Skip to main content
Top

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

9. Hardness

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Methods for the measurement of rubber hardness by dead load methods and with durometers are described. Factors affecting hardness are considered together with apparent hardness and measurements on curved surfaces.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Soden A L. A Practical Manual of Rubber Hardness Testing, Maclaren and Sons, 1951. Soden A L. A Practical Manual of Rubber Hardness Testing, Maclaren and Sons, 1951.
2.
go back to reference Kucherskii A M, Kaporovskii B M. Polym. Test., 16, 5, 1997, p481. Kucherskii A M, Kaporovskii B M. Polym. Test., 16, 5, 1997, p481.
3.
go back to reference ISO 18517, 2015. Hardness testing - Introduction and guide. ISO 18517, 2015. Hardness testing - Introduction and guide.
4.
go back to reference ISO 48, 2010. Determination of Hardness (Hardness between 10 and 100 IRHD). ISO 48, 2010. Determination of Hardness (Hardness between 10 and 100 IRHD).
5.
6.
go back to reference Stiehler R D, Decker G E and Bullman G W. Proceedings of the Int. Rubb. Conf., Kuala Lumpur, 1975, p277. Stiehler R D, Decker G E and Bullman G W. Proceedings of the Int. Rubb. Conf., Kuala Lumpur, 1975, p277.
7.
go back to reference Yeoh O H. Plast. Rubb. Process. Appln., 4, No. 2, 1984, p141. Yeoh O H. Plast. Rubb. Process. Appln., 4, No. 2, 1984, p141.
8.
go back to reference Briscoe B J, Sebastian K S, Adams M J. J Phys. D, 27, 6, 1994, p1156. Briscoe B J, Sebastian K S, Adams M J. J Phys. D, 27, 6, 1994, p1156.
9.
go back to reference Busfield J J C, Thomas A G. Rubb. Chem. & Technol., 72, 5, 1999, p876. Busfield J J C, Thomas A G. Rubb. Chem. & Technol., 72, 5, 1999, p876.
10.
go back to reference ISO 27588, 2012. Determination of dead-load hardness using the very low rubber hardness (VLRH) scale. ISO 27588, 2012. Determination of dead-load hardness using the very low rubber hardness (VLRH) scale.
11.
go back to reference Bassi A C, Casa F, Mendichi R. Polym. Test. 7, 3, 1987, p165. Bassi A C, Casa F, Mendichi R. Polym. Test. 7, 3, 1987, p165.
12.
go back to reference Brown R P and Hughes R C. RAPRA Bulletin, July 1972. Brown R P and Hughes R C. RAPRA Bulletin, July 1972.
13.
go back to reference ISO 7267-1, 2008. Rubber and plastics covered rollers - Method of test - Determination of apparent hardness (IRHD method). ISO 7267-1, 2008. Rubber and plastics covered rollers - Method of test - Determination of apparent hardness (IRHD method).
14.
go back to reference ISO 7267-2, 2008. Rubber and plastics covered rollers - Method of test – Determination of Shore hardness. ISO 7267-2, 2008. Rubber and plastics covered rollers - Method of test – Determination of Shore hardness.
15.
go back to reference ISO 7267-3, 2011. Rubber and plastics covered rollers - Method of test - Determination of apparent hardness by Pusey and Jones method. ISO 7267-3, 2011. Rubber and plastics covered rollers - Method of test - Determination of apparent hardness by Pusey and Jones method.
16.
17.
go back to reference ASTM D1414 2015. Standard test methods for rubber O-rings. ASTM D1414 2015. Standard test methods for rubber O-rings.
18.
go back to reference ASTM D531 2015. Pusey and Jones indentation. ASTM D531 2015. Pusey and Jones indentation.
19.
go back to reference ISO 7619-1 2004. Determination of indentation hardness - Durometer method (Shore hardness). ISO 7619-1 2004. Determination of indentation hardness - Durometer method (Shore hardness).
20.
go back to reference ISO 7619-2 2004. Determination of indentation hardness - IRHD pocket hardness meter. ISO 7619-2 2004. Determination of indentation hardness - IRHD pocket hardness meter.
21.
go back to reference Briscoe B J, Sebastian K S. Rubb. Chem. Technol., 66, 5, 1993, p827. Briscoe B J, Sebastian K S. Rubb. Chem. Technol., 66, 5, 1993, p827.
22.
go back to reference Qi H J, Joyce K, Boyce M C. Rubb. Chem & Tech., 76, 2, 2003, p419. Qi H J, Joyce K, Boyce M C. Rubb. Chem & Tech., 76, 2, 2003, p419.
23.
24.
go back to reference Mareanukroh M, Eby R K, Scavuzzo R J, Hamed G R, Preuschen J. Rubb. Chem. & Tech., 73, 5, 2000, p912. Mareanukroh M, Eby R K, Scavuzzo R J, Hamed G R, Preuschen J. Rubb. Chem. & Tech., 73, 5, 2000, p912.
25.
go back to reference Lacobescu G E, Balasoiu M, Bica I. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 26, 4, 2013, p785. Lacobescu G E, Balasoiu M, Bica I. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 26, 4, 2013, p785.
26.
go back to reference Bunty R, Shidner D. Rubber World, 248, 4, 2013, p32. Bunty R, Shidner D. Rubber World, 248, 4, 2013, p32.
27.
go back to reference Dickinson M E, Schirer J P. Materials Today, 12, 7-8, 2009, p46. Dickinson M E, Schirer J P. Materials Today, 12, 7-8, 2009, p46.
28.
go back to reference Unseld K, Albohr O, Herrmann V, Fuchs H B. Kautchuk und Gummi Kunststoffe, 53, 1-2, 2000, p52. Unseld K, Albohr O, Herrmann V, Fuchs H B. Kautchuk und Gummi Kunststoffe, 53, 1-2, 2000, p52.
29.
go back to reference Neideck K, Franzel W, Grau P J. Macromolecular Sci. B, B38, 5&6, 1999, p669. Neideck K, Franzel W, Grau P J. Macromolecular Sci. B, B38, 5&6, 1999, p669.
30.
go back to reference Li Z, BrokkeniZijp J C M, de With G. Polymer, 45, 16, 2004, p5403. Li Z, BrokkeniZijp J C M, de With G. Polymer, 45, 16, 2004, p5403.
31.
32.
33.
go back to reference Brown R P, Soekarnein A. Polym. Test., 10, 2, 1991, p117. Brown R P, Soekarnein A. Polym. Test., 10, 2, 1991, p117.
34.
go back to reference Kucherskii A M, Kaporovskii B M. Polym Test., 14, 3, 1995. Kucherskii A M, Kaporovskii B M. Polym Test., 14, 3, 1995.
35.
go back to reference ISO 18898 2016. Calibration and verification of hardness testers. ISO 18898 2016. Calibration and verification of hardness testers.
36.
37.
go back to reference Casa F, Fenzi M Tontodonati L. Polym. Test., 14, 4, 1995, p355. Casa F, Fenzi M Tontodonati L. Polym. Test., 14, 4, 1995, p355.
38.
go back to reference Lackovic S, Morgans R and Reynolds D. ACS Rubber Division Meeting, Cleveland, 21-24th October 1997, paper 4. Lackovic S, Morgans R and Reynolds D. ACS Rubber Division Meeting, Cleveland, 21-24th October 1997, paper 4.
39.
go back to reference Morgans R, Lackovic S, Cobbold P. International Rubber Conference, Manchester, 7-10th June 1999, materials paper 12. Morgans R, Lackovic S, Cobbold P. International Rubber Conference, Manchester, 7-10th June 1999, materials paper 12.
40.
go back to reference Hodson R, Lackovic S. Elastomery, 6, 3, 2002, p17. Hodson R, Lackovic S. Elastomery, 6, 3, 2002, p17.
41.
go back to reference Austrell P-E, Ahadi A. Constitutive Models for Rubber VIII, San Sebastion, 2013, Proceedings. Austrell P-E, Ahadi A. Constitutive Models for Rubber VIII, San Sebastion, 2013, Proceedings.
42.
go back to reference Kunz J, Studer M. Kunststoffe International, 96, 6, 2006, p92. Kunz J, Studer M. Kunststoffe International, 96, 6, 2006, p92.
43.
go back to reference Bielski D M. Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 62, 1-2, 2009, p50. Bielski D M. Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 62, 1-2, 2009, p50.
Metadata
Title
Hardness
Author
Roger Brown
Copyright Year
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66727-0_9

Premium Partners