Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Journal of Polymer Research
Published in: Journal of Polymer Research 4/2021

01-04-2021 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Influences of processing conditions on the glass transition of soft poly(vinyl chloride) compounds filled with calcium carbonate

Authors: Hang Li, Juan Zhang, Feng Wei, Juan Yan, Zhen Da, Yijian Chu, Xuehui Wang, Zhigang Wang

Published in: Journal of Polymer Research | Issue 4/2021

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Three series of soft polyvinyl chloride (soft PVC) compounds were prepared at different processing conditions during PVC powder mixing. The processing conditions varied in two different adding procedures of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder, two discharge temperatures and two mixing frequencies. The influences of the processing conditions on the glass transition of soft PVC compounds filled with calcium carbonate were extensively investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) associated with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that, under the combinative conditions of addition of CaCO3 powder using the one-step procedure instead of two-step procedure, increase of discharge temperature or use of higher mixing frequency, the glass transition of plasticized PVC component could shift to lower temperatures for soft PVC compounds. Under the same formulas, the one-step procedure was confirmed to be preferred, since two separated glass transitions were detected in DSC measurements of the samples prepared by the two-step procedure, where the higher glass transition corresponded to the less plasticized PVC component due to worse mixing efficiency. This finding is quite helpful for the preparation of soft PVC compounds with lower glass transition temperatures.
previous article A polymer hybrid film based on poly(vinyl cinnamate) and poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) for controlled flurbiprofen release
next article Effect of CeO2-Fe2O3 coated SiO2 nanoparticles on the thermal stability and UV resistance of polyurethane films

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Daniels PH (2009) A brief overview of theories of PVC plasticization and methods used to evaluate PVC-plasticizer interaction. J Vinyl Addit Technol 15:219–223CrossRef
2.
Endo K (2002) Synthesis and structure of poly(vinyl chloride). Prog Polym Sci 27:2021–2054CrossRef
3.
Saeki Y, Emura T (2002) Technical progresses for PVC production. Prog Polym Sci 27:2055–2131CrossRef
4.
Sadat-Shojai M, Bakhshandeh GR (2011) Recycling of PVC wastes. Polym Degrad Stab 96:404–415CrossRef
5.
Chiellini F, Ferri M, Morelli A, Dipaola L, Latini G (2013) Perspectives on alternatives to phthalate plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) in medical devices applications. Prog Polym Sci 38:1067–1088CrossRef
6.
Chetanachan W, Sookkho D, Sutthitavil W, Chantasatrasamy N, Sinsermsuksakul R (2001) PVC wood: A new look in construction. J Vinyl Addit Technol 7:134–137CrossRef
7.
Girois S, Schipper PS (2001) Enhanced weatherability of exterior PVC building products. J Vinyl Addit Technol 7:61–66CrossRef
8.
Wasikiewicz JM, Roohpour N, Paul D, Grahn M, Ateh D, Rehman I, Vadgama P (2008) Polymeric barrier membranes for device packaging, diffusive control and biocompatibility. Appl Surf Sci 255:340–343CrossRef
9.
Herrero M, Navarro R, Reinecke H, Mijangos C, Grohens Y (2006) Controlled wet-chemical modification and bacterial adhesion on PVC-surfaces. Polym Degrad Stab 91:1915–1918CrossRef
10.
Hakkarainen M (2003) New PVC materials for medical applications-the release profile of PVC/polycaprolactone-polycarbonate aged in aqueous environments. Polym Degrad Stab 80:451–458CrossRef
11.
12.
Jamarani R, Erythropel HC, Burkat D, Nicell JA, Leask RL, Maric M (2017) Rheology of green plasticizer/poly(vinyl chloride) blends via time-temperature superposition. Processes 5:43–55CrossRef
13.
Bocqué M, Voirin C, Lapinte V, Caillol S, Robin JJ (2016) Petro-based and bio-based plasticizers: Chemical structures to plasticizing properties. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 54:11–33CrossRef
14.
Kemal I, Whittle A, Burford R, Vodenitcharova T, Hoffman M (2009) Toughening of unmodified polyvinylchloride through the addition of nanoparticulate calcium carbonate. Polymer 50:4066–4079CrossRef
15.
Jamel MM, Khoshnoud P, Gunashekar S, Abu-Zahra N (2015) Effect of e-glass fibers and phlogopite mica on the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of rigid PVC foams. Polym Plast Technol Eng 54:1560–1570CrossRef
16.
Fernando NAS, Thomas NL (2007) Effect of precipitated calcium carbonate on the mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride). J Vinyl Addit Technol 13:98–102CrossRef
17.
Cornwell DW, Rodary G (2005) Modification of rigid PVC properties through effective use of synthetic calcium carbonates of controlled morphology and surface character. Plast Rubber Compos 34:105–110CrossRef
18.
Xie XL, Liu QX, Li RKY, Zhou XP, Zhang QX, Yu ZZ, Mai YW (2004) Rheological and mechanical properties of PVC/CaCO3 nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization. Polymer 45:6665–6673CrossRef
19.
Wales M (1971) Compatibility of plasticizers with poly(vinyl chloride). J Appl Polym Sci 15:293–310CrossRef
20.
Jia PY, Zhang M, Hu LH, Wang R, Sun C, Zhou YH (2017) Cardanol groups grafted on poly(vinyl chloride)-synthesis, performance and plasticization mechanism. Polymers 9:621–632CrossRef
21.
Ceccorulli G, Pizzoli M, Scandola M (1987) Composition dependence of the glass transition temperature of polymer-diluent systems: 1. Experimental evidence of a dual behaviour in plasticized PVC. Polymer 28:2077–2080CrossRef
22.
Scherrenberg R, Reynaers H, Mortensen K, Vlak W, Gondard C (1993) Structural aspects of suspension poly(vinyl chloride). Small-angle neutron scattering of rigid and plasticized suspension PVC. Macromolecules 26:3205–3211CrossRef
23.
Calò E, Greco A, Maffezzoli A (2011) Effects of diffusion of a naturally-derived plasticizer from soft PVC. Polym Degrad Stab 96:784–789CrossRef
24.
Brown HR, Musindi GM, Stachurski ZH (1982) Effect of plasticizer concentration and annealing on the structure of PVC. Polymer 23:1508–1514CrossRef
25.
Kisbényi M (1973) Study of the compatibility of plasticizers with poly(vinyl chloride) by dielectric spectroscopy. J Polym Sci, Polym Symp 42:647–656CrossRef
26.
Li P, Chen XD, Zeng JB, Gan L, Wang M (2016) Enhancement of the interfacial interaction between poly(vinyl chloride) and zinc oxide modified reduced graphene oxide. RSC Adv 6:5784–5791CrossRef
27.
Hajibeygi M, Maleki M, Shabanian M, Ducos F, Vahabi H (2018) New polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nanocomposite consisting of aromatic polyamide and chitosan modified ZnO nanoparticles with enhanced thermal stability, low heat release rate and improved mechanical properties. Appl Surf Sci 439:1163–1179CrossRef
28.
Stuart A, Mccallum MM, Fan D, Lecaptain DJ, Lee CY, Mohanty DK (2010) Poly(vinyl chloride) plasticized with succinate esters: Synthesis and characterization. Polym Bull 65:589–598CrossRef
29.
Rehm T (1997) The compression set of plasticized PVC. J Vinyl Addit Technol 3:286–291CrossRef
30.
Fillot LA, Hajji P, Gauthier C, Masenelli-Varlot K (2006) U-PVC gelation level assessment, part 1: Comparison of different techniques. J Vinyl Addit Technol 12:98–107CrossRef
31.
Wang Y, Wang JJ (1999) Shear yield behavior of calcium carbonate-filled polypropylene. Polym Eng Sci 39:190–198CrossRef
32.
Zhang L, Chen XH, Li CZ (2005) Mechanical properties of PVC/nano-CaCO3 composites. J Mater Sci 40:2097–2098CrossRef
33.
Soong SY, Cohen RE, Boyce MC, Mulliken AD (2006) Rate-dependent mechanical deformation behavior of poss-filled and plasticized poly(vinyl chloride). Macromolecules 39:2900–2908CrossRef
34.
Chen N, Wan CY, Zhang Y, Zhang YX (2004) Effect of nano-CaCO3 on mechanical properties of PVC and PVC/blendex blend. Polym Test 23:169–174CrossRef
35.
Ari GA, Aydin I (2010) Rheological and fusion behaviors of PVC micro- and nano-composites evaluated from torque rheometer data. J Vinyl Addit Technol 16:223–228CrossRef
36.
Patil CB, Kapadi UR, Hundiwale DG, Mahulikar PP (2009) Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) calcium carbonate nanocomposites via melt intercalation. J Mater Sci 44:3118–3124CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Influences of processing conditions on the glass transition of soft poly(vinyl chloride) compounds filled with calcium carbonate
Authors
Hang Li
Juan Zhang
Feng Wei
Juan Yan
Zhen Da
Yijian Chu
Xuehui Wang
Zhigang Wang
Publication date
01-04-2021
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Journal of Polymer Research / Issue 4/2021
Print ISSN: 1022-9760
Electronic ISSN: 1572-8935
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-021-02496-z

Other articles of this Issue 4/2021

Journal of Polymer Research 4/2021 Go to the issue

ORIGINAL PAPER

Mechanical and barrier properties of LLDPE/TPS/OMMT packaging film in the presence of POE-g-IA or POE-g-MA

ORIGINAL PAPER

A novel kind of room temperature self-healing poly(urethane-urea) with robust mechanical strength based on aromatic disulfide

ORIGINAL PAPER

A multiscale simulation of amorphous polystyrene

ORIGINAL PAPER

Modification of carbon nanotube with poly(amidoamine) dendritic structures to prepare a multifunctional hybrid curing component for epoxidized polyurethane and novolac resins

ORIGINAL PAPER

Thermo-oxidative degradation of vulcanized SBR: A comparison between ultraviolet (UV) and microwave as recovery techniques

ORIGINAL PAPER

Influence of natural crosslinker and fibre weightage on waste kibisu fibre reinforced wheatgluten biocomposite

Premium Partners

    Image Credits