Skip to main content
Top

2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

4. Green Economy as a Framework for Product-Service Systems Development: The Role of Sustainable Living Labs

Authors : Carolin Baedeker, Christa Liedtke, Maria Jolanta Welfens

Published in: Living Labs

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the role of Sustainable Living Labs for the implementation and diffusion of low resource and sustainable Product-Service Systems (SPSS) in a “Green Economy”. In recent years the concept of “Green Economy” has emerged as a strategic priority for governments and intergovernmental organisations. Several governmental and industrial strategies reflect aspects of a variety of its definition searching for implementation of its principles. Therefore, we will start off by giving an overview of different definitions of the green economy showing its relevance for micro-oriented approaches. Subsequently, eight key areas of intervention in a Green Economy, which set up the frame and orientation of our sustainable Living Lab (SLL) approach (Sect. 4.1), are presented. The Sect. 4.2 deals with the relevance of Living Labs for the transformation process of the socio-economic regime. This process consists of changing the production-consumption systems towards sustainability through modifying processes and SPSS on the micro level. SLL focuses on sustainability innovations and offers a number of new characteristics reflecting the intervention arenas, which are described in Sect. 4.3. The Sustainable Living Lab approach offers fundamental sustainability-oriented research infrastructure, in which relevant actors are actively integrated into the development, design and testing of new PSS aiming for the transition of our sociotechnical regime towards sustainability. SLL use a three-phase-model as their methodological framework, a description of which is also provided in Sect. 4.3. The actor integrated innovation process is described in a case study from Germany dealing with one of the most relevant areas of needs: heating and airing. It shows a high potential of social innovation for sustainable development. This could foster a more human need oriented and low investment technical development of low-resource SPSS. (see Sects. 4.4 and 4.5). The chapter concludes with an outlook (Sect. 4.6).

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
Evolutionary economics is a part of economics that is inspired by evolutionary biology. Much like mainstream economics it stresses complex interdependencies, competition, growth, structural change, and resource constraints but differs in the approaches which are used to analyze these phenomena (Friedmann 1998).
 
2
Assumptions for average households: Gas heating, 70 m2 living space with a heating energy demand of 100 kWh/m2/a and emissions of 0.2744 kg CO2-equiv. per kWh as well as costs of 6.52 Euro CT/kWh.
 
Literature
go back to reference Almirall, E. (2009). Understanding innovation as a collaborative. Ramon Llull: Co-Evolutionary Process. Almirall, E. (2009). Understanding innovation as a collaborative. Ramon Llull: Co-Evolutionary Process.
go back to reference Almirall, E., & Wareham, J. (2008). Living Labs and open innovation: Roles and applicability. The Electronic Journal for Virtual Organizations and Networks, 10(3), 21–46. Almirall, E., & Wareham, J. (2008). Living Labs and open innovation: Roles and applicability. The Electronic Journal for Virtual Organizations and Networks, 10(3), 21–46.
go back to reference Bakker, C., Eijk, D. v., Silvester, S., Reitenbach, M., Jong, A. d., & Keyson, D. (2010). Understanding and modelling user behaviour in relation to sustainable innovations: The LIVING LAB method. Paper presented at the TMCE, Ancona, Italy. Bakker, C., Eijk, D. v., Silvester, S., Reitenbach, M., Jong, A. d., & Keyson, D. (2010). Understanding and modelling user behaviour in relation to sustainable innovations: The LIVING LAB method. Paper presented at the TMCE, Ancona, Italy.
go back to reference Baedeker, C., Greiff, K., Grinewitschus, V., Hasselkuß, M., Keyson, D., Knutsson, J., et al. (2014). Transition through sustainable Product and Service Innovations in Sustainable Living Labs: application of user-centred research methodology within four Living Labs in Northern Europe. Paper presented at the 5th International Sustainable Transitions (IST) Conference, August 27–29, 2014, Utrecht, Netherlands. Baedeker, C., Greiff, K., Grinewitschus, V., Hasselkuß, M., Keyson, D., Knutsson, J., et al. (2014). Transition through sustainable Product and Service Innovations in Sustainable Living Labs: application of user-centred research methodology within four Living Labs in Northern Europe. Paper presented at the 5th International Sustainable Transitions (IST) Conference, August 27–29, 2014, Utrecht, Netherlands.
go back to reference Bergvall-Kåreborn, B., Ihlström Eriksson, C., Ståhlbröst, A., & Svensson, J. (2009). A milieu for innovation–defining Living Labs. 2nd ISPIM Innovation Symposium, New York, United States. Bergvall-Kåreborn, B., Ihlström Eriksson, C., Ståhlbröst, A., & Svensson, J. (2009). A milieu for innovation–defining Living Labs. 2nd ISPIM Innovation Symposium, New York, United States.
go back to reference BMBF (2014) Forschungsagenda Green Economy. Die neue Hightech-Strategie. Innovationen für Deutschland. Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF). BMBF (2014) Forschungsagenda Green Economy. Die neue Hightech-Strategie. Innovationen für Deutschland. Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF).
go back to reference Druckman, A., Chitnis, M., Sorrell, S., & Jackson, T. (2011). Missing carbon reductions? Exploring rebound and backfire effects in UK households. Energy Policy, 39(6), 3572–3581.CrossRef Druckman, A., Chitnis, M., Sorrell, S., & Jackson, T. (2011). Missing carbon reductions? Exploring rebound and backfire effects in UK households. Energy Policy, 39(6), 3572–3581.CrossRef
go back to reference EC (2011). Rio +20: Towards the Green Economy and better governance. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission (EC). EC (2011). Rio +20: Towards the Green Economy and better governance. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission (EC).
go back to reference EEA (2014). Resource-efficient Green Economy and EU policies. European Environment Agency (EEA). EEA Report 2/2014, 1–107. EEA (2014). Resource-efficient Green Economy and EU policies. European Environment Agency (EEA). EEA Report 2/2014, 1–107.
go back to reference EEA (2013). SOER 2015—The European environment—state and outlook 2015. EEA (2013). SOER 2015—The European environment—state and outlook 2015.
go back to reference Friedman, D. (1998). Evolutionary economics goes mainstream: A review of the theory of learning in games. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 8(4), 423–432.CrossRef Friedman, D. (1998). Evolutionary economics goes mainstream: A review of the theory of learning in games. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 8(4), 423–432.CrossRef
go back to reference Geels, F. (2004). From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory. Research Policy, 33, 897–920.CrossRef Geels, F. (2004). From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory. Research Policy, 33, 897–920.CrossRef
go back to reference Geels, F. (2010). Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective. Research Policy, 39, 495–510.CrossRef Geels, F. (2010). Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective. Research Policy, 39, 495–510.CrossRef
go back to reference Geels, F., & Schot, J. (2007). Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways. Research Policy, 36, 399–417.CrossRef Geels, F., & Schot, J. (2007). Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways. Research Policy, 36, 399–417.CrossRef
go back to reference Geibler, J., Baedeker, C., Hasselkuß, M., Jordan, N.D., & Rohn, H. (2012). Living Labs as a reflexive user-driven research infrastructure to promote sustainable consumption and production patterns: Experiences from exploratory research. In: 18th Annual Conference of the International Sustainable Development Research Society (ISDRS): Conference Proceedings. Hull. Geibler, J., Baedeker, C., Hasselkuß, M., Jordan, N.D., & Rohn, H. (2012). Living Labs as a reflexive user-driven research infrastructure to promote sustainable consumption and production patterns: Experiences from exploratory research. In: 18th Annual Conference of the International Sustainable Development Research Society (ISDRS): Conference Proceedings. Hull.
go back to reference Geibler, J., et al. (2015). Analyse von Visionen einer Green Economy. Wuppertal (upcoming): Schlüsseldimensionen für Living Labs in der Green Economy. Geibler, J., et al. (2015). Analyse von Visionen einer Green Economy. Wuppertal (upcoming): Schlüsseldimensionen für Living Labs in der Green Economy.
go back to reference Geibler, v. J., Erdmann, L., Liedtke, C., Rohn, H., Stabe, M., Berner, S., et al. (2014). Exploring the potential of a German Living Lab research infrastructure for the development of low resource products and services. Resources 2013, 575–598. Geibler, v. J., Erdmann, L., Liedtke, C., Rohn, H., Stabe, M., Berner, S., et al. (2014). Exploring the potential of a German Living Lab research infrastructure for the development of low resource products and services. Resources 2013, 575–598.
go back to reference Grinewitschus, V., Lovric, T., Rumler, N. (2013). Influence of user behavior and home automation on energy consumption. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting (EEDAL13), Coimbra, Portugal, pp. 11–13. Grinewitschus, V., Lovric, T., Rumler, N. (2013). Influence of user behavior and home automation on energy consumption. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting (EEDAL13), Coimbra, Portugal, pp. 11–13.
go back to reference IEA. (2012). World energy outlook 2012. International Energy Agency (IEA): Paris, France.CrossRef IEA. (2012). World energy outlook 2012. International Energy Agency (IEA): Paris, France.CrossRef
go back to reference Irwin, Terry (2011). Design for a Sustainabel future. In J. C. Hershauer, G. Basile & S. G. McNall (Eds.), (pp. 41–60). Santa Barbara: The Business of Sustainability. Irwin, Terry (2011). Design for a Sustainabel future. In J. C. Hershauer, G. Basile & S. G. McNall (Eds.), (pp. 41–60). Santa Barbara: The Business of Sustainability.
go back to reference Jong, A. d., Krekeler, M., Lettenmeier, M., Liedtke, C., Pohling, A., Welfens, J. M. (2010). Overall research agenda for the European LIVING LAB network. Deliverable D 4.5, internal paper. Jong, A. d., Krekeler, M., Lettenmeier, M., Liedtke, C., Pohling, A., Welfens, J. M. (2010). Overall research agenda for the European LIVING LAB network. Deliverable D 4.5, internal paper.
go back to reference Kleinhückelkotten, S. (2005). Suffizienz und Lebensstile. Berlin, Germany: Ansätze für eine milieuorientierte Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation. Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag. Kleinhückelkotten, S. (2005). Suffizienz und Lebensstile. Berlin, Germany: Ansätze für eine milieuorientierte Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation. Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag.
go back to reference Lettenmeier, M., Liedtke, C., & Rohn, H. (2014). Eight tons of material footprint—suggestion for a resource cap for household consumption in Finland. Resources, 2014(3), 488–515.CrossRef Lettenmeier, M., Liedtke, C., & Rohn, H. (2014). Eight tons of material footprint—suggestion for a resource cap for household consumption in Finland. Resources, 2014(3), 488–515.CrossRef
go back to reference Liedtke, C., Baedeker, C., & Borrelli, L. M. (2015a). Stellschrauben für Nachhaltigkeit: Trends und Verantwortungen in Produktion und Konsum. In: M. Roth, C. Ulbert & T. Debiel (Eds.), Stiftung Entwicklung und Frieden, Institut für Entwicklung und Frieden, Käte Hamburger Kolleg/Centre for Global Cooperation Research: Globale Trends 2015 (pp. 299–314). Frankfurt, Germany: S. Fischer Verlag. Liedtke, C., Baedeker, C., & Borrelli, L. M. (2015a). Stellschrauben für Nachhaltigkeit: Trends und Verantwortungen in Produktion und Konsum. In: M. Roth, C. Ulbert & T. Debiel (Eds.), Stiftung Entwicklung und Frieden, Institut für Entwicklung und Frieden, Käte Hamburger Kolleg/Centre for Global Cooperation Research: Globale Trends 2015 (pp. 299–314). Frankfurt, Germany: S. Fischer Verlag.
go back to reference Liedtke, C., Baedeker, C., & Borrelli, L. M. (2015b). Transformation towards a sustainable society—key intervention area. Innovative Energy and Research, 4(2), 1–10. Liedtke, C., Baedeker, C., & Borrelli, L. M. (2015b). Transformation towards a sustainable society—key intervention area. Innovative Energy and Research, 4(2), 1–10.
go back to reference Liedtke, C., Baedeker, C., Hasselkuß, M., Rohn, H., & Grinewitschus, V. (2015c). User-integrated innovation in Sustainable Living Labs: an experimental intrastructure for researching and developing sustainable product service systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 97, 106–116. Liedtke, C., Baedeker, C., Hasselkuß, M., Rohn, H., & Grinewitschus, V. (2015c). User-integrated innovation in Sustainable Living Labs: an experimental intrastructure for researching and developing sustainable product service systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 97, 106–116.
go back to reference Liedtke, C., Buhl, J. & Ameli, N. (2013a). Designing value through less by integrating sustainability strategies into lifestyles. International Journal of Sustainable Design, 2(2), 167–180. Liedtke, C., Buhl, J. & Ameli, N. (2013a). Designing value through less by integrating sustainability strategies into lifestyles. International Journal of Sustainable Design, 2(2), 167–180.
go back to reference Liedtke, C., Buhl, J., & Ameli, N. (2013b). Microfoundations for sustainable growth with eco-intelligent product service arrangements. Sustainability, 5(3), 1141–1160.CrossRef Liedtke, C., Buhl, J., & Ameli, N. (2013b). Microfoundations for sustainable growth with eco-intelligent product service arrangements. Sustainability, 5(3), 1141–1160.CrossRef
go back to reference Liedtke, C., Baedeker, C., von Geibler, J., Hasselkuß, M. (2012a). User-integrated innovation: Sustainable Living Labs. In V. Fricke, U. Schrader & V. W. Thoresen (Eds.), 2nd PERL International Conference “Beyond Consumption—Pathways to Responsible Living”: Conference Proceedings, March 19–20, 2012 (pp. 203–219). Berlin, Germany: Technical University. Liedtke, C., Baedeker, C., von Geibler, J., Hasselkuß, M. (2012a). User-integrated innovation: Sustainable Living Labs. In V. Fricke, U. Schrader & V. W. Thoresen (Eds.), 2nd PERL International Conference “Beyond Consumption—Pathways to Responsible Living”: Conference Proceedings, March 19–20, 2012 (pp. 203–219). Berlin, Germany: Technical University.
go back to reference Liedtke, C., Welfens, M. J., Rohn, H., & Nordmann, J. (2012b). LIVING LAB: User-driven innovation for sustainability. In International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, Vol. 13, 2/2012, pp. 106—118. Liedtke, C., Welfens, M. J., Rohn, H., & Nordmann, J. (2012b). LIVING LAB: User-driven innovation for sustainability. In International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, Vol. 13, 2/2012, pp. 106—118.
go back to reference Liedtke, C., Welfens, M. J., Schaefer, I., Stengel, O., & Onischka, M. (2008a). Didaktische Module “Vom Wissen zum Handeln”, Modul “Wirtschaft/Neue Wirtschaftsordnung, (WIN)”. Stiftung Forum für Verantwortung, ASKO EUROPA-STIFTUNG, Europäische Akademie Otzenhausen. Wuppertal Institute: Wuppertal, Germany. Liedtke, C., Welfens, M. J., Schaefer, I., Stengel, O., & Onischka, M. (2008a). Didaktische Module “Vom Wissen zum Handeln”, Modul “Wirtschaft/Neue Wirtschaftsordnung, (WIN)”. Stiftung Forum für Verantwortung, ASKO EUROPA-STIFTUNG, Europäische Akademie Otzenhausen. Wuppertal Institute: Wuppertal, Germany.
go back to reference Liedtke, C. Lettenmeier, M., & Welfens, M. J (2008b). Major results of social science research concerning consumer behaviour, sustainability and innovations, draft paper for internal Workshop in the EU-project: Design Study for the LIVING LAB Research Infrastructure, to research human interaction with, and stimulate the adoption of, sustainable, smart and healthy innovations around the home, Wuppertal September 2008. Liedtke, C. Lettenmeier, M., & Welfens, M. J (2008b). Major results of social science research concerning consumer behaviour, sustainability and innovations, draft paper for internal Workshop in the EU-project: Design Study for the LIVING LAB Research Infrastructure, to research human interaction with, and stimulate the adoption of, sustainable, smart and healthy innovations around the home, Wuppertal September 2008.
go back to reference Manzini, E. (2015). Design when everybody designs: An introduction to design for social innovation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Manzini, E. (2015). Design when everybody designs: An introduction to design for social innovation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
go back to reference Mulder, I., & Stappers, P. J. (2009). Co-creating in practice: Results and challenges. In Collaborative Innovation: Emerging Technologies, Environments and Communities (Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising: ICE 2009, (pp. 1–8). Mulder, I., & Stappers, P. J. (2009). Co-creating in practice: Results and challenges. In Collaborative Innovation: Emerging Technologies, Environments and Communities (Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising: ICE 2009, (pp. 1–8).
go back to reference Mulder, I., Velthausz, D., & Kriens, M. (2008). The Living Labs harmonization cube: communicating Living Labs’ ESSENTIALS. eJOV Executive The Electronic Journal for Virtual Organization and Networks, 10, 14. Mulder, I., Velthausz, D., & Kriens, M. (2008). The Living Labs harmonization cube: communicating Living Labs’ ESSENTIALS. eJOV Executive The Electronic Journal for Virtual Organization and Networks, 10, 14.
go back to reference OECD. (2011). Towards green growth. Paris, France: OECD Green Growth Studies. OECD Publishing. OECD. (2011). Towards green growth. Paris, France: OECD Green Growth Studies. OECD Publishing.
go back to reference Pallot, M. et al. (2010). Living Lab research landscape: From user centred design and user experience towards user co-creation. In First European Summer School “Living Labs”. Pallot, M. et al. (2010). Living Lab research landscape: From user centred design and user experience towards user co-creation. In First European Summer School “Living Labs”.
go back to reference Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin, F. S. III, & Lambin, E. (2009). Planetary boundaries: Exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and Society, 14(2), 1–32. Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin, F. S. III, & Lambin, E. (2009). Planetary boundaries: Exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and Society, 14(2), 1–32.
go back to reference Schmidt-Bleek, F. (1994). Wieviel Umwelt braucht der Mensch? MIPS, das Maß für ökologisches Wirtschaften, Berlin/Basel/Boston. Schmidt-Bleek, F. (1994). Wieviel Umwelt braucht der Mensch? MIPS, das Maß für ökologisches Wirtschaften, Berlin/Basel/Boston.
go back to reference Schmidt -Bleek, F., & Tischner, U. (1995). Produktentwicklung, Nutzen gestalten—Natur schonen, Wirtschaftskammer Österreich (WIFI Broschüre Nr. 270), Wien. Schmidt -Bleek, F., & Tischner, U. (1995). Produktentwicklung, Nutzen gestalten—Natur schonen, Wirtschaftskammer Österreich (WIFI Broschüre Nr. 270), Wien.
go back to reference Schmidt-Bleek, F. (1998). Das MIPS-Konzept. Weniger Naturverbrauch, mehr Lebensqualität durch Faktor 10. München. Schmidt-Bleek, F. (1998). Das MIPS-Konzept. Weniger Naturverbrauch, mehr Lebensqualität durch Faktor 10. München.
go back to reference Schmidt-Bleek, F. (2007). Nutzen wir die Erde richtig? Frankfurt am Main. Schmidt-Bleek, F. (2007). Nutzen wir die Erde richtig? Frankfurt am Main.
go back to reference Shove, E., Pantzar, M., & Watson, M. (2012). The dynamics of social practices. SAGE: London, United Kingdom.CrossRef Shove, E., Pantzar, M., & Watson, M. (2012). The dynamics of social practices. SAGE: London, United Kingdom.CrossRef
go back to reference Sorrell, S. (2007). The rebound effect: An assessment of the evidence for economywide energy savings from improved energy efficiency. London: UK Energy Research Centre. Sorrell, S. (2007). The rebound effect: An assessment of the evidence for economywide energy savings from improved energy efficiency. London: UK Energy Research Centre.
go back to reference Strünck, C., Arens-Azevêdo, U., Brönneke, T., Hagen, K., Jaquemoth, M., & Kenning, P. (2012). Ist der “mündige Verbraucher” ein Mythos? Auf dem Weg zu einer realistischen Verbraucherpolitik. Stellungnahme des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats Verbraucher- und Ernährungspolitik beim Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz (BMELV). Strünck, C., Arens-Azevêdo, U., Brönneke, T., Hagen, K., Jaquemoth, M., & Kenning, P. (2012). Ist der “mündige Verbraucher” ein Mythos? Auf dem Weg zu einer realistischen Verbraucherpolitik. Stellungnahme des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats Verbraucher- und Ernährungspolitik beim Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz (BMELV).
go back to reference UNEP. (2011). Towards a green economy: Pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): Nairobi, Kenya. UNEP. (2011). Towards a green economy: Pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): Nairobi, Kenya.
go back to reference UNEP (2012). GEO5. Global environment outlook: Environment for the future we want. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): Nairobi, Kenya. UNEP (2012). GEO5. Global environment outlook: Environment for the future we want. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): Nairobi, Kenya.
go back to reference Walker, S. (2006). Sustainable by design: Explorations in theory and practice. London: Earthscan. Walker, S. (2006). Sustainable by design: Explorations in theory and practice. London: Earthscan.
go back to reference Walker, S. (2014). The dynamics of energy demand: Change, rhythm and synchronicity. Energy Research and Social Science, 1(2014), 49–55.CrossRef Walker, S. (2014). The dynamics of energy demand: Change, rhythm and synchronicity. Energy Research and Social Science, 1(2014), 49–55.CrossRef
go back to reference Welfens, M. J., Liedtke, C., Rohn, H., & Nordmann, J. (2010). Living Lab: Research and development of sustainable products and services through user-driven innovation in experimental-oriented environments. In ERSCP-EMSU Conference “Knowledge Collaboration and Learning for Sustainable Innovation”, Delft. Welfens, M. J., Liedtke, C., Rohn, H., & Nordmann, J. (2010). Living Lab: Research and development of sustainable products and services through user-driven innovation in experimental-oriented environments. In ERSCP-EMSU Conference “Knowledge Collaboration and Learning for Sustainable Innovation”, Delft.
go back to reference WWF. (2012). Building green economies: Creating prosperity for people and planet. WWF-UK: Godalming, United Kingdom. WWF. (2012). Building green economies: Creating prosperity for people and planet. WWF-UK: Godalming, United Kingdom.
Metadata
Title
Green Economy as a Framework for Product-Service Systems Development: The Role of Sustainable Living Labs
Authors
Carolin Baedeker
Christa Liedtke
Maria Jolanta Welfens
Copyright Year
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33527-8_4

Premium Partners