as problematic for him as being stuck in a dense network of people at a point of departure without outside contacts, experiencing inhuman working or housing conditions and enduring travel phases in which he was unable to rest his body and mind.
 
11
All citations in italics in this chapter stem from interviews conducted in November 2014 as part of the ongoing research project described above.
 
Literature
go back to reference Benz, Martina, and Helen Schwenken. 2005. Jenseits von Autonomie und Kontrolle. Migration als eigensinnige Praxis. Prokla Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 35:363–377. Benz, Martina, and Helen Schwenken. 2005. Jenseits von Autonomie und Kontrolle. Migration als eigensinnige Praxis. Prokla Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 35:363–377.
go back to reference Black, Richard. 2003. Breaking the Convention: Researching the ‘Illegal’ Migration of Refugees to Europe. Antipode 35 (1): 34–54.CrossRef Black, Richard. 2003. Breaking the Convention: Researching the ‘Illegal’ Migration of Refugees to Europe. Antipode 35 (1): 34–54.CrossRef
go back to reference Bojadžijev, Manuela, and Serhat Karakayalı. 2007. Autonomie der Migration. 10 Thesen zu einer Methode. In Turbulente Ränder. Neue Perspektiven auf Migration an den Grenzen Europas, ed. Transit Migration Forschungsgruppe, 203–243. Bielefeld: transcript. Bojadžijev, Manuela, and Serhat Karakayalı. 2007. Autonomie der Migration. 10 Thesen zu einer Methode. In Turbulente Ränder. Neue Perspektiven auf Migration an den Grenzen Europas, ed. Transit Migration Forschungsgruppe, 203–243. Bielefeld: transcript.
go back to reference Bojadžijev, Manuela, Serhat Karakayalı, and Vassilis Tsianos. 2003. Papers and Roses. Die Autonomie der Migration und der Kampf um Rechte. In radikal global. Bausteine für eine internationalistische Linke, ed. Bundeskoordination Internationalismus (BUKO), 196–208. Berlin: Assoziation A. Bojadžijev, Manuela, Serhat Karakayalı, and Vassilis Tsianos. 2003. Papers and Roses. Die Autonomie der Migration und der Kampf um Rechte. In radikal global. Bausteine für eine internationalistische Linke, ed. Bundeskoordination Internationalismus (BUKO), 196–208. Berlin: Assoziation A.
go back to reference Boutang, Yann Moulier. 1998. De l'esclavage au salariat. Economie historique du salariat bridé. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Boutang, Yann Moulier. 1998. De l'esclavage au salariat. Economie historique du salariat bridé. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
go back to reference Boutang, Yann Moulier. 2007. Europa, Autonomie der Migration, Biopolitik. In Empire und die biopolitische Wende. Die Internationale Diskussion im Anschluss an Negri und Hardt, eds. Marianne Pieper et al., 169–181. Frankfurt a. M.: Campus. Boutang, Yann Moulier. 2007. Europa, Autonomie der Migration, Biopolitik. In Empire und die biopolitische Wende. Die Internationale Diskussion im Anschluss an Negri und Hardt, eds. Marianne Pieper et al., 169–181. Frankfurt a. M.: Campus.
go back to reference Büscher, Monika, John Urry, and Katian Witchger, eds. 2011. Mobile Methods. London: Routledge. Büscher, Monika, John Urry, and Katian Witchger, eds. 2011. Mobile Methods. London: Routledge.
go back to reference Coutin, Susan Bibler. 2005. Being en route. American Anthropologist 107 (2): 195–206.CrossRef Coutin, Susan Bibler. 2005. Being en route. American Anthropologist 107 (2): 195–206.CrossRef
go back to reference Düvell, Franck, Anna Triandafyllidou, and Bastian Vollmer. 2009. Ethical Issues in Irregular Migration Research in Europe. Population, Space and Place 16 (3): 227–239. Düvell, Franck, Anna Triandafyllidou, and Bastian Vollmer. 2009. Ethical Issues in Irregular Migration Research in Europe. Population, Space and Place 16 (3): 227–239.
go back to reference Falzon, Marc-Anthony, ed. 2009. Multi-sited Ethnography. Theory, Praxis and Locality in Contemporary Research. Farnham: Ashgate. Falzon, Marc-Anthony, ed. 2009. Multi-sited Ethnography. Theory, Praxis and Locality in Contemporary Research. Farnham: Ashgate.
go back to reference Fincham, Ben, Mark McGuinness, and Lesley Murray, eds. 2010. Mobile Methodologies. London: Palgrave. Fincham, Ben, Mark McGuinness, and Lesley Murray, eds. 2010. Mobile Methodologies. London: Palgrave.
go back to reference Genova, Nicholas de, and Nathalie Mae Peutz, eds. 2010. The Deportation Regime. Sovereignty, Space, and the Freedom of Movement. Durham, NC: Duke UP. Genova, Nicholas de, and Nathalie Mae Peutz, eds. 2010. The Deportation Regime. Sovereignty, Space, and the Freedom of Movement. Durham, NC: Duke UP.
go back to reference Glick Schiller, Nina, and Andreas Wimmer. 2002. Methodological Nationalism and Beyond. Nation-State Building, Migration and the Social Sciences. Global Networks 2 (4): 301–334. Glick Schiller, Nina, and Andreas Wimmer. 2002. Methodological Nationalism and Beyond. Nation-State Building, Migration and the Social Sciences. Global Networks 2 (4): 301–334.
go back to reference Glick Schiller, Nina, and Noel B. Salazar, eds. 2013. Regimes of Mobility Across the Globe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39 (2): 183–200. Glick Schiller, Nina, and Noel B. Salazar, eds. 2013. Regimes of Mobility Across the Globe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39 (2): 183–200.
go back to reference Gross, Jan. 2006. Fear. Anti-semitism in Poland after Auschwitz. An Essay in Historical Interpretation. Princeton: Princeton UP. Gross, Jan. 2006. Fear. Anti-semitism in Poland after Auschwitz. An Essay in Historical Interpretation. Princeton: Princeton UP.
go back to reference Jansen, Yolande, Robin Celikates, and Joost de Bloois. 2014. The Irregularization of Migration in Contemporary Europe. Detention, Deportation, Drowning. London: Rowman & Littlefield International. Jansen, Yolande, Robin Celikates, and Joost de Bloois. 2014. The Irregularization of Migration in Contemporary Europe. Detention, Deportation, Drowning. London: Rowman & Littlefield International.
go back to reference Karakayalı, Serhat, and Vassilis Tsianos. 2005. Mapping the Order of New Migration. Undokumentierte Arbeit und die Autonomie der Migration. Peripherie. Zeitschrift für Politik und Ökonomie in der Dritten Welt 97/98: 35–64. Karakayalı, Serhat, and Vassilis Tsianos. 2005. Mapping the Order of New Migration. Undokumentierte Arbeit und die Autonomie der Migration. Peripherie. Zeitschrift für Politik und Ökonomie in der Dritten Welt 97/98: 35–64.
go back to reference Khosravi, Shahram. 2011. ‘Illegal’ Traveller. An Auto-Ethnography of Borders. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Khosravi, Shahram. 2011. ‘Illegal’ Traveller. An Auto-Ethnography of Borders. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
go back to reference Koslowski, Rey. 2011. Global Mobility Regimes. A Conceptual Framework. In Global Mobility Regimes, ed. Rey Koslowski, 1–27. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef Koslowski, Rey. 2011. Global Mobility Regimes. A Conceptual Framework. In Global Mobility Regimes, ed. Rey Koslowski, 1–27. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef
go back to reference Kubal, Agnieszka. 2013. Conceptualizing Semi-Legality in Migration Research. Law and Society Review 47:555–587.CrossRef Kubal, Agnieszka. 2013. Conceptualizing Semi-Legality in Migration Research. Law and Society Review 47:555–587.CrossRef
go back to reference Lipphardt, Anna. 2010. Vilne: die Juden aus Vilnius nach dem Holocaust. Eine transnationale Beziehungsgeschichte. Schöningh: Paderborn. Lipphardt, Anna. 2010. Vilne: die Juden aus Vilnius nach dem Holocaust. Eine transnationale Beziehungsgeschichte. Schöningh: Paderborn.
go back to reference Lipphardt, Anna. 2015. Communities on the Move. Reconsidering the History of East European jews After the Holocaust from a Landsmanschaften Perspective. East European Jewish Affairs 44:225–240.CrossRef Lipphardt, Anna. 2015. Communities on the Move. Reconsidering the History of East European jews After the Holocaust from a Landsmanschaften Perspective. East European Jewish Affairs 44:225–240.CrossRef
go back to reference Lucht, Hans. 2012. Darkness Before Daybreak. African Migrants Living on the Margins in Southern Italy Today. Berkeley: University of California Press. Lucht, Hans. 2012. Darkness Before Daybreak. African Migrants Living on the Margins in Southern Italy Today. Berkeley: University of California Press.
go back to reference Marcus, George E. 1995. Ethnography in/of the World System. The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology 24:95–117.CrossRef Marcus, George E. 1995. Ethnography in/of the World System. The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology 24:95–117.CrossRef
go back to reference Margules, Lily M. 1999. Memories, Memories... From Vilna to New York with a Few Stops Along the Way. A Collection of Essays. Annapolis, MD: ProStar Publications. Margules, Lily M. 1999. Memories, Memories... From Vilna to New York with a Few Stops Along the Way. A Collection of Essays. Annapolis, MD: ProStar Publications.
go back to reference Mezzadra, Sandro. 2011. The Gaze of Autonomy. Capitalism, Migration, and Social Struggles. In The Contested Politics of Mobility: Borderzones and Irregularity, ed. Vicky Squire, 121–142. London: Routledge. Mezzadra, Sandro. 2011. The Gaze of Autonomy. Capitalism, Migration, and Social Struggles. In The Contested Politics of Mobility: Borderzones and Irregularity, ed. Vicky Squire, 121–142. London: Routledge.
go back to reference Negt, Oskar, and Alexander Kluge. [1981] 2001. Geschichte und Eigensinn. Der unterschätzte Mensch. Gemeinsame Philosophie in zwei Bänden, vol. 2. Frankfurt a. M.: Zweitausendeins. Negt, Oskar, and Alexander Kluge. [1981] 2001. Geschichte und Eigensinn. Der unterschätzte Mensch. Gemeinsame Philosophie in zwei Bänden, vol. 2. Frankfurt a. M.: Zweitausendeins.
go back to reference Papadopoulos, Dimitris, Niamh Stephenson, and Vassilis Tsianos. 2008. Escape Routes. Control and Subversion in the Twenty-first Century. London: Pluto. Papadopoulos, Dimitris, Niamh Stephenson, and Vassilis Tsianos. 2008. Escape Routes. Control and Subversion in the Twenty-first Century. London: Pluto.
go back to reference Redlich, Shimon. 2010. Life in Transit. Jews in Postwar Lodz, 1945–1950. Boston: Academic Studies P. Redlich, Shimon. 2010. Life in Transit. Jews in Postwar Lodz, 1945–1950. Boston: Academic Studies P.
go back to reference Schapendonk, Joris. 2012. Migrants’ Im/Mobilities on Their Way to the EU: Lost in Transit? Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 103 (5): 577–583.CrossRef Schapendonk, Joris. 2012. Migrants’ Im/Mobilities on Their Way to the EU: Lost in Transit? Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 103 (5): 577–583.CrossRef
go back to reference Schapendonk, Joris, and Griet Steel. 2014. Following Migrant Trajectories: The Im/Mobility of Sub-Saharan Africans en Route to the European Union. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 104 (2): 262–270.CrossRef Schapendonk, Joris, and Griet Steel. 2014. Following Migrant Trajectories: The Im/Mobility of Sub-Saharan Africans en Route to the European Union. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 104 (2): 262–270.CrossRef
go back to reference Schuster, Liza. 2005. The Continuing Mobility of Migrants in Italy. Shifting Between Places and Statuses. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31 (4): 757–774.CrossRef Schuster, Liza. 2005. The Continuing Mobility of Migrants in Italy. Shifting Between Places and Statuses. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31 (4): 757–774.CrossRef
go back to reference Shamir, Ronen. 2005. Without Borders? Notes on Globalization as a Mobility Regime. Sociological Theory 23 (2): 197–217.CrossRef Shamir, Ronen. 2005. Without Borders? Notes on Globalization as a Mobility Regime. Sociological Theory 23 (2): 197–217.CrossRef
go back to reference Smart, Alan, and Filippo M. Zerilli. 2014. Extralegality. In A Companion to Urban Anthropology: vol. 26. Blackwell Companions to Anthropology, ed. Donald M. Nonini, 222–238. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Smart, Alan, and Filippo M. Zerilli. 2014. Extralegality. In A Companion to Urban Anthropology: vol. 26. Blackwell Companions to Anthropology, ed. Donald M. Nonini, 222–238. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
go back to reference Squire, Vicky, ed. 2011. The Contested Politics of Mobility. Borderzones and Irregularity. Abingdon: Routledge. Squire, Vicky, ed. 2011. The Contested Politics of Mobility. Borderzones and Irregularity. Abingdon: Routledge.
go back to reference Szaynok, Bożena. 1992. Pogrom Żydów w Kielcach 4 lipca 1946. Warsaw: Bellona. Szaynok, Bożena. 1992. Pogrom Żydów w Kielcach 4 lipca 1946. Warsaw: Bellona.
go back to reference Triulzi, Alessandro, and Robert L. McKenzie. 2013. Long Journeys. African Migrants on the Road. Leiden/Boston: Brill. Triulzi, Alessandro, and Robert L. McKenzie. 2013. Long Journeys. African Migrants on the Road. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
go back to reference Willen, Sarah S. 2007. Toward a Critical Phenomenology of ‘Illegality’. State Power, Criminalization, and Abjectivity among Undocumented Migrant Workers in Tel Aviv, Israel. International Migration 45 (3): 8–38. Willen, Sarah S. 2007. Toward a Critical Phenomenology of ‘Illegality’. State Power, Criminalization, and Abjectivity among Undocumented Migrant Workers in Tel Aviv, Israel. International Migration 45 (3): 8–38.
go back to reference Yerushalmi, Yosef Hayim. 1993. Ein Feld in Anatot. Zu einer Geschichte der jüdischen Hoffnung. In idem. Ein Feld in Anatot. Versuche über jüdische Geschichte, 81–95. Berlin: Wagenbach. Yerushalmi, Yosef Hayim. 1993. Ein Feld in Anatot. Zu einer Geschichte der jüdischen Hoffnung. In idem. Ein Feld in Anatot. Versuche über jüdische Geschichte, 81–95. Berlin: Wagenbach.
Metadata
Title
Follow the People! Examining Migration Regimes through the Trajectories of Unauthorized Migrants
Authors
Anna Lipphardt
Inga Schwarz
Copyright Year
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20532-4_8