Top

Published in:

2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

9. Imaging Techniques for Probing Nanoparticles in Cells and Skin

Authors : Christina Graf, Eckart Rühl

Published in: Biological Responses to Nanoscale Particles

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Imaging techniques for probing the interactions of nanoparticles with cells and skin are essential for a qualitative and quantitative understanding of uptake and penetration processes. A variety of important visualization techniques is reviewed for providing an overview on established and recently developed techniques. This includes optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, Raman microscopy, optical near-field microscopy, X-ray microscopy, as well as recent and emerging developments in the field of spectromicroscopy.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Cellular Uptake Mechanisms and Detection of Nanoparticle Uptake by Advanced Imaging Methods

next chapter Cellular Defense Mechanisms Following Nanomaterial Exposure: A Focus on Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity

Stark, W.J.: Nanoparticles in biological systems. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50(6), 1242–1258 (2011)

Shang, L., Nienhaus, G.U.: Small fluorescent nanoparticles at the nano-bio interface. Mater. Today 16(3), 58–66 (2013)

Treuel, L., Jiang, X.E., Nienhaus, G.U.: New views on cellular uptake and trafficking of manufactured nanoparticles. J. R. Soc. Interface 10(82), 20120939 (2013)

Pelaz, B., et al.: Interfacing Engineered nanoparticles with biological systems: anticipating adverse nano-bio interactions. Small 9(9–10), 1573–1584 (2013)

Geiser, M., Kreyling, W.G.: Deposition and biokinetics of inhaled nanoparticles. Part. Fibre Toxicol. 7(2), 17 (2010)

Shang, L., et al.: Nanoparticle interactions with live cells: quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nanoparticle size effects. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 5, 2388–2397 (2014)

Lundqvist, M., et al.: Nanoparticle size and surface properties determine the protein corona with possible implications for biological impacts. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 105(38), 14265–14270 (2008)ADS

Treuel, L., Nienhaus, G.U.: Toward a molecular understanding of nanoparticle–protein interactions. Biophys. Rev. 4(2), 137–147 (2012)

Monopoli, M.P., et al.: Biomolecular coronas provide the biological identity of nanosized materials. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(12), 779–786 (2012)ADS

10.

Xiao Wen, L., et al.: Penetration of Nanoparticles into Human Skin. Curr. Pharm. Des. 19(35), 6353–6366 (2013)

11.

Döge, N., et al.: Identification of polystyrene nanoparticle penetration across intact skin barrier as rare event at sites of focal particle aggregations. J. Biophotonics 11(4), e201700169 (2018)

12.

Graf, C., et al.: Penetration of spherical and rod-like gold nanoparticles into intact and barrier-disrupted human skin. In: SPIE BiOS, vol. 9338, pp. 93381L–933811. SPIE 9338 (2015)

13.

Graf, C., et al.: Shape-dependent dissolution and cellular uptake of silver nanoparticles. Langmuir 34(4), 1506–1519 (2018)

14.

Wang, H., et al.: Optical sizing of immunolabel clusters through multispectral plasmon coupling microscopy. Nano Lett. 11(2), 498–504 (2011)ADS

15.

Blank, H., et al.: Application of low-energy scanning transmission electron microscopy for the study of Pt-nanoparticle uptake in human colon carcinoma cells. Nanotoxicology 8(4), 433–446 (2014)

16.

Peckys, D.B., et al.: Epidermal growth factor receptor subunit locations determined in hydrated cells with environmental scanning electron microscopy. Sci. Rep. 3, 2626 (2013)

17.

Peckys, D.B., de Jonge, N.: Liquid scanning transmission electron microscopy: imaging protein complexes in their native environment in whole eukaryotic cells. Microsc. Microanal. 20(2), 346–365 (2014)

18.

Yamamoto, K., et al.: Selective probing of the penetration of dexamethasone into human skin by soft X-ray spectromicroscopy. Anal. Chem. 87(12), 6173–6179 (2015)

19.

Yamamoto, K., et al.: Core-multishell nanocarriers: transport and release of dexamethasone probed by soft X-ray spectromicroscopy. J. Control. Release 242, 64–70 (2016)

20.

Yamamoto, K., et al.: Influence of the skin barrier on the penetration of topically-applied dexamethasone probed by soft X-ray spectromicroscopy. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 118(SI), 30–37 (2017)

21.

Meinke, M.C., et al.: Evaluation of carotenoids and reactive oxygen species in human skin after UV irradiation: a critical comparison between in vivo and ex vivo investigations. Exp. Dermatol. 24(3), 194–197 (2015)

22.

Honeywell-Nguyen, P.L., Gooris, G.S., Bouwstra, J.A.: Quantitative assessment of the transport of elastic and rigid vesicle components and a model drug from these vesicle formulations into human skin in vivo. J. Invest. Dermatol. 123(5), 902–910 (2004)

23.

Witting, M., et al.: Interactions of hyaluronic acid with the skin and implications for the dermal delivery of biomacromolecules. Mol. Pharm. 12(5), 1391–1401 (2015)

24.

Lewin, M., et al.: Tat peptide-derivatized magnetic nanoparticles allow in vivo tracking and recovery of progenitor cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 18(4), 410–414 (2000)

25.

Selvi, B.R., et al.: Intrinsically fluorescent carbon nanospheres as a nuclear targeting vector: delivery of membrane-impermeable molecule to modulate gene expression in vivo. Nano Lett. 8(10), 3182–3188 (2008)ADS

26.

Song, Z., et al.: Background free imaging of upconversion nanoparticle distribution in human skin. J. Biomed. Opt. 18(6), 061215 (2013)ADS

27.

Huang, Y., Fenech, M., Shi, Q.H.: Micronucleus formation detected by live-cell imaging. Mutagenesis 26(1), 133–138 (2011)

28.

Seynhaeve, A.L.B., ten Hagen, T.L.M.: Using in vitro live-cell imaging to explore chemotherapeutics delivered by lipid-based nanoparticles. J. Vis. Exp. 129, e55405 (2017)

29.

Wildt, B.E., et al.: Intracellular accumulation and dissolution of silver nanoparticles in L-929 fibroblast cells using live cell time-lapse microscopy. Nanotoxicology 10(6), 710–719 (2016)

30.

Boreham, A., et al.: Determination of nanostructures and drug distribution in lipid nanoparticles by single molecule microscopy. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 110, 31–38 (2017)

31.

Volz, P., et al.: Application of single molecule fluorescence microscopy to characterize the penetration of a large amphiphilic molecule in the stratum corneum of human skin. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 16(4), 6960–6977 (2015)

32.

van der Zwaag, D., et al.: Super resolution imaging of nanoparticles cellular uptake and trafficking. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 8(10), 6391–6399 (2016)

33.

Peuschel, H., et al.: Quantification of internalized silica nanoparticles via STED microscopy. Biomed. Res. Int. 2015, 961208 (2015)

34.

Wang, S.H., et al.: Evolution of gold nanoparticle clusters in living cells studied by sectional dark-field optical microscopy and chromatic analysis. J. Biophotonics 9(7), 738–749 (2016)

35.

Deka, G., et al.: Nonlinear plasmonic imaging techniques and their biological applications. Nanophotonics 6(1), 31–49 (2017)MathSciNet

36.

Alexiev, U., et al.: Time-resolved fluorescence microscopy (FLIM) as an analytical tool in skin nanomedicine. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 116(SI), 111–124 (2017)

37.

Vogt, A., et al.: Nanocarriers for drug delivery into and through the skin—do existing technologies match clinical challenges? J. Control. Release 242, 3–15 (2016)

38.

Ostrowski, A., et al.: Overview about the localization of nanoparticles in tissue and cellular context by different imaging techniques. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 6, 263–280 (2015)

39.

Baeza, A., et al.: Electron microscopy for inorganic-type drug delivery nanocarriers for antitumoral applications: what does it reveal? J. Mater. Chem. B 5(15), 2714–2725 (2017)

40.

Chen, D.D., Monteiro-Riviere, N.A., Zhang, L.S.W.: Intracellular imaging of quantum dots, gold, and iron oxide nanoparticles with associated endocytic pathways. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. 9(2), e1419 (2017)

41.

Lin, L.L., et al.: Non-invasive nanoparticle imaging technologies for cosmetic and skin care products. Cosmetics 2, 196–210 (2015)

42.

Potocnik, J.: Commission recommendation of 18 October 2011 on the defnition of nanomaterals. Official J. Europ. Union L275/38 (2011)

43.

Panyam, J., Labhasetwar, V.: Dynamics of endocytosis and exocytosis of poly(D, L-Lactide-co-Glycolide) nanoparticles in vascular smooth muscle cells. Pharm. Res. 20(2), 212–220 (2003)

44.

Jiang, X., et al.: Endo- and exocytosis of zwitterionic quantum dot nanoparticles by live HeLa cells. ACS Nano 4(11), 6787–6797 (2010)

45.

Clift, M.J.D., et al.: The impact of different nanoparticle surface chemistry and size on uptake and toxicity in a murine macrophage cell line. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 232(3), 418–427 (2008)

46.

dos Santos, T., et al.: Quantitative assessment of the comparative nanoparticle-uptake efficiency of a range of cell lines. Small 7(23), 3341–3349 (2011)

47.

Byrne, G.D., et al.: Live imaging of cellular internalization of single colloidal particle by combined label-free and fluorescence total internal reflection microscopy. Mol. Pharm. 12(11), 3862–3870 (2015)

48.

Ann, F.H., et al.: Nanotechnology: toxicologic pathology. Toxicol. Pathol. 41(2), 395–409 (2013)

49.

Song, C.X., et al.: Formulation and characterization of biodegradable nanoparticles for intravascular local drug delivery. J. Control. Release 43(2), 197–212 (1997)MathSciNet

50.

Haase, M., Schaefer, H.: Upconverting Nanoparticles. Ang. Chem. Int. Ed. 50(26), 5808–5829 (2011)

51.

Song, C.X., et al.: Bifunctional cationic solid lipid nanoparticles of β-NaYF₄: Yb, Er upconversion nanoparticles coated with a lipid for bioimaging and gene delivery. RSC Adv. 7(43), 26633–26639 (2017)

52.

Kuo, T.-R., et al.: Chemical enhancer induced changes in the mechanisms of transdermal delivery of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Biomaterials 30(16), 3002–3008 (2009)

53.

Prow, T.W., et al.: Quantum dot penetration into viable human skin. Nanotoxicology 6(2), 173–185 (2012)

54.

Labouta, H.I., et al.: Gold nanoparticle penetration and reduced metabolism in human skin by toluene. Pharm. Res. 28(11), 2931–2944 (2011)

55.

Prow, T., et al.: Nanoparticle tethered antioxidant response element as a biosensor for oxygen induced toxicity in retinal endothelial cells. Mol. Vis. 12(67–69), 616–625 (2006)

56.

Prow, T.W., et al.: Nanoparticles and microparticles for skin drug delivery. Adv. Drug. Del. Rev. 63(6), 470–491 (2011)

57.

de Campos, A.M., et al.: Chitosan nanoparticles as new ocular drug delivery systems: in vitro stability, in vivo fate, and cellular toxicity. Pharm. Res. 21(5), 803–810 (2004)

58.

Prow, T.W., et al.: Ocular nanoparticle toxicity and transfection of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Nanomedicine 4(4), 340–349 (2008)

59.

Kang, J.H., Jang, W.Y., Ko, Y.T.: The effect of surface charges on the cellular uptake of liposomes investigated by live cell imaging. Pharm. Res. 34(4), 704–717 (2017)

60.

Oreopoulos, J., Berman, R., Browne, M.: Spinning-disk confocal microscopy: present technology and future trends. In: Waters, Wittmann, T. (eds.) Quantitative Imaging in Cell Biology, pp. 153–175. Elsevier Academic Press Inc, San Diego (2014)

61.

Baroli, B., et al.: Penetration of metallic nanoparticles in human full-thickness skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 127(7), 1701–1712 (2007)

62.

Cross, S.E., et al.: Human skin penetration of sunscreen nanoparticles: in-vitro assessment of a novel micronized zinc oxide formulation. Skin Pharmacol. Physiol. 20(3), 148–154 (2007)

63.

Gratieri, T., et al.: Penetration of quantum dot particles through human skin. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 6(5), 586–595 (2010)

64.

Alvarez-Roman, R., et al.: Skin penetration and distribution of polymeric nanoparticles. J. Control. Release 99(1), 53–62 (2004)

65.

Mortensen, L.J., et al.: In vivo skin penetration of quantum dot nanoparticles in the murine model: the effect of UVR. Nano Lett. 8(9), 2779–2787 (2008)ADS

66.

Ostrowski, A., et al.: Skin barrier disruptions in tape stripped and allergic dermatitis models have no effect on dermal penetration and systemic distribution of AHAPS-functionalized silica nanoparticles. Nanomedicine 10(7), 1571–1581 (2014)

67.

Rouse, J.G., et al.: Effects of mechanical flexion on the penetration of fullerene amino acid-derivatized peptide nanoparticles through skin. Nano Lett. 7(1), 155–160 (2007)ADS

68.

Gonzalez, S., et al.: Changing paradigms in dermatology: Confocal microscopy in clinical and surgical dermatology. Clin. Dermatol. 21(5), 359–369 (2003)

69.

Shahriari, N., et al.: In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy image interpretation for the dermatopathologist. J. Cutan. Pathol. 45(3), 187–197 (2018)

70.

Summers, H.D., et al.: Statistical analysis of nanoparticle dosing in a dynamic cellular system. Nat. Nanotechnol. 6(3), 170–174 (2011)ADS

71.

Vranic, S., et al.: Deciphering the mechanisms of cellular uptake of engineered nanoparticles by accurate evaluation of internalization using imaging flow cytometry. Part. Fibre Toxicol. 10, 2 (2013)

72.

Gao, N.Y., et al.: Shape-dependent two-photon photoluminescence of single gold nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. B 118(25), 13904–13911 (2014)

73.

Richter, T., et al.: Dead but highly dynamic—the stratum corneum is divided into three hydration zones. Skin Pharmacol. Physiol. 17(5), 246–257 (2004)

74.

Rane, T.D., Armani, A.M.: Two-photon microscopy analysis of gold nanoparticle uptake in 3D cell spheroids. PLoS ONE 11(12), e0167548 (2016)

75.

Zhu, Y.J., et al.: Penetration of silver nanoparticles into porcine skin ex vivo using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, Raman microscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering microscopy. J. Biomed. Opt. 20(5), 051006 (2015)ADS

76.

Li, K., Schneider, M.: Quantitative evaluation and visualization of size effect on cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles by multiphoton imaging-UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis. J. Biomed. Opt. 19(10), 101505 (2014)ADS

77.

Graf, B.W., et al.: In vivo imaging of immune cell dynamics in skin in response to zinc-oxide nanoparticle exposure. Biomed. Opt. Exp. 4(10), 1817–1828 (2013)

78.

Basuki, J.S., et al.: Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to monitor theranostic nanoparticle uptake and intracellular doxorubicin release. ACS Nano 7(11), 10175–10189 (2013)

79.

Boreham, A., et al.: Exploiting fluorescence lifetime plasticity in FLIM: target molecule localization in cells and tissues. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2(10), 724–728 (2011)

80.

Roberts, M.S., et al.: Non-invasive imaging of skin physiology and percutaneous penetration using fluorescence spectral and lifetime imaging with multiphoton and confocal microscopy. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 77(3), 469–488 (2011)

81.

Hanson, K.M., et al.: Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging of the skin stratum corneum pH gradient. Biophys. J. 83(3), 1682–1690 (2002)ADS

82.

Hell, S.W.: Nanoscopy with focused light (Nobel Lecture). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54(28), 8054–8066 (2015)

83.

Kamiyama, D., Huang, B.: Development in the STORM. Dev. Cell 23(6), 1103–1110 (2012)

84.

Betzig, E.: Single molecules, cells, and super-resolution optics (Nobel Lecture). Ang. Chem. Int. Ed. 54(28), 8034–8053 (2015)

85.

Gustafsson, M.G.L.: Nonlinear structured-illumination microscopy: wide-field fluorescence imaging with theoretically unlimited resolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102(37), 13081–13086 (2005)

86.

Schübbe, S., et al.: Size-dependent localization and quantitative evaluation of the intracellular migration of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 cells. Chem. Mater. 24(5), 914–923 (2012)

87.

Nedosekin, D.A., et al.: Photothermal confocal multicolor microscopy of nanoparticles and nanodrugs in live cells. Drug Metab. Rev. 47(3), 346–355 (2015)

88.

Vermeulen, P., Cognet, L., Lounis, B.: Photothermal microscopy: optical detection of small absorbers in scattering environments. J. Microsc. 254(3), 115–121 (2014)

89.

Galanzha, E., Zharov, V.P.: Circulating tumor cell detection and capture by photoacoustic flow cytometry in vivo and ex vivo. Cancers 5(4), 1691–1738 (2013)

90.

Nieves, D.J., et al.: Photothermal raster image correlation spectroscopy of gold nanoparticles in solution and on live cells. R. Soc. Open Sci. 2(6), 140454 (2015)ADS

91.

Erni, R., et al.: Atomic-resolution imaging with a sub-50-pm electron probe. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(9), 096101 (2009)ADS

92.

Jane, A.F., et al.: Ultrastructural analysis in preclinical safety evaluation. Toxicol. Pathol. 40(2), 391–402 (2012)

93.

Hoenger, A., McIntosh, J.R.: Probing the macromolecular organization of cells by electron tomography. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 21(1), 89–96 (2009)

94.

Leis, A., et al.: Visualizing cells at the nanoscale. Trends Biochem. Sci. 34(2), 60–70 (2009)

95.

Kourkoutis, L.F., Plitzko, J.M., Baumeister, W.: Electron microscopy of biological materials at the nanometer scale. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 42(1), 33–58 (2012)ADS

96.

Pierson, J., et al.: Toward visualization of nanomachines in their native cellular environment. Histochem. Cell Biol. 132(3), 253–262 (2009)

97.

Medalia, O., et al.: Macromolecular architecture in eukaryotic cells visualized by cryoelectron tomography. Science 298(5596), 1209–1213 (2002)ADS

98.

Fujimoto, K.: Freeze-fracture replica electron microscopy combined with SDS digestion for cytochemical labeling of integral membrane proteins. Application to the immunogold labeling of intercellular junctional complexes. J. Cell. Sci. 108(11), 3443–3449 (1995)

99.

Bushby, A.J., et al.: Imaging three-dimensional tissue architectures by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. Nat. Protoc. 6(6), 845–858 (2011)

100.

Gontier, E., et al.: Is there penetration of titania nanoparticles in sunscreens through skin? A comparative electron and ion microscopy study. Nanotoxicology 2(4), 218–231 (2008)

101.

Hubbs, A.F., et al.: Nanotoxicology-a pathologist’s perspective. Toxicol. Pathol. 39(2), 301–324 (2011)

102.

Adachi, K., et al.: In vivo effect of industrial titanium dioxide nanoparticles experimentally exposed to hairless rat skin. Nanotoxicology 4(3), 296–306 (2010)

103.

Marquis, B.J., et al.: Analytical methods to assess nanoparticle toxicity. Analyst 134(3), 425–439 (2009)MathSciNetADS

104.

Kempen, P.J., et al.: A scanning transmission electron microscopy approach to analyzing large volumes of tissue to detect nanoparticles. Microsc. Microanal. 19(5), 1290–1297 (2013)ADS

105.

Droste, M.S., et al.: Noninvasive measurement of cell volume changes by negative staining. J. Biomed. Opt. 10(6), 064017 (2005)ADS

106.

Richter, T., et al.: Pros and cons: cryo-electron microscopic evaluation of block faces versus cryo-sections from frozen-hydrated skin specimens prepared by different techniques. J. Microsc. Oxford 225(2), 201–207 (2007)MathSciNetADS

107.

Echlin, P.: Low-Temperature Microscopy and Analysis. Springer, Berlin (1992)

108.

Lucas, M.S., Günthert, M., Gasser, P., Lucas, F., Wepf, R.: Bridging microscopes: 3D correlative light and scanning electron microscopy of complex biological structures. In: Müller-Reichert, T., Verkade, P. (eds.) Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy, pp. 325–356. Academic Press, Cambridge (2012)

109.

McDonald, K.L.: A review of high-pressure freezing preparation techniques for correlative light and electron microscopy of the same cells and tissues. J. Microsc. 235(3), 273–281 (2009)MathSciNet

110.

Webster, P., Schwarz, H., Griffiths, G.: Preparation of cells and tissues for immuno EM, Chap. 3. In: Methods Cell Biology, pp. 45–58. Academic Press, Amsterdam (2008)

111.

Norlén, L.: Nanostructure of the stratum corneum extracellular lipid matrix as observed by cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous skin sections. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 29(5), 335–352 (2007)

112.

Asahina, S., Togashi, T., Terasaki, O., Takami, S., Adschiri, T., Shibata, M., Erdman, N.: High-resolution low-voltage scanning electron microscope study of nanostructured materials. Microsc. Anal. 26, S12–S14 (2012)

113.

Callaway, E.: The revolution will not be crystallized: a new method sweeps through structural biology. Nature 525(7568), 172–174 (2015)ADS

114.

Engel, A., Dubochet, J., Kellenberger, E.: Some progress in the use of a scanning transmission electron microscope for the observation of biomacromolecules. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 57(3), 322–330 (1976)

115.

Ohtsuki, M.: Observation of unstained biological macromolecules with STEM. Ultramicroscopy 5(3), 317–323 (1980)

116.

Colliex, C., Mory, C.: Scanning transmission electron microscopy of biological structures. Biol. Cell 80(2–3), 175–180 (1994)

117.

Porter, A.E., et al.: Direct imaging of single-walled carbon nanotubes in cells. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2(11), 713–717 (2007)ADS

118.

Uchida, M., et al.: Intracellular distribution of macrophage targeting ferritin-iron oxide nanocomposite. Adv. Mater. 21(4), 458–462 (2009)MathSciNet

119.

Donald, A.M.: The use of environmental scanning electron microscopy for imaging wet and insulating materials. Nat. Mater. 2, 511–516 (2003)ADS

120.

de Jonge, N., Ross, F.M.: Electron microscopy of specimens in liquid. Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 695–704 (2011)ADS

121.

Stokes, D.J.: Principles and practice of variable pressure/environmental scanning electron microscopy (VP-ESEM). Wiley, Chichester, West-Sussex (2008)

122.

Kirk, S.E., Skepper, J.N., Donald, A.M.: Application of environmental scanning electron microscopy to determine biological surface structure. J. Microsc. 233(2), 205–224 (2009)MathSciNet

123.

Bogner, A., et al.: Wet STEM: a new development in environmental SEM for imaging nano-objects included in a liquid phase. Ultramicroscopy 104(3), 290–301 (2005)

124.

Williamson, M.J., et al.: Dynamic microscopy of nanoscale cluster growth at the solid–liquid interface. Nat. Mater. 2(8), 532–536 (2003)ADS

125.

de Jonge, N., et al.: Scanning transmission electron microscopy of biological specimens in water. Microsc. Microanal. 13(S02), 242–243 (2007)

126.

de Jonge, N., et al.: Electron microscopy of whole cells in liquid with nanometer resolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106(7), 2159–2164 (2009)

127.

Peckys, D.B., et al.: Nanoscale imaging of whole cells using a liquid enclosure and a scanning transmission electron microscope. PLoS ONE 4(12), e8214 (2009)ADS

128.

Le Trequesser, Q., et al.: Single cell in situ detection and quantification of metal oxide nanoparticles using multimodal correlative microscopy. Anal. Chem. 86(15), 7311–7319 (2014)

129.

Peckys, D.B., Bandmann, V., de Jonge, N.: Correlative fluorescence and scanning transmission electron microscopy of quantum dot-labeled proteins on whole cells in liquid. In: Müller-Reichert, T., Verkade, P. (eds.) Methods in Cell Biology, vol. 124, pp. 305–322. Academic Press, Cambridge (2014)

130.

Liu, M.M., et al.: Real-time visualization of clustering and intracellular transport of gold nanoparticles by correlative imaging. Nat. Commun. 8, 15646 (2017)ADS

131.

Jahn, K.A., et al.: Correlative microscopy: providing new understanding in the biomedical and plant sciences. Micron 43(5), 565–582 (2012)

132.

Lal, S., Link, S., Halas, N.J.: Nano-optics from sensing to waveguiding. Nat. Photon. 1(11), 641–648 (2007)ADS

133.

Krafft, C., et al.: Label-free molecular imaging of biological cells and tissues by linear and nonlinear Raman spectroscopic approaches. Ang. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 4392–4430 (2017)

134.

Zhang, G.J., et al.: Imaging the prodrug-to-drug transformation of a 5-fluorouracil derivative in skin by confocal Raman microscopy. J. Invest. Dermatol. 127(5), 1205–1209 (2007)

135.

Freudiger, C.W., et al.: Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated raman scattering microscopy. Science 322(5909), 1857–1861 (2008)ADS

136.

Klossek, A., et al.: Studies for improved understanding of lipid distributions in human skin by combining stimulated and spontaneous Raman microscopy. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 116(SI), 76–84 (2017)

137.

Belsey, N.A., et al.: Evaluation of drug delivery to intact and porated skin by coherent Raman scattering and fluorescence microscopies. J. Control. Release, 174, 37–42 (2014)

138.

Saar, B.G., et al.: Imaging drug delivery to skin with stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Mol. Pharm. 8(3), 969–975 (2011)

139.

Giulbudagian, M., et al.: Correlation between the chemical composition of thermoresponsive nanogels and their interaction with the skin barrier. J. Control. Release 243, 323–332 (2016)

140.

Zhang, C., Zhang, D.L., Cheng, J.X.: Coherent Raman scattering microscopy in biology and medicine. In: Yarmush, M.L. (ed.) Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 17, pp. 415–445 (2015)

141.

Vo-Dinh, T., et al.: SERS nanosensors and nanoreporters: golden opportunities in biomedical applications. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Nanomedicine Nanobiotechnology 7, 17–33 (2015)

142.

Li, Q., et al.: AFM-based force spectroscopy for bioimaging and biosensing. RSC Adv. 6(16), 12893–12912 (2016)

143.

Berweger, S., et al.: Nano-chemical infrared imaging of membrane proteins in lipid bilayers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135(49), 18292–18295 (2013)

144.

Hermann, P., et al.: Enhancing the sensitivity of nano-FTIR spectroscopy. Opt. Express 25(14), 16574–16588 (2017)ADS

145.

Verma, P.: Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: technique and recent advances. Chem. Rev. 117(9), 6447–6466 (2017)

146.

Dazzi, A., Prater, C.B.: AFM-IR: technology and applications in nanoscale infrared spectroscopy and chemical imaging. Chem. Rev. 117, 5146–5173 (2017)

147.

Lawrence, J.R., et al.: Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy for speciation, quantitation and nano-eco-toxicology of nanomaterials. J. Microsc. 261, 130–147 (2016)

148.

Karunakaran, C., et al.: Introduction of soft X-ray spectromicroscopy as an advanced technique for plant biopolymers research. PLoS ONE 10, e0122959 (2015)

149.

Stöhr, J.: NEXAFS spectroscopy. In: Gomer, R. (ed.) Springer Series in Surface Science, vol. 25. Springer, Berlin (1992)

150.

Schulz, R., et al.: Data-based modeling of drug penetration relates human skin barrier function to the interplay of diffusivity and free-energy profiles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114(14), 3631–3636 (2017)

151.

Schneider, G., et al.: Three-dimensional cellular ultrastructure resolved by X-ray microscopy. Nat. Methods 7(12), 985–987 (2010)

152.

Graf, C., et al.: Qualitative detection of single submicron and nanoparticles in human skin by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 021015 (2009)ADS

153.

Bos, J.D., Meinardi, M.: The 500 Dalton rule for the skin penetration of chemical compounds and drugs. Exp. Dermatol. 9(3), 165–169 (2000)

Title: Imaging Techniques for Probing Nanoparticles in Cells and Skin
Authors: Christina Graf
Eckart Rühl
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Biological Responses to Nanoscale Particles
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-12460-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-12461-8

Copyright Year: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12461-8_9

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Premium Partners