2. Impact of Nuclear Enterprises on the Subsoil

The chapter discusses different types of impact on the subsoil and the environment from various enterprises of the nuclear industry—from uranium ore mining to RW management. Particularly dangerous and technically aggregated industrial objects within nuclear enterprises are considered as sources of technogenic impact on the subsoil. What we consider in this chapter are five groups of production facilities that belong to the most environmentally hazardous NFC stages (in brackets—number of production facilities types): uranium ore mining and processing enterprises (5); radiochemical production (3); production of nuclear fuel (1); nuclear power plants (4); radioactive waste management (5). For each type of production facilities, we consider different types of impact on the subsoil: r/a contamination; hydrochemical, hydrodynamic, thermal, electromagnetic, mechanical, and seismic impacts.