Integrated energy optimization scheduling with active/passive demand response and reward and punishment ladder carbon trading

With the increase in energy demand and carbon emission requirements, energy management and CO₂ emission reduction on the user side are significant for integrated energy system (IES) scheduling. This paper constructs a two-stage optimal dispatching model combining active/passive demand response (DR) and reward and punishment ladder-type carbon trading. In the first stage, the electricity/gas load was optimized by adding a logistics function to the active DR model. A passive DR model is built based on the optimized electric load and the heat/cooling–electricity ratio of the cogeneration unit to optimize the heat/cooling load. In the second stage, a multi-objective IES model based on the optimized load and reward and punishment ladder carbon trading was solved by the golden eagle multi-objective optimization (MOGEO). Analyzing the scheduling results from different scenarios, the active/passive DR model can reduce the load peak-to-valley difference and improve user satisfaction and grid revenue. At the same time, the combination of reward and punishment ladder carbon trading makes the system gain more carbon revenue, reduces system operating costs and carbon emissions, and improves energy utilization.