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2018 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Physical Test Methods for Elastomers

Author: Roger Brown

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

This book provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of physical testing of elastomers (rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers) including mechanical, electrical, thermal and all aspects of durability. Elastomers are an important class of materials used in such products as tyres, seals and hose which have markedly different properties to other materials. The importance of testing of elastomers means that a comprehensive text on the subject is essential. The advantage over general materials testing books is being more specific while the advantage over general rubber technology books is that testing is dealt with in depth.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter

Before You Test

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
The aims, scope and format of the book on physical test methods for elastomers are discussed.
Roger Brown
Chapter 2. General Considerations
Abstract
A series of general matters pertaining to testing is discussed. This includes philosophy of testing, the sources of test pieces, test conditions, quality matters, test equipment and the particular cases of thermoplastic elastomers and product testing.
Roger Brown
Chapter 3. Standards
Abstract
The types of standard and the organisations that produce them are considered with particular reference to test methods and with details of ISO TC 45 for Rubber and Rubber Products.
Roger Brown
Chapter 4. Conditioning and Test Atmospheres
Abstract
The treatment of samples and test pieces during storage and conditioning before test is considered together with conditions during test.
Roger Brown

Processing and Preparation for Test

Frontmatter
Chapter 5. Processability
Abstract
The tests used to determine the processability and curing characteristics of rubber compounds before the product is formed are described and discussed.
Roger Brown
Chapter 6. Preparation of Test Pieces
Abstract
The preparation of test pieces for physical tests from mixing and moulding to cutting from sheet and finished products is described.
Roger Brown
Chapter 7. Mass, Density and Dimensions
Abstract
Methods for the measurement of mass, density and dimensions of rubber test pieces are given including dimensional stability, surface roughness and dispersion of fillers.
Roger Brown

Short Term Mechanical Properties

Frontmatter
Chapter 8. Stress and Strain Data
Abstract
This chapter outlines the stress/strain relationships that are relevant to the various stress/strain tests, including relations for hardness. Data for finite element analysis is also considered.
Roger Brown
Chapter 9. Hardness
Abstract
Methods for the measurement of rubber hardness by dead load methods and with durometers are described. Factors affecting hardness are considered together with apparent hardness and measurements on curved surfaces.
Roger Brown
Chapter 10. Tension
Abstract
Tests using deformation in tension, both uniaxial and multi-axial, are described. Standard test methods, apparatus, form of test pieces and expression of results are covered.
Roger Brown
Chapter 11. Compression
Abstract
Compression stress/strain tests are described including consideration of shape factor and bulk compression.
Roger Brown
Chapter 12. Shear and Flexure
Abstract
Test methods in both shear (simple and pure) and flexure modes of deformation are described.
Roger Brown
Chapter 13. Tear
Abstract
Test methods for measuring tear strength are described, including crescent, angle, trouser and Delft test pieces. The fracture mechanics approach of tearing energy is discussed.
Roger Brown

Time Dependent Properties

Frontmatter
Chapter 14. Dynamic Stress and Strain
Abstract
The principles of dynamic testing (cyclic deformation) using both free and forced vibration are discussed. Dynamic test methods are described, including the single cycle rebound resilience tests.
Roger Brown
Chapter 15. Creep, Relaxation and Set
Abstract
Test methods for creep, stress relaxation and set are described. This does not include stress relaxation tests in tension that are primarily intended as a measure of ageing, but does include both tension and compression set measurements.
Roger Brown

Physical Properties

Frontmatter
Chapter 16. Electrical Properties
Abstract
Test methods for electrical properties are described covering resistance, resistivity, charge, strength, tracking and permittivity. Where appropriate, both insulating and conductive materials are included.
Roger Brown
Chapter 17. Thermal Properties
Abstract
This chapter covers thermal property tests which are deemed to encompass thermal transport properties, specific heat and, briefly, some aspects of thermal analysis, but does not cover effects of temperature such as ageing and low temperature behaviour.
Roger Brown
Chapter 18. Permeability
Abstract
Tests for gas and vapour permeability of elastomers are described.
Roger Brown

Durability

Frontmatter
Chapter 19. Friction and Abrasion
Abstract
Test methods for friction and abrasion of elastomers are described together with outlining wear mechanisms, the role of standard rubbers and the variety of configurations for abrasion test apparatus.
Roger Brown
Chapter 20. Fatigue
Abstract
Tests for fatigue of rubber to produce cracking or crack growth and to cause heat build-up are described.
Roger Brown
Chapter 21. Effect of Temperature
Abstract
Methods for measuring the effects of temperature on rubber, both in the short and long term, are described. This includes thermal expansion, glass transition, tests for low temperature resistance and thermal ageing.
Roger Brown
Chapter 22. Effect of Environment
Abstract
Test methods used to assess the effect of environment on rubbers include swelling and degradation by liquids, including water, ozone resistance, weathering, both accelerated and natural, biological, fire and radiation.
Roger Brown

Interaction with Other Materials

Frontmatter
Chapter 23. Adhesion
Abstract
Tests for the adhesion of rubber to other materials are described. This includes rubber to fabric and rubber to metals, but does not include rubber-based adhesives.
Roger Brown
Chapter 24. Corrosion and Staining
Abstract
Test methods for evaluating the effect of rubber on other materials are described. These tests cover corrosion of, and adhesion to, metals and the staining of organic materials.
Roger Brown
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Physical Test Methods for Elastomers
Author
Roger Brown
Copyright Year
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-66727-0
Print ISBN
978-3-319-66726-3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66727-0

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