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Models and Procedures of Product Development Read chapter Read first chapter

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

3. Foundations of Integrated Design Engineering

Author : Sándor Vajna

Published in: Integrated Design Engineering

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Integrated Design Engineering (IDE) is the further development and extension of the Magdeburg model of Integrated Product Development [Burc-2001, Sect. 1.5]. It also contains elements of dynamic product development [Otto-1996, Sect. 1.4], user-centred design [e.g. ISO 9241-210], sustainable product development [e.g. Rutt-2012, Chaps. 5 and 12], Design for X [BoDe-2003, Meer-1994] (Sect. 14.1.1) and work and organizational psychology [Aamo-2015]. IDE is human-centred, because the human being with his abilities, possibilities and qualifications is in the centre of all considerations within IDE with all his activities concerning planning, development, production, use, maintenance and re-circulation of products (and the possible impairments linked to these activities).

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previous chapter Products and Product Life Cycle in IDE
next chapter Human Centricity in IDE
Footnotes
1
In the context of IDE, a user is not a person whose actions are determined by the respective product. On the contrary, the user acts, when dealing with the product, autonomously, on his own responsibility, self-determined, appropriately and independently [following SuRK-2020, Frit-2020].
 
2
A customer formulates his demand for a product on the basis of his current needs and expectations, using his current level of knowledge. All these can change. The topicality and validity of his request are therefore limited in time. If these change, it must be possible to simply adapt the demand.
 
3
For example, the requirements for mobile phones in terms of performance, operability and usage behaviour, energy consumption, size and weight can only be met at a high level by interacting realizations in the disciplines of mechanics, electrics, electronics and software (=mechatronics).
 
4
When developing IDE, it was discovered during the naming process that the semantics of the English terms “design” and “engineering” can be used to cover a wider range of meanings than the German terms “Konstruktion” and “Ingenieursarbeit”.
 
5
For the different roles of a customer (buyer, user, sponsor/patron, affected persons), see Sect. 4.​3.
 
6
The target profile plays the same role as the specifications list used in other product development models, for example the VDI Guideline 2221 (Sect. 1.​1.​2; see also Sect. 19.​2.​1).
 
7
German and English names of the attributes have been chosen so that they can be interpreted unambiguously. This enables a clear and reproducible evaluation of the respective fulfilment of each attribute and the comparability of the attribute profiles of different products with each other.
 
8
In conventional approaches, the priority is usually on the fulfilment of the function, to which all other attributes must be subordinate, expressed in the statement that the form (as the most obvious characteristic of a product) must be subordinate to the function (“form follows function”).
 
9
Expectations are fed by recurring experiences that led to the same result. For example, experience has shown that a lever mounted to the left of the steering wheel is the turn signal lever for right-hand-driven vehicles.
 
10
Product Gestalt describes the conditions of perception to be created in the form of the design elements form, colour, material and surface and the design structure, in order to enable the use of a product in the sense of a perceptive human–product relationship.
 
11
As early as 1976, Hubka demanded ethical responsibility towards society and economy from the product developer [Hubk-1976].
 
12
This description corresponds to the definition of quality in ISO 9000:2005, according to which quality is the totality of the characteristics of a company with which (in relation to their usefulness) defined needs and implicit needs are met [DIN-9000].
 
13
For example, a multi-function lever on the steering wheel of a passenger car, which controls the indicators, windscreen wipers and various light functions, can be made of metal or plastic and mechanical and/or electronic switches can be used.
 
14
For example, in the case of the multi-function lever, the number of steps to vary the length of the interval between two movements of the windscreen wiper may differ from the required number for reasons of cost, scheduling, etc.
 
15
The performance excellence of the multi-function lever is expressed, for example, in the operability, detent, repeatability and durability of the gear steps.
 
16
Since such decisions are not made at the beginning of product development, the need to decide on the final realization forms of the product as late as possible in the development process is once again evident here.
 
17
For example, mobile phones are purchased primarily on the basis of appearance and ease of use (attributes Product Gestalt and Usability), because the user assumes that the required functions are available, the availability of the mobile phone is given and he is not interested in the maintainability or sustainability of the phone.
 
18
In such cases, usually the requirements of buyer and user are not overlapping. In the example, the buyer is interested in a robust, long-living product with low maintenance needs that can be used by several persons one after another. On the contrary, the user is looking for a wheelchair that can be easily and with high diversity customized to his individual needs.
 
19
For the sake of clarity, these steps are shown here in linear form. In fact, the implementation is partly carried out in parallel and in close co-ordination with the customer in order to take into account possible changing conditions early and in time, for example with the methods of Dynamic Navigation (Sect. 15.​7).
 
20
This was the case, for example, with the introduction of the iPhone in 2007, because before that there was no need for a smartphone on the market—this was first created by Steve Jobs (Apple).
 
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Metadata
Title
Foundations of Integrated Design Engineering
Author
Sándor Vajna
Copyright Year
2020
Book
Integrated Design Engineering

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-19356-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-19357-7

Copyright Year: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19357-7_3

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