Skip to main content
Top
Published in:
Cover of the book

2015 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

History and Prospects for First-Order Automated Deduction

Author : David A. Plaisted

Published in: Automated Deduction - CADE-25

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

On the fiftieth anniversary of the appearance of Robinson’s resolution paper [57], it is appropriate to consider the history and status of theorem proving, as well as its possible future directions. Here we discuss the history of first-order theorem proving both before and after 1965, with some personal reflections. We then generalize model-based reasoning to first-order provers, and discuss what it means for a prover to be goal sensitive. We also present a way to analyze asymptotically the size of the search space of a first-order prover in terms of the size of a minimal unsatisfiable set of ground instances of a set of first-order clauses.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
2.
go back to reference Bachmair, L., Dershowitz, N., Plaisted, D.: Completion without failure. In: Kaci, H.A., Nivat, M. (eds.) Resolution of Equations in Algebraic Structures Progress in Theoretical Computer Science. Rewriting Techniques, vol. 2, pp. 1–30. Academic Press, New York (1989) Bachmair, L., Dershowitz, N., Plaisted, D.: Completion without failure. In: Kaci, H.A., Nivat, M. (eds.) Resolution of Equations in Algebraic Structures Progress in Theoretical Computer Science. Rewriting Techniques, vol. 2, pp. 1–30. Academic Press, New York (1989)
3.
go back to reference Ballantyne, A., Bledsoe, W.: On generating and using examples in proof discovery. In: Hayes, J., Michie, D., Pao, Y.H. (eds.) Machine Intelligence, vol. 10, pp. 3–39. Ellis Horwood, Chichester (1982) Ballantyne, A., Bledsoe, W.: On generating and using examples in proof discovery. In: Hayes, J., Michie, D., Pao, Y.H. (eds.) Machine Intelligence, vol. 10, pp. 3–39. Ellis Horwood, Chichester (1982)
4.
go back to reference Baumgartner, P., Thorstensen, E.: Instance based methods - a brief overview. Ger. J. Artif. Intell. (KI) 24(1), 35–42 (2010) Baumgartner, P., Thorstensen, E.: Instance based methods - a brief overview. Ger. J. Artif. Intell. (KI) 24(1), 35–42 (2010)
5.
go back to reference Baumgartner, P., Tinelli, C.: The model evolution calculus as a first-order DPLL method. Artif. Intell. 172(4–5), 591–632 (2008)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Baumgartner, P., Tinelli, C.: The model evolution calculus as a first-order DPLL method. Artif. Intell. 172(4–5), 591–632 (2008)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
7.
go back to reference Billon, J.P.: The disconnection method. In: Miglioli, P., Moscato, U., Ornaghi, M., Mundici, D. (eds.) TABLEAUX 1996. LNCS, vol. 1071, pp. 110–126. Springer, Heidelberg (1996) CrossRef Billon, J.P.: The disconnection method. In: Miglioli, P., Moscato, U., Ornaghi, M., Mundici, D. (eds.) TABLEAUX 1996. LNCS, vol. 1071, pp. 110–126. Springer, Heidelberg (1996) CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Bledsoe, W.W.: Using examples to generate instantiations of set variables. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 892–901. William Kaufmann (1983) Bledsoe, W.W.: Using examples to generate instantiations of set variables. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 892–901. William Kaufmann (1983)
10.
go back to reference Bledsoe, W.W., Loveland, D.W. (eds.): Automated Theorem Proving: After 25 Years. Contemporary mathematics. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1984) MATH Bledsoe, W.W., Loveland, D.W. (eds.): Automated Theorem Proving: After 25 Years. Contemporary mathematics. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1984) MATH
11.
go back to reference Bonacina, M.P., Furbach, U., Sofronie-Stokkermans, V.: On first-order model-based reasoning. In: Martí-Oliet, N., Olveczky, P., Talcott, C. (eds.) Logic, Rewriting, and Concurrency: Essays in Honor of José Meseguer. LNCS, vol. 9200, Springer, Heidelberg (2015, to appear) Bonacina, M.P., Furbach, U., Sofronie-Stokkermans, V.: On first-order model-based reasoning. In: Martí-Oliet, N., Olveczky, P., Talcott, C. (eds.) Logic, Rewriting, and Concurrency: Essays in Honor of José Meseguer. LNCS, vol. 9200, Springer, Heidelberg (2015, to appear)
12.
go back to reference Bonacina, M.P., Plaisted, D.A.: SGGS theorem proving: an exposition. In: Konev, B., Moura, L.D., Schulz, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Practical Aspects in Automated Reasoning, EasyChair Proceedings in Computing (2014, to appear) Bonacina, M.P., Plaisted, D.A.: SGGS theorem proving: an exposition. In: Konev, B., Moura, L.D., Schulz, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Practical Aspects in Automated Reasoning, EasyChair Proceedings in Computing (2014, to appear)
13.
go back to reference Chang, C., Lee, R.: Symbolic Logic and Mechanical Theorem Proving. Academic Press, New York (1973)MATH Chang, C., Lee, R.: Symbolic Logic and Mechanical Theorem Proving. Academic Press, New York (1973)MATH
14.
go back to reference Chu, H., Plaisted, D.: Semantically guided first-order theorem proving using hyper-linking. In: Bundy, A. (ed.) CADE 1994. LNCS, vol. 814, pp. 192–206. Springer, Heidelberg (1994) CrossRef Chu, H., Plaisted, D.: Semantically guided first-order theorem proving using hyper-linking. In: Bundy, A. (ed.) CADE 1994. LNCS, vol. 814, pp. 192–206. Springer, Heidelberg (1994) CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Claessen, K.: Equinox, a new theorem prover for full first-order logic with equality (2005). Presented at Dagstuhl Seminar on Deduction and Applications Claessen, K.: Equinox, a new theorem prover for full first-order logic with equality (2005). Presented at Dagstuhl Seminar on Deduction and Applications
16.
go back to reference Davis, M.: Eliminating the irrelevant from machanical proofs. In: Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics, vol. 15, pp. 15–30 (1963) Davis, M.: Eliminating the irrelevant from machanical proofs. In: Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics, vol. 15, pp. 15–30 (1963)
20.
go back to reference Dubois, O.: Upper bounds on the satisfiability threshold. Theor. Comput. Sci. 265(1–2), 187–197 (2001)CrossRefMATH Dubois, O.: Upper bounds on the satisfiability threshold. Theor. Comput. Sci. 265(1–2), 187–197 (2001)CrossRefMATH
21.
go back to reference Feigenbaum, E.A., Feldman, J.: Computers and Thought. McGraw-Hill, New York (1963)MATH Feigenbaum, E.A., Feldman, J.: Computers and Thought. McGraw-Hill, New York (1963)MATH
22.
go back to reference Gaillourdet, J.-M., Hillenbrand, T., Löchner, B., Spies, H.: The new WALDMEISTER loop at work. In: Baader, F. (ed.) CADE 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2741, pp. 317–321. Springer, Heidelberg (2003) CrossRef Gaillourdet, J.-M., Hillenbrand, T., Löchner, B., Spies, H.: The new WALDMEISTER loop at work. In: Baader, F. (ed.) CADE 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2741, pp. 317–321. Springer, Heidelberg (2003) CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Gelernter, H., Hansen, J., Loveland, D.: Empirical explorations of the geometry theorem proving machine. In: Feigenbaum, E., Feldman, J. (eds.) Computers and Thought, pp. 153–167. McGraw-Hill, New York (1963) Gelernter, H., Hansen, J., Loveland, D.: Empirical explorations of the geometry theorem proving machine. In: Feigenbaum, E., Feldman, J. (eds.) Computers and Thought, pp. 153–167. McGraw-Hill, New York (1963)
24.
go back to reference Giesl, J., Schneider-Kamp, P., Thiemann, R.: AProVE 1.2: automatic termination proofs in the dependency pair framework. In: Furbach, U., Shankar, N. (eds.) IJCAR 2006. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4130, pp. 281–286. Springer, Heidelberg (2006) CrossRef Giesl, J., Schneider-Kamp, P., Thiemann, R.: AProVE 1.2: automatic termination proofs in the dependency pair framework. In: Furbach, U., Shankar, N. (eds.) IJCAR 2006. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4130, pp. 281–286. Springer, Heidelberg (2006) CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Green, C.: Application of theorem proving to problem solving. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 219–239. Morgan Kaufmann (1969) Green, C.: Application of theorem proving to problem solving. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 219–239. Morgan Kaufmann (1969)
27.
go back to reference Greenbaum, S., Nagasaka, A., O’Rorke, P., Plaisted, D.A.: Comparison of natural deduction and locking resolution implementations. In: Loveland, D. (ed.) 6th Conference on Automated Deduction. LNCS, vol. 138, pp. 159–171. Springer, Heidelberg (1982) CrossRef Greenbaum, S., Nagasaka, A., O’Rorke, P., Plaisted, D.A.: Comparison of natural deduction and locking resolution implementations. In: Loveland, D. (ed.) 6th Conference on Automated Deduction. LNCS, vol. 138, pp. 159–171. Springer, Heidelberg (1982) CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Huet, G., Oppen, D.C.: Equations and rewrite rules: a survey. In: Book, R. (ed.) Formal Language Theory: Perspectives and Open Problems, pp. 349–405. Academic Press, New York (1980) Huet, G., Oppen, D.C.: Equations and rewrite rules: a survey. In: Book, R. (ed.) Formal Language Theory: Perspectives and Open Problems, pp. 349–405. Academic Press, New York (1980)
29.
go back to reference Iturriaga, R.: Contributions to mechanical mathematics. Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1967) Iturriaga, R.: Contributions to mechanical mathematics. Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1967)
30.
go back to reference Jefferson, S., Plaisted, D.: Implementation of an improved relevance criterion. In: Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications, pp. 476–482. IEEE Computer Society Press (1984) Jefferson, S., Plaisted, D.: Implementation of an improved relevance criterion. In: Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications, pp. 476–482. IEEE Computer Society Press (1984)
32.
go back to reference Knuth, D., Bendix, P.: Simple word problems in universal algebras. In: Leech, J. (ed.) Computational Problems in Abstract Algebra, pp. 263–297. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1970) Knuth, D., Bendix, P.: Simple word problems in universal algebras. In: Leech, J. (ed.) Computational Problems in Abstract Algebra, pp. 263–297. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1970)
33.
go back to reference Korovin, K., Sticksel, C.: iProver-eq: an instantiation-based theorem prover with equality. In: Giesl, J., Hähnle, R. (eds.) IJCAR 2010. LNCS, vol. 6173, pp. 196–202. Springer, Heidelberg (2010) CrossRef Korovin, K., Sticksel, C.: iProver-eq: an instantiation-based theorem prover with equality. In: Giesl, J., Hähnle, R. (eds.) IJCAR 2010. LNCS, vol. 6173, pp. 196–202. Springer, Heidelberg (2010) CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Lankford, D.: Canonical algebraic simplification in computational logic. Technical report, Memo ATP-25, University of Texas, Austin, Texas (1975) Lankford, D.: Canonical algebraic simplification in computational logic. Technical report, Memo ATP-25, University of Texas, Austin, Texas (1975)
35.
37.
go back to reference Manthey, R., Bry, F.: SATCHMO: a theorem prover implemented in prolog. In: Lusk, E., Overbeek, R. (eds.) 9th International Conference on Automated Deduction. LNCS, vol. 310, pp. 415–434. Springer, Heidelberg (1988) CrossRef Manthey, R., Bry, F.: SATCHMO: a theorem prover implemented in prolog. In: Lusk, E., Overbeek, R. (eds.) 9th International Conference on Automated Deduction. LNCS, vol. 310, pp. 415–434. Springer, Heidelberg (1988) CrossRef
38.
go back to reference McCune, W.W.: Otter 3.0 reference manual and guide. Technical report, ANL-94/6, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (1994) McCune, W.W.: Otter 3.0 reference manual and guide. Technical report, ANL-94/6, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (1994)
39.
go back to reference Musser, D.: On proving inductive properties of abstract data types. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, pp. 154–162. ACM Press (1980) Musser, D.: On proving inductive properties of abstract data types. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, pp. 154–162. ACM Press (1980)
41.
go back to reference Otten, J.: PleanCoP 2.0 and ileanCoP 1.2: high performance lean theorem proving in classical and intuitionistic logic (system descriptions). In: Armando, A., Baumgartner, P., Dowek, G. (eds.) IJCAR 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5195, pp. 283–291. Springer, Heidelberg (2008) CrossRef Otten, J.: PleanCoP 2.0 and ileanCoP 1.2: high performance lean theorem proving in classical and intuitionistic logic (system descriptions). In: Armando, A., Baumgartner, P., Dowek, G. (eds.) IJCAR 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5195, pp. 283–291. Springer, Heidelberg (2008) CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Paramasivam, M., Plaisted, D.: A replacement rule theorem prover. J. Autom. Reasoning 18(2), 221–226 (1997)CrossRef Paramasivam, M., Plaisted, D.: A replacement rule theorem prover. J. Autom. Reasoning 18(2), 221–226 (1997)CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Plaisted, D.: A recursively defined ordering for proving termination of term rewriting systems. Technical report, R-78-943, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (1978) Plaisted, D.: A recursively defined ordering for proving termination of term rewriting systems. Technical report, R-78-943, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (1978)
45.
go back to reference Plaisted, D.: Well-founded orderings for proving termination of systems of rewrite rules. Technical report, R-78-932, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (1978) Plaisted, D.: Well-founded orderings for proving termination of systems of rewrite rules. Technical report, R-78-932, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (1978)
46.
go back to reference Plaisted, D.: An efficient relevance criterion for mechanical theorem proving. In: Proceedings of the 1st Annual National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 79–83. AAAI Press (1980) Plaisted, D.: An efficient relevance criterion for mechanical theorem proving. In: Proceedings of the 1st Annual National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 79–83. AAAI Press (1980)
49.
go back to reference Plaisted, D., Zhu, Y.: The Efficiency of Theorem Proving Strategies: A Comparative and Asymptotic Analysis. Vieweg, Wiesbaden (1997)CrossRefMATH Plaisted, D., Zhu, Y.: The Efficiency of Theorem Proving Strategies: A Comparative and Asymptotic Analysis. Vieweg, Wiesbaden (1997)CrossRefMATH
50.
53.
go back to reference Reif, W., Schellhorn, G.: Theorem proving in large theories. In: Bibel, W., Schmitt, P.H. (eds.) Automated Deduction - A Basis for Applications. Applied Logic Series, vol. 10, pp. 225–241. Springer, Heidelberg (1998) CrossRef Reif, W., Schellhorn, G.: Theorem proving in large theories. In: Bibel, W., Schmitt, P.H. (eds.) Automated Deduction - A Basis for Applications. Applied Logic Series, vol. 10, pp. 225–241. Springer, Heidelberg (1998) CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Riazanov, A., Voronkov, A.: Vampire. In: Ganzinger, H. (ed.) CADE 1999. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1632, pp. 292–296. Springer, Heidelberg (1999) CrossRef Riazanov, A., Voronkov, A.: Vampire. In: Ganzinger, H. (ed.) CADE 1999. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1632, pp. 292–296. Springer, Heidelberg (1999) CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Robinson, A., Voronkov, A. (eds.): Handbook of Automated Reasoning. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2001)MATH Robinson, A., Voronkov, A. (eds.): Handbook of Automated Reasoning. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2001)MATH
56.
go back to reference Robinson, J.: Automatic deduction with hyper-resolution. Int. J. Comput. Math. 1(3), 227–234 (1965)MATH Robinson, J.: Automatic deduction with hyper-resolution. Int. J. Comput. Math. 1(3), 227–234 (1965)MATH
57.
go back to reference Robinson, J.: A machine-oriented logic based on the resolution principle. J. ACM 12(1), 23–41 (1965)CrossRefMATH Robinson, J.: A machine-oriented logic based on the resolution principle. J. ACM 12(1), 23–41 (1965)CrossRefMATH
58.
go back to reference Schulz, S.: System description: E 1.8. In: McMillan, K., Middeldorp, A., Voronkov, A. (eds.) LPAR-19 2013. LNCS, vol. 8312, pp. 735–743. Springer, Heidelberg (2013) CrossRef Schulz, S.: System description: E 1.8. In: McMillan, K., Middeldorp, A., Voronkov, A. (eds.) LPAR-19 2013. LNCS, vol. 8312, pp. 735–743. Springer, Heidelberg (2013) CrossRef
59.
go back to reference Siekmann, J., Wrightson, G. (eds.): Automation of Reasoning 1: Classical Papers on Computational Logic 1957–1966. Symbolic Computation. Springer, Heidelberg (1983) MATH Siekmann, J., Wrightson, G. (eds.): Automation of Reasoning 1: Classical Papers on Computational Logic 1957–1966. Symbolic Computation. Springer, Heidelberg (1983) MATH
60.
go back to reference Siekmann, J., Wrightson, G. (eds.): Automation of Reasoning 2: Classical Papers on Computational Logic 1967–1970. Symbolic Computation. Springer, Heidelberg (1983) MATH Siekmann, J., Wrightson, G. (eds.): Automation of Reasoning 2: Classical Papers on Computational Logic 1967–1970. Symbolic Computation. Springer, Heidelberg (1983) MATH
61.
go back to reference Letz, R., Stenz, G.: DCTP - a disconnection calculus theorem prover - system abstract. In: Goré, R.P., Leitsch, A., Nipkow, T. (eds.) IJCAR 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2083, pp. 381–385. Springer, Heidelberg (2001) CrossRef Letz, R., Stenz, G.: DCTP - a disconnection calculus theorem prover - system abstract. In: Goré, R.P., Leitsch, A., Nipkow, T. (eds.) IJCAR 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2083, pp. 381–385. Springer, Heidelberg (2001) CrossRef
63.
go back to reference Stickel, M.: A prolog technology theorem prover: implementation by an extended prolog compiler. J. Autom. Reasoning 4(4), 353–380 (1988)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Stickel, M.: A prolog technology theorem prover: implementation by an extended prolog compiler. J. Autom. Reasoning 4(4), 353–380 (1988)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
64.
go back to reference Sutcliffe, G.: The TPTP problem library and associated infrastructure - the FOF and CNF parts, v3.5.0. J. Autom. Reasoning 43(4), 337–362 (2009)CrossRefMATH Sutcliffe, G.: The TPTP problem library and associated infrastructure - the FOF and CNF parts, v3.5.0. J. Autom. Reasoning 43(4), 337–362 (2009)CrossRefMATH
65.
go back to reference Sutcliffe, G., Puzis, Y.: SRASS - a semantic relevance axiom selection system. In: Pfenning, F. (ed.) CADE 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4603, pp. 295–310. Springer, Heidelberg (2007) CrossRef Sutcliffe, G., Puzis, Y.: SRASS - a semantic relevance axiom selection system. In: Pfenning, F. (ed.) CADE 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4603, pp. 295–310. Springer, Heidelberg (2007) CrossRef
66.
go back to reference Weidenbach, C., Dimova, D., Fietzke, A., Kumar, R., Suda, M., Wischnewski, P.: SPASS version 3.5. In: Schmidt, R.A. (ed.) CADE-22. LNCS, vol. 5663, pp. 140–145. Springer, Heidelberg (2009) CrossRef Weidenbach, C., Dimova, D., Fietzke, A., Kumar, R., Suda, M., Wischnewski, P.: SPASS version 3.5. In: Schmidt, R.A. (ed.) CADE-22. LNCS, vol. 5663, pp. 140–145. Springer, Heidelberg (2009) CrossRef
68.
go back to reference Wos, L., Carson, D., Robinson, G.: The unit preference strategy in theorem proving. In: Proceedings of the Fall Joint Computer Conference, Part I. AFIPS Conference Proceedings, vol. 26, pp. 615–621 (1964) Wos, L., Carson, D., Robinson, G.: The unit preference strategy in theorem proving. In: Proceedings of the Fall Joint Computer Conference, Part I. AFIPS Conference Proceedings, vol. 26, pp. 615–621 (1964)
69.
go back to reference Zak, R.: Hilbert’s program. In: Zalta, E. (ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Spring 2015 edn. (2015). Accessed March 2015 Zak, R.: Hilbert’s program. In: Zalta, E. (ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Spring 2015 edn. (2015). Accessed March 2015
70.
go back to reference Zalta, E.N.: Gottlob Frege. In: Zalta, E. (ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Fall 2014 edn. (2014). Accessed March 2015 Zalta, E.N.: Gottlob Frege. In: Zalta, E. (ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Fall 2014 edn. (2014). Accessed March 2015
Metadata
Title
History and Prospects for First-Order Automated Deduction
Author
David A. Plaisted
Copyright Year
2015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21401-6_1

Premium Partner